question 1: what are the assumptions of the project? What conditions should the project hypothesis meet? What impact does the project assumption have on the project? How to treat project assumptions? Someone else has asked the same question, so I'll post my answer!

suppose you are a project leader, and now you are required to undertake the development of an e-commerce system:

1. Have you chosen the development language when designing the system? If so, will the limitations of the development language itself lead to compromises in system design? Can these compromises be controlled within the acceptable range of users? If not, how did you do it? Why?

a: in general, when designing a system, the development language has been determined, because the specific situation and requirements of the development language should be considered when designing. In practical work, the general design cannot be completely divorced from the requirements of the development language. In the system outline design, the specific development language in the future can be ignored, that is, some purely abstract designs can be carried out, but in the detailed design, the specific implementation problems in the future should be considered. Each development language must have its own limitations, but we certainly can't sacrifice the quality of software because it has limitations, it is difficult to realize a certain function or the cost is too high, or it doesn't meet the requirements when designing. Moreover, even if you choose a certain development language, there is no rule that you can't use other languages to develop system functions. The current system architecture can generally be assembled, and a large part of it is developed by others, so you can use it. For example, the commonly used "button" itself is packaged after being developed by others, and then you can use it. Don't hang yourself from a tree when developing programs.

In the process of design, for various reasons, such as cost, time, market and user requirements, there will definitely be some changes, and these changes may include what you call "compromise", which is normal, but these changes must be acceptable to users, and their consent must be obtained before making changes, because the satisfaction of project stakeholders or users determines the success of your project to some extent. It should be noted that the needs of users are constantly changing, and the needs at the end of the project may be quite different from those at the beginning of the project. In short, it is necessary to communicate with project stakeholders and get their understanding and support.

2. How to control the efficiency and time of development?

the project should have a special schedule management, that is, a detailed and used project schedule should be made at the beginning of the project. The general steps are: 1) activity definition: further decompose the WBS (work breakdown structure) according to the requirements of the project scope specification, get the lowest deliverable, determine what to do and what the final output is;

2) Activity sequencing: determine the dependency relationship between activities, form the project network structure diagram, and know the critical path that affects the project;

3) activity resource estimation: determine which resources (human, financial, material, etc.) are needed for the correct implementation of these activities, and when they are needed;

4) Make progress plan: Make a more comprehensive work and make a specific project progress plan, that is, determine the actual start time and end time of each work. Besides the above work results, it is also necessary to comprehensively consider the project contract (that is, the mandatory end time), the company's resource usage (when and what resources can be obtained) and possible risk records. Gantt chart is a good choice;

5) schedule control: once the plan is made, everything will be fine, but it is necessary to supervise and control the implementation of the plan. For example, it is necessary to constantly check whether the actual schedule deviates from the original plan. If there is any deviation, it is necessary to analyze the deviation, find out the reasons for the deviation, and then put forward improvement suggestions and adjust the plan according to the actual situation.

generally speaking, the steps of schedule control include:

1) analyzing the schedule and finding out where corrective measures are needed;

2) determine which corrective measures should be taken;

3) modify the plan and include corrective measures in the plan;

4) recalculate the progress and estimate the effect of the planned corrective measures;

When the project is behind schedule, the following measures can be taken to shorten the activity duration:

1) Invest more resources to accelerate the activity process

2) Assign more experienced people to complete or help complete the project work;

3) reduce the scope of activities or reduce the requirements of activities (it is best to communicate with users);

4) improve productivity by improving methods or technologies;

in practical work, it is to narrow the scope of the project or lower the requirements, and catch up with the work and follow up quickly;

3. what is the main basis for choosing a development language?

a: when choosing a development language, in addition to the characteristics of the project itself, you can ... > >

question 2: how to write the evaluation report? Article 12 The evaluation report shall include the following main contents:

(1) Title and document number;

(2) statement;

(3) summary;

(4) the text;

(5) attachments.

Article 13 The statement of the appraisal report shall include the following contents:

(1) The certified asset appraiser shall abide by the principles of independence, objectivity and impartiality, abide by the provisions of relevant laws, regulations and asset appraisal standards, and bear corresponding responsibilities;

(2) Remind users of the evaluation report to pay attention to the special notes and use restrictions of the evaluation report;

(3) other contents that need to be declared.

article 14 the summary of the evaluation report shall provide the main information of the evaluation business and the evaluation conclusion.

Article 15 The main body of the appraisal report shall include:

(1) users of the appraisal report other than the entrusting party, the property right holder and the entrusting party;

(2) evaluation purpose;

(3) Evaluation object and scope;

(4) value types and their definitions;

(5) base date of evaluation;

(6) evaluation basis;

(7) evaluation methods;

(8) the implementation process and situation of the evaluation procedure;

(9) assessment hypothesis;

(1) evaluation conclusion;

(11) Description of special matters;

(12) Description of restrictions on the use of the assessment report;

(XIII) evaluation report date;

(14) Signature and seal of certified asset appraiser, seal of appraisal institution and signature of legal representative or partner.

question 3: the essence and necessity of asset appraisal hypothesis. Asset appraisal hypothesis refers to some things that have not been clearly understood in the process of asset appraisal, which are reasonably inferred according to the objective normal situation or development trend. The hypothesis of asset appraisal is also a prerequisite for the conclusion of asset appraisal.

Question 4: What method does the hypothetical development method belong to? 1. Basic idea, application scope and basic formula of the hypothetical development method (master)

Basic idea

Hypothetical development method is also called residual method, arrival algorithm and expected development method

Hypothetical development method is to calculate the estimated real estate value according to the residual value after deducting the expected value of the estimated real estate after development, normal input expenses, normal taxes and reasonable profits. This method is mainly used to evaluate the value of land to be developed.

scope of application

evaluation of land to be developed

evaluation of land to be developed in mature areas

evaluation of redeveloped real estate to be demolished and rebuilt

basic formula

land price+construction fee+professional fee+sales fee+interest+tax+profit = expected property price

land price = expected property price-construction fee-professional fee-

A. Land to be developed B. Land with developed buildings

C. Land to be developed into cultivated land D. Land under development to be demolished

Answer: ACD

II. Operation steps

Investigate the basic situation of real estate (restrictions, location, shape, size, utilization requirements, rights status)

Determine.

2. For leased real estate, such as office buildings, DD income method

(1) Use the market method to determine the net income of leased real estate;

(2) Discount all net income by income method to get the total price of real estate.

estimate various costs and expenses

1. estimate the development and construction costs and expenses d, the construction expenses

2. estimate the professional expenses d, which is usually calculated according to a certain proportion of the construction expenses

3. determine the development and construction period. Estimate the interest of prepaid capital

(1) the interest is calculated by compound interest

(2) the interest of prepaid land price

the land price that has been fully prepaid ×(1+ interest rate) the development and construction period -1

(3) the interest of building development fees and professional fees

(1) distinguish the initial one-time investment, even investment and uniform investment by stages;

② One-time investment at the beginning: full-time interest calculation;

③ even investment: the interest period is half of the development period;

(4) uniform investment by stages (for example, 3% in the first year and 7% in the second year): the interest period is half of each period plus the remaining occupation period;

⑤ Interest shall be calculated in full and in full during the vacant and sales period after the completion of construction.

4. The estimated tax D is generally calculated by a certain proportion of the total real estate price after completion

5. The estimated rental and sales expenses D include agency fees, marketing fees, trading fees, etc. Generally, it is calculated by a certain proportion of the total real estate price or rent

To determine the reasonable profit of the developer

The calculation base of the return on investment profit rate is generally land price, development fees and professional fees.

estimate the value of the object to be appraised

Example: in the hypothetical development method of land use right evaluation, the basis for calculating profit is ()

A. Land price+construction fee B. Land price+construction fee C. Land price+construction fee+professional fee+interest

D. Land price+professional fee+construction fee The answer is: D a. the whole development and construction period B. half of the development and construction period C. the whole vacant period

D. the half answer of the vacant period is: A

example: when applying hypothetical development to evaluate land price, the expenses that should be deducted from the house pre-sale price are ().

A, land acquisition cost b, total construction cost c, profit d, tax e, interest Answer: b, c, d, E

Example: the appraised object is a commercial land to be developed, with a land area of 5, square meters. The land use right is 4 years from the base date of appraisal. According to local urban planning, the plot ratio of the land to be appraised is 5, and the coverage rate is 6%. According to the requirements of urban planning and the present situation and development trend of the real estate market, the appraiser thinks that the best development plan of the land to be appraised is to build a 25,-square-meter building, in which the first and second floors are shopping malls with a floor area of 3, square meters, and the third and above floors are office buildings with a floor area of 1,9 square meters.

based on the relevant data, the appraiser obtained the following data through analysis and calculation:

(1) Will ... > >

Question 5: What is the conditional assumption of the business plan? The conditional assumption of the business plan is used to predict the investment benefit of the project, that is, the various assumptions required to predict the future income of the investment project for a certain period of time, such as five years. Common ones are:

capacity utilization rate, production and sales rate, credit rate, account period of accounts receivable, depreciation rate, expense rate, tax rate, etc.

Question 6: What are the assumptions of applying cost method, market method and income method in enterprise value evaluation? What are the assumptions of applying cost method, market method and income method in enterprise value evaluation?

The evaluation methods commonly used in enterprise value evaluation are market method and income method. According to the Asset Appraisal Criteria-Enterprise Value, the appraisal needs to select one or more asset appraisal methods according to the appraisal purpose, value type, data collection and other related conditions.

general assumptions of appraisal: 1. trading assumptions: it is assumed that all assets to be appraised are already in the process of trading, and the appraiser makes the appraisal according to the simulated market such as the trading conditions of assets to be appraised. 2. Open market hypothesis: Open market hypothesis refers to the market conditions for assets to enter and the method of assets' income in such a market. It refers to the general name of various evaluation methods to judge the value of assets by estimating the present value of the expected future income of the assets to be evaluated. He obeys the idea of seeking profit and capital in asset evaluation, that is, capitalization and discount are used to judge and estimate asset value.

the income method is a step of forecasting and determining parameters according to the determination of key parameters of the expected future income of assets. The working steps are: obtaining the financial forecast of the evaluated enterprise and analyzing it-calculating the expected future income for discount-calculating the discount rate-discounting the expected future income to calculate the value to be evaluated-evaluating non-operating assets and surplus assets.

under different assumptions, there are differences in the enterprise value evaluated by using the cost method:

(1) The evaluation of individual assets under the assumption of going concern should be based on the principle of contribution.

(2) The evaluation of individual assets under the assumption of non-sustainable operation shall be based on the principle of realization.

There are three prerequisites for using the cost method to evaluate the enterprise value:

First, the off-balance-sheet items of the target enterprise, such as management efficiency, self-created goodwill, sales network, etc., have negligible impact on the overall value of the enterprise;

Second, the market value of individual assets in the balance sheet can fairly and objectively reflect the value of the assessed assets;

thirdly, the price that investors are willing to pay for an asset will not exceed the cost of a substitute with the same purpose.

If the income method is selected for enterprise value evaluation, the following three preconditions should be met:

First, the price that the investor is willing to pay should not exceed the present value of the target enterprise converted according to the expected future income;

the second is the future profitability of the target enterprise.