The enrollment brochure of Whampoa Military Academy was also formed soon, as follows:
First, in order to train cadres and officers of the revolutionary army and complete the national revolution, our school constantly recruits new soldiers and conducts military preparatory education.
Second, the enrollment period is six months. After the expiration, those who pass the screening will be promoted to our school to study military art and graduate one year later.
Three, candidates must be in August 25th, holding three two-inch bust photos, technical secondary school or equivalent school diploma, and party card or letter of introduction from the local party department, respectively, to Guangzhou "China Kuomintang Central Executive Committee in the provincial office" and Shanghai "China Kuomintang Shanghai Executive Department" report (report to the party card, return the diploma after the exam).
4. The qualifications of candidates are as follows:
A. Age: 18 years old and under 25 years old.
B education: graduated from an old technical secondary school or a school equivalent to a technical secondary school.
C. Body: Good nutritional status, strong and hard-working, no eye diseases, hemorrhoids, lung diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and other diseases.
D. Thought: party member, the Kuomintang of China, can understand the necessity of completing the national revolution quickly, or have the possibility of accepting the Party's theory, have ideas that do not contradict the Party's theory, and have the introduction of party member, the Party.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) test type:
A, education test: according to the level of the old secondary school, ask questions and find answers in the notes.
B. Physical examination: the provisions on physical examination of paramilitary forces, including body length, vital capacity, weight, vision, hearing, etc.
C. Personality test: Observe the understanding and nature of the Three People's Principles, the inference of interest, personality, common sense and ability, and whether there is hope for future development by oral examination.
Six, Guangzhou candidates, no matter where they come to try, they are not admitted to Sichuan. Those admitted to Shanghai and Kaifeng will come to Guangdong for Sichuan capital.
After joining the team, clothing, books, food and pocket money will be provided by the school.
Eight, in addition to this short chapter, there are other detailed provisions on examination procedures, curriculum modulation, grades, etc.
Among the test types, different from the previous military school tests, there is also a personality test. The test method is an oral test, which aims to observe the degree and nature of the examinee's understanding of the Three People's Principles, the inference of interest, personality, common sense and ability, and whether there is hope for future development. Thus, the entrance examination of Whampoa Military Academy is different from other military schools. It greatly strengthens the control of candidates' thoughts, controls candidates with the theory of the Three People's Principles, makes candidates become followers of the Three People's Principles, and then joins the China Kuomintang. In addition, on the other hand, in order to recruit talents to the maximum extent, Huangpu Military Academy has also formulated an enrollment plan for all parts of the country, and allocated enrollment places according to provinces and armies. The state plans to enroll 324 students, including 50 students from three northeastern provinces, Jehol and Chahar; Zhili, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Sichuan, Huxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi 12, * * *168; The five armies of Hunan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Henan and Guangxi each15,75 * * *; There are 20 families of Kuomintang martyrs, with the remaining 1 1. In addition, 30 to 50 students will be enrolled. On March 1924 and 1 day, Sun Yat-sen formally appointed Chiang Kai-shek as the chairman of the entrance examination committee of Whampoa Military Academy, and Deng, Peng Sumin, Zheng Yan, Hu Shusen, Song Rongchang and Jane as the examination committee members. Approved by Sun Yat-sen,1On March 27th, 924, Huangpu Military Academy held its first entrance examination in Guangdong Normal University. The examination subject is composition, which requires candidates to discuss the causes of poverty and weakness in China and the good ways to save it. In addition, there are exams in subjects such as mathematics, history and geography. As many as 1200 students took the exam. Because there are many candidates with better academic performance, they should be admitted with grace. On April 28th 1924, the list was released. After strict examination, 1 * * enrolled 350 students and reserved more than 100 students.
The examination subjects are very comprehensive, including Chinese, Three People's Principles, Arithmetic, Modular Order, Practical Command (single coach, class coach) and Physical Fitness Examination. If you want to take the radio entrance exam, you must also be a graduate of Huangpu Military Academy. The experimental subjects include listening, physics, mathematics and English. With the increasing enrollment of Whampoa Military Academy, the types of entrance examinations are gradually changing. From then on, the entrance examination of Huangpu Military Academy was divided into two ways: walking examination and entrance examination. Examination subjects include tactics, weapons, fortification, topography, transportation, politics, mathematics, physics and chemistry, dictation and so on. "Gendarmerie Recruitment Guide" clearly requires candidates to have good physical characteristics, no hobbies, strong body, no hidden diseases, high school graduation (or high school equivalent), and fluency in arts and sciences. At the same time, it requires two China Kuomintang party member as referees.
Since then, the enrollment examination for students enlisted in the army has been organized more strictly and the procedures have been stricter. Candidates from Guangdong Province must register at the Recruitment Office of Zhaoqing Hall in Chang Di and the Establishment Office of Huangpu Military Academy. Candidates from other provinces must register with the provincial party departments, which will be remitted to the Central Party Department for consultation with the Whampoa Military Academy. At the same time, the candidates remitted by provincial party departments must be signed by more than three standing Committee members of the Ministry before they are valid. In terms of examination subjects, it is also a branch of arts and sciences, and liberal arts students should take Chinese, politics, history and geography; Science students should take exams in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, physics and chemistry. Even the physical examination is more scientific than before. After the physical examination, the military medical department must conduct a unified physical examination and divide the physical examination results into A, B, C and D ... Among them, those who are strong and disease-free are A; Strong body, skin disease, easy to treat for class B; Those with weak physical screening or hidden diseases are C and D, etc. A, B, etc. They are all qualified, as well as C, D and so on. Unqualified, will never be admitted. In order to improve the quality requirements for enlisted students, Whampoa Military Academy has also launched a "screening examination". In view of the uneven level of enlisted students in each team, it was decided that the instructor and the team leader would jointly issue the test questions, grade them according to the test results, and form another team. It is also required that "the team leader should take the monthly exam according to the table, especially pay attention to the character and fill in the exam language." Those with bad character, although long academic, do not take it. " However, with the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, the dictatorship of the Kuomintang has also intensified. The so-called "screening examination" has gradually become a tool for the Kuomintang to control the competition between students and various military factions. For example, 194 1 year, the "screening examination" held by the seventh branch of Lanzhou Huangpu Military Academy was mainly aimed at "greatly reducing the number of students in the 34th Army and the seventh branch". Yang Yanchang, a special correspondent from Bai Chongxi, then Minister of Military Training, was in charge of screening exams. He brought the exam questions. He finished five courses: Chinese, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Politics in one and a half days. After the results of the "Screening Examination" came out, more than 1 100 students eliminated by the former Fengxiang Corps were escorted to Fengxiang. This 1000 students no longer ask about food, clothing, housing and transportation. Some students even want to contact the chief to get clothes and quilts, but no one can ask. Its tragic situation is really pitiful.
1May 1924 to1July 1927, Huangpu Military Academy enrolled 6 students, totaling more than 20,000. They come from 26 provinces in China, and progressive young people from North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam and Singapore also come to study in Huangpu Military Academy. With the change of the national revolution, Whampoa Military Academy is also developing vigorously, with many branches established all over the country, and various changes have taken place in the entrance examination.
June 1 926165438+1October1The Admissions Committee of Wuhan Branch of Whampoa Military Academy was formally established, with Deng as the chairman and Guo Moruo, Peng Yilan, Wang Faqin, Yang Shusong, Wang Leping, Chen Gongbo, Zhan Dabei and Li as members. The Recruitment Committee has formulated a number of regulations, including the qualifications for taking the examination, quota control, local enrollment personnel and travel expenses, examination dates and subjects, marking of admission papers, admission standards, and relief for left-behind students. In addition to recruiting special commissioners in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shanghai, Fengtian and other places, it is also recognized that the party departments in Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Zhili, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Fengtian, Jehol and other places and the Korean YMCA recommend students to take the exam. In order to recruit ambitious young people more widely and advocate equality between men and women at the same time, the * * * production party and the left wing of the Kuomintang "discussed the establishment of a girls' team in military schools to recruit the first batch of girls, so that after graduation, they can receive formal military training like boys and serve as officers [27]". The entrance examination for Wuhan Branch is divided into initial examination and second examination. The three people's principles, Chinese, mathematics, Chinese and foreign history, natural history, physics and chemistry were first tested. The second exam is to test Chinese, the common sense and political knowledge of the party, and the body. Five initial tests and five re-tests. There were about 6,000 people in the initial test and 4,000 people in the second test, and finally 1 18 1 person was admitted, including 986 boys and 95 girls. Most boys are from Sichuan (207) and most girls are from Hunan (6 1). There are still some candidates who have not been accepted by Nanhu College Corps, a temporary political training class. At the end of March, 1927, 30 female students from Nanhu college corps were incorporated into the female team of the military academy, and the number was expanded to 2 13. It is the first time for Wuhan Branch to recruit female students, which is an innovative move in the entrance examination of Whampoa Military Academy, and it is also the first batch of female soldiers who received revolutionary education and military training in regular military and political schools in the history of China. In addition, judging from the native place of the students who are finally admitted, the entrance examination of Wuhan Branch clearly shows regional characteristics, that is, students from Sichuan and Hunan provinces adjacent to Hubei can "get the moon first by being close to the water", so the total number of students admitted is the largest among boys and girls.
Third, the in-depth description of history: the test memory of Huangpu teachers and students
The first entrance examination of Whampoa Military Academy allocated places all over the country, but most of them were under the control of local warlords. Therefore, the enrollment is divided into three times, that is, the initial test is conducted in the place where the enrollment is located, and the second test is conducted in other places after the primary election is qualified, and finally the general second test is conducted in Guangdong. All regions should also send special personnel to be responsible for the enrollment work. He Shuheng is in charge of Hunan's primary election and Mao Zedong is in charge of Shanghai's re-election. But at that time, Hunan was under the rule of warlord Zhao Hengti, so the entrance examination was conducted in secret. The next memory comes from a candidate who took the exam that year:
...... One night in March, I secretly went to Qingshuitang to apply for the exam, and only wrote an article entitled: "Try to explain my willingness to enter Huangpu Military Academy". I didn't take any other math and physics exams. A few days later, Comrade He Shuheng told me face to face that "you took it" and went to Qingshuitang to go through the formalities, fill out the form and collect the toll at night. He also asked me to hand over the night school teaching task attached to the primary school of No.1 Normal University to the surname Ge (the name has been forgotten). I went to Qingshuitang to go through the formalities, only to know that Hunan Province has taken fifteen places according to the regulations, and three are reserved. And charge us; This operation should be kept secret. After arriving in Hankou by train and ship, I went to Shanghai by boat to see Commissioner Mao. After arriving in Shanghai, Comrade Chen Wei and Zixuan Zhao and I handed him the official letter and list of the first-phase cadets admitted by the Hunan Party, and asked him to keep it. Commissioner Mao immediately told us that there were many candidates for the second interview and they were very serious. You should prepare for the second interview as soon as possible. I only know that arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, physics and chemistry have to be tested. (However, I only took one language in the initial test in Hunan, but I didn't take other courses). At the end of March, we took part in the re-examination of candidates in the Yangtze River valley and northern provinces, which was also conducted in secret. After the second interview in Shanghai, it is said that the students sent to Hunan have good ideas and articles, but only 8 students passed the subject. Those who are admitted to the Shanghai re-examination will be given travel expenses and certificates, and will be required to report to Guangzhou in April to participate in the national general re-examination. Results More than 360 students were enrolled, and 120 students were admitted, totaling more than 490 students. Through the memory of this witness, it is not difficult to see that the entrance examination conditions were difficult at that time, but the procedures were very strict. If you want to be admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy, you have to go through three selections: initial examination, second examination and general second examination, and you have to go to Hunan, Shanghai and Guangdong to take the examination. The students selected in this way are naturally excellent, and such a difficult and complicated exam memory will be deeply imprinted in the mind of the experiencer.
Xu and Du are both first-year students in Huangpu and the first generation of famous students trained by Huangpu. They also have a lot in common. They are all northerners, and they all learned about the enrollment of Huangpu Military Academy from New Youth magazine. They went from place to place on the way to the exam and went through hardships. Xu's impression of the initial examination is that "the conditions and procedures for taking the entrance examination are quite strict and many regulations have been made." Politically, it is necessary to "know the necessity of completing the national revolution quickly" and "have no thoughts that contradict the party's theory"; There are both written and oral tests. Written examination of composition, politics and mathematics; The oral examination examines students' understanding of the Three People's Principles and their personal interests, personality and judgment. His second interview results were mixed. Because he has read some articles in the newspaper and memorized some terms, his political examination results are good and his composition is ok, but mathematics is almost blank because there is no foundation. For Du, the entrance examination for Whampoa Military Academy is another memory. Du, Yan Maoyao, Guan, and other Shaanxi candidates came in a hurry. However, they still missed the exam time. Later, they actively contacted Yu Youren, a fellow villager in Shaanxi, and finally got his recommendation, so they were allowed to take the make-up exam. Because Sun Yat-sen wants to promote the national revolution, most of the young people who came to apply for the exam in the first phase were from the south, while fewer from the north. Therefore, the military academy attaches great importance to recruiting young people from the north, and has successively enrolled more than 20 candidates from Shanxi and Shaanxi, including Xu, Du, Yan Maoyao, Guan and others.