At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, a group of colorful artistic superstars rose in China painting and calligraphy art circle, which is the famous "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" in the history of painting. On the basis of inheriting the excellent tradition of ancient calligraphy and painting in China, they creatively developed China literati painting, actively advocated the comprehensive art of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing, created a brand-new painting style in China, and made new contributions to the development of China painting history. Among these famous stars, the brightest one should be Zheng Banqiao.

(1695 ——1765), whose name is Kerou, is from Banqiao. People from Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province. He was born in a declining scholarly family. He lost his mother since childhood and was brought up by a wet nurse. Father's inheritance (word Li 'an) was born in the county, and there were many apprentices at home. Banqiao studied with his father. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, Lu wrote lyrics with the Yi people. Around the age of 25, he got married and had children, and his father was old. In order to make a living, he set up a school in Zhijiang village of Zhou Zhen and worked as a teacher for three or four years. At the age of 30, my father died and life was even more difficult. The meager income from teaching is difficult to support the family, so I made a living by selling paintings and worked as a professional painter in Yangzhou for ten years. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1 752), Banqiao went to Nanjing to take the provincial examination and won a prize. In the first year of Qianlong (A.D. 736), Banqiao went to Beijing to take the exam, won the Jinshi, and specially wrote "Okra Stalagmite Map" to congratulate himself. In the spring of the seventh year of Qianlong (1 742), he served as the county magistrate of Fanxian County, Shandong Province. Five years later, he was transferred to wei county for seven years, serving as 1 2 county magistrate. According to historical records, when he was the magistrate of Fan and Wei, he had many benefits and won the support of the people. Zheng Banqiao is an incorruptible official with remarkable achievements.

Zheng Banqiao is good at drawing orchids, bamboo stones, interplanting plum blossoms and Gu Song. He is not only a famous painter, but also an excellent realistic poet. His calligraphy, unique and unique, is a rare treasure. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to call him "the three unique poems and books".

Zheng Banqiao's paintings have high artistic attainments, which mainly come from two aspects: First, he learned from the ancients, mainly from Xu Wei, Chen Chun, Shi Tao and Gao, but he did not stick to it, but learned and used it flexibly. He wrote an inscription in "Stone Map": "I have loved the paintings painted by Mr. Sonam and Chen all my life, and I have seen my son painting bamboo, or pressing or not pressing, or whole or broken, or finished or infinite, so I took the meaning and became a stone potential, and then added a seam. Although I have learned two books, pen and ink are also one breath. ...' get what he wants', which is the secret of his learning from the ancients. He strongly advocates learning painting. " Learn from intentions, not from signs, "learn half, stay half" and "don't live in the same house". Second, more is to learn from nature. He wrote an inscription in "Zhu Mo Map": "Where I painted bamboo, there is nothing to learn from. I got more from paper windows, white walls, sunshine and moon shadows. "He studies society and patriarchal nature, but he doesn't engage in pure naturalism. On the contrary, he collects information from nature, extracts the essence from the rough, and removes the false from the true. From this to that, he repeatedly analyzed and compared from the outside to the inside, found out the rules and then created them. At the same time, according to years of creative practice, he also summed up three different creative stages: having a clear mind, a clear mind and a clear hand. " "Bamboo in the Eyes" is an objective natural scene, an inspiration for observing and experiencing nature. "Bamboo in the Chest" is the conception of artistic creation, and bamboo in one hand is the realization of artistic creation. With the correct theoretical guidance, Zheng Banqiao created a large number of excellent works in his life, forming a fresh, elegant and vigorous artistic style, which made new contributions to the development of literati painting.

Zheng Banqiao painted ink bamboo, mostly for freehand brushwork. In one go. Life is strong, one branch and one leaf. Whether it's dead bamboo, single bamboo or bamboo in the wind. Bamboo in the rain is full of wonderful changes. For example, the height of bamboo is strewn at random, the shade is dry and glorious, and the dyeing is exquisite. The painting style is beautiful, ultra-dusty and refined, giving people a unique feeling. He self-titled "Ink Bamboo Map": "Those who are inside the paper have those who are outside the paper. This time, there are more bamboo poles than bamboo leaves, and those who show frost hide outside the paper!

He added: "Literature and painting are well thought out; Zheng Banqiao paints bamboo, but he doesn't know what to do. The so-called Weichuan thousand acres are also in the chest; Banqiao has accomplished nothing, such as lightning and thunder, and everything is angry. If not, it will cover Dahua's popularity. The way is like this, it is possible, and the Banqiao is not. It is one or two solutions. " In fact, there is no contradiction between Banqiao's "clear thinking" and literature's "clear thinking". Zheng Banqiao noticed that ideas should be combined with skilled skills before creation, but this kind of freehand brushwork painting is different from literature and highly realistic ink painting in terms of techniques, that is, freehand brushwork and realism, abstraction and concreteness, similarity and similarity. What is particularly striking is that Zheng Banqiao's bamboo paintings also pay attention to the organic combination of painting and calligraphy. "It is represented by cursive vertical and long strokes." He said, "Calligraphy is wired, bamboo is wired, calligraphy has shades, bamboo has shades, books have density, and bamboo has density." Because of this, people can appreciate it from his calligraphy and painting. The grotesque stones painted by Zheng Banqiao are outlined first, and then slightly scratched or brushed, but they are never painted and shaped like stalagmites. They are very strong and go straight into the sky, and often bamboo and stone intersect, giving people a feeling of "tough", "uninhibited" and "full of fun and smoke" Banqiao painted orchids in the suburbs, mostly orchids in Shan Ye. Use cursive brushstrokes to describe the brilliant nature of orchids and draw flowers like butterflies. The brushwork is free and easy, very interesting and innovative.

Zheng Banqiao's paintings are unique in composition and eclectic. Some towering, some plain and naive. For example, some of his orchids are born on cliffs and some are born on the banks of thorns on flat slopes, which are full of vitality and interesting. There are not only perfect artistic forms, but also rich and profound ideological contents. He said: "I paint orchids, bamboos and stones to comfort the working people in the world, not for the safety of the world." In the era of feudal autocracy, these thoughts with "labor" as the core all sparkled with the spark of democratic thought. He also wrote an inscription in the "Bamboo Stone Map": "Yazhai lies listening to the rustling bamboo, which is suspected to be the voice of the people's suffering." The author thinks of the people's sufferings from the rustling bamboo leaves, which shows that the author really sympathizes with the thoughts and feelings of the lower classes. He painted unknown thorns and elegant orchids together, and wrote an inscription in the painting: "All paintings are gentlemen, and then the thorns end, why?" A gentleman can tolerate a villain, but he can't be a gentleman without a villain. The orchids in his spine are more lush. "The thorn bush Lan Tu" is "people-oriented". The idea of "respecting the monarch" is obvious. He is dissatisfied with reality and cynical. He wrote an inscription in Plum Blossom Map: "I have never painted plum blossoms in my life, and I didn't know that Chu Shi's family was in a lonely mountain. Painting plum and bamboo today, my heart is full of gloom. " He wrote a poem "Mozi Tu": "Last night, the autumn wind crossed Xiaoxiang, and I touched the stone over the forest. Only bamboo branches are not afraid, but there are thousands of fights. " He compared the tenacity of bamboo to the tenacious spirit of fighting against the old forces. The title of his "Rare Confusion" is widely circulated, which not only contains profound philosophy, but also shows the author's resentment against the darkness of officialdom.

In addition to calligraphy and painting, Zheng Banqiao also has a deep research on poetry, ci, songs, fu and ditty, especially his poems, which have high artistic attainments and occupy an important position in the poetry circle of Qing Dynasty. Zheng Banqiao's poems got rid of the shackles of some poems in the early Qing Dynasty, inherited the excellent tradition of realism in The Book of Songs and Du Fu's poems in the Tang Dynasty, and had democratic ideological content and beautiful forms of expression. Zheng Banqiao's representative works, Harsh Officials, Lynching Evil, Escape from Famine, Returning Home and Homesickness, are all works that actively care about the country and people.