At present, the traditional feeding method of bedding grass on the ground and free-range rearing outside the house is adopted, and the treatment of feces still stays in the traditional way of returning grass to the field. Duck manure containing bedding grass was fermented and then used as wax.
Fertilizer is applied to wheat fields or used as base fertilizer in rice fields.
Traditional methods of excrement disposal have brought many problems:
1, need a big yard;
2, need a lot of grass;
3, stinking, mosquitoes and flies breeding, polluting the air, affecting the epidemic prevention of duck farms;
4. Spraying duck manure seriously pollutes the surrounding area;
5. Increase the round-trip transportation volume of feces, which will affect the working efficiency;
6. Duck manure compost is a kind of high-quality farmland organic fertilizer, but the traditional treatment method makes it difficult to popularize the mechanical spreading technology of compost, which can not meet the needs of agricultural modernization.
If too much fertilizer is applied to nearby farmland for convenience, nitrate produced by nitrogen oxides in poultry will also cause water pollution. Therefore, large-scale poultry farms must have modern poultry manure treatment equipment and technology.
In recent years, there are many reports about poultry manure treatment at home and abroad, among which there are many successful examples. There are only three ways to treat poultry: as energy, feed and fertilizer. According to the determination, bird droppings contain nitrogen 1.64%, phosphorus 1.54% and potassium 0.85%, which is a kind of organic fertilizer with balanced nutrition and high content. It contains 25.5% of various organic substances and can be used as energy raw materials; It contains 7.94% crude protein, including 0. 1 1% methionine, 0.43% lysine and 0. 1% cystine, which can be used as feed.
For poultry processing in large-scale poultry farms, it is necessary to reform the traditional duck house facilities and feeding technology, increase the feeding density to realize intensive production, create conditions for mechanized collection of poultry manure, and improve economic benefits.
The way of reform can be envisaged as follows:
The first is to change open free-range farming outside the house into closed farming inside the house. It is convenient to collect duck manure in the shed, at the same time, it can reduce the treatment capacity of washing sewage and reduce the pollution to the environment.
Second, the feeding was changed from container feeding or running water feeding to all-round nipple drinking water. Keeping the water consumption of traditional feeding technology below 20%, keeping the house dry and reducing the water content of feces are important prerequisites for mechanized collection of duck feces.
Thirdly, the traditional grass-mat feeding is changed to the whole net feeding.
According to the actual situation of the farm, after the annual feeding of meat ducks in Daying Duck Company reaches100000, three schemes can be envisaged for the treatment of poultry manure.
Scheme 1: Used as raw material for biogas production.
Poultry manure has always been considered as a good raw material for biogas production. It is reported that biogas can be produced by 0.094-0. 1.25m3 per kilogram of poultry manure. Qianjin Farm is the largest biogas utilization unit in China, with 105 underground biogas fermentors and 2 ground tanks, with a tank capacity of 5756m3. 55 gas tanks,1100m3; The gas pipeline is 35KM, and the number of users reaches1620; Daily gas supply in summer is 1300m3, daily gas supply in winter is 1600m3, and annual gas supply is over 460,000m3 (excluding transmission loss). At present, the main raw material for gas production is citric acid leftovers, supplemented by cow dung and brewing slurry. At present, these raw materials are purchased from Nantong, Shanghai, Chongming and other places, and they cost more than 350,000 yuan every year, which is not a small burden in biogas production in farms, and they have repeatedly sought new ways for raw materials. The completion of one million meat duck farms will provide 5000 tons of clean duck manure, which is good news for our biogas project. According to the gas production per ton of duck manure1100m3, it can meet the gas demand of the whole site.
After biogas fermentation, duck manure can not only produce cheap and convenient energy-biogas, but also the residue after fermentation is a high-quality organic fertilizer.
Scheme 2: used as feed for aquaculture.
According to the practice of our aquatic team, adding a certain proportion of duck manure to grass, bream and carp can reduce the feed cost by about 30%. This is one of the simplest and most effective ways to reuse duck manure. The aquaculture water surface of our farm is 700 mu, and it is most suitable to apply poultry manure 1 ton per mu of fish pond every year, which can consume 14% of duck manure produced by millions of duck farms.
The third scheme: used as fertilizer.
Duck manure is a kind of high-quality fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can take effect quickly. It can improve soil, increase organic matter and improve soil fertility when used in farmland. Under the modern production conditions of farm planting, the technology to solve the problems of duck manure accumulation, crushing and mechanical spreading will have more obvious application prospects and effects. It is envisaged that pure duck manure collected regularly from duck farms will be transported to Tiantou yard, sealed with plastic film, fermented to kill flies, mechanically crushed before autumn sowing in summer sowing, and then spread in the field with a fertilizer applicator as the base fertilizer for rice and wheat. However, this scheme has not played a role of reuse.