Nelson Nelson Rolirala Mandela (full name: 19 18) was born in transkei in July 18. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Africa and a lawyer from the University of Witwatersrand. He was the national secretary and chairman of the Youth League of the African National Congress. He was the first black president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was honored as the father of South Africa.
Why is Mandela respected?
According to Machiavelli's view expressed in The Prince, people should not stick to general ethical standards when evaluating political figures, but should look at whether what he does is beneficial to the interests of the country. For the sake of the survival and interests of the country, even if politicians do some behaviors that violate moral standards, it is ok.
This statement applies to many politicians, but not to former South African President nelson mandela, because Mandela is a rare great man in terms of general moral standards or political achievements. Mandela is not only a great politician, but also has a very noble character.
Mandela's father is a chief. Accurately speaking, his father is only an adviser to a chief, but his father is descended from the royal family of Tambu. Because of this family background, Mandela received a good education from an early age and completed his bachelor's degree. When he was young, Mandela took an active part in the political struggle against apartheid. In order to master legal knowledge and skills, Mandela, as the only black student, enrolled in the Law Department of the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa. However, due to frequent participation in political struggles, he failed to pass the law degree examination many times. 1952 mandela was arrested by the authorities for the first time. Party member, an ANC, was charged with "legal crime of productism" and imprisoned for 9 months. This is just a "small cold dish" in Mandela's imprisoned life. 1956 12 mandela was arrested for the third time and was imprisoned for five years this time.
1962 mandela was arrested again. Before his arrest, he was already the most wanted man in South Africa. Mandela was convicted of "treason" and sentenced to life imprisonment. Since then, he has been imprisoned for 27 years. Some people say that decades of imprisonment have tempered Mandela's current qualities-tolerance and generosity. This is how great men are made. Mandela spent the longest time and the worst prison was the notorious Robben Island prison. Mandela has been afraid of flashing lights since he got out of prison because he was stabbed in the eye by white lime when he was enslaved in the lime field on the island. Now this island has become a famous tourist attraction. From the mountainside of Table Mountain in Cape Town, you can clearly see the whole picture of Robben Island, which is only a few kilometers away from Puton. It's a pity that I couldn't visit.
What moved Mandela was not how he fought, but his charm and belief. Tolerance and forgiveness are Mandela's first personality. The arrest of 1962 is actually an internal traitor. He knew that the police could not recognize him so accurately, so he arrested him, but he never pursued it. Talking about this matter, he only said that he was too careless. Because of his noble character, the keeper Gregory was also influenced by him and eventually became his protector, friend and follower. When the guard first came to Robben Island, Mandela politely said to him, "Good morning, welcome to Robben Island." During several detention transfers, he had a chance to escape, but he didn't. He believes that when others trust themselves, they must also be worthy of this trust.
Mandela advocated winning political struggle through non-violent means. He advocated and insisted on forgiving all those enemies who practiced apartheid. For this reason, he won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with then white President De Klerk. 1994, the ANC won the general election and Mandela became president. However, he did not retaliate against white law enforcement officers, police and guards who suppressed and persecuted blacks, but demanded that all whites and blacks who committed criminal offences surrender within a time limit, and all those who surrendered themselves were pardoned, thus avoiding a large-scale civil war and realizing the reconciliation of racial conflicts in South Africa.
Mandela's Political Contribution and Influence
★ Resist the apartheid system
In South Africa, Mandela is the father of national unity and has indisputable political authority. In the arduous and long struggle against apartheid, Mandela adhered to the belief of national liberation in Africa, advocated racial reconciliation and established a new South Africa with equality and freedom. He led the South African people in a long and unremitting struggle and was imprisoned by the white authorities in South Africa for 27 years, becoming the most famous political prisoner in the world.
★ Establish a unified South Africa
1May 1994 10, Mandela became the first president of the new South Africa. How to build a racially antagonistic and socially divided South Africa into a unified country is a test for the new government. Because the ANC adhered to the reconciliation policy, under the leadership of Mandela, the new South Africa avoided racial vendetta and social unrest, and achieved a smooth political and economic transition, which was recognized by the international community as a miracle of social change. Among them, Mandela's cohesion and charisma played a great role, especially in wooing and appeasing the white conservative forces, so that the white people in South Africa gradually accepted the new system from resistance. Although Mandela pointed out in his opening speech to the South African Parliament in February that 1999 South Africa is still a morbid society in many aspects, because racial factors will still play a long-term role in South Africa's political and economic life, tolerance and sharing have become the mainstream of national consciousness, and it is becoming a public practice to strive for their respective interests through democracy and the legal system.
★ Global petition activities
Since Mandela's imprisonment, people have been protesting to the South African government and demanding that it release Mandela imprisoned in prison.
★ Gullit presented the Golden Globe Award.
Gullit, a famous Dutch black star whose ancestral home is Surinam, suffered racial discrimination. After Gullit won the European Golden Globe Award in 1987, he carved nelson mandela's name on the Golden Globe trophy to support Mandela who was still in prison.
★ Everyone loves everyone.
1994 65438+In mid-February, the opening ceremony of the 49th National Congress of the ANC. The meeting was held in bloemfontein, the capital of South African justice, and the venue was arranged at bloemfontein University. More than 3000 representatives from different races, tribes and regions attended the meeting.
The opening ceremony of the conference was held in the school gymnasium. When Mandela appeared on the rostrum full of energy and smiling, the audience was full of joy, cheering and shouting "Mandela" and "Mandela", like waves of heat waves stirring the whole stadium, applause and cheers lasted for a long time. Mandela waved frequently and delivered a keynote speech amid the cheers of the masses, explaining that the new South African government will build South Africa with the reconstruction and development plan and solve the problems of housing, water and electricity, education and employment that the broad masses of people care about.
At the end of the opening ceremony, Mandela was surrounded by the crowd, and the delegates rushed to shake hands with their beloved leaders. The boiling scene lasted for half an hour.
★ Mandela Fund
1995 "mandela children's fund" was established. At first, its purpose was to help South African children and young people in difficulties and help them solve their urgent needs. Later, it turned to focus on development, including changing the way society treats children and young people. Mandela paid special attention to the education of children and young people.
In 2004, Mandela Foundation, UNESCO and Hamburg Association jointly launched the international campaign of "Sponsoring African Children's Schools", aiming at providing high-quality schools for African children, paying special attention to vulnerable children such as girls and orphans. Mandela believes that "education is the road to freedom, democracy and development." Therefore, he hopes that every child in Africa can go to school and raise money for this campaign. On June 1 2004, before Mandela announced his retirement from public activities, he also attended the unveiling ceremony of a school in the black town of Soweto. These 24 classrooms can accommodate 688 students and are one of the 140 schools funded by Mandela.
★ Mandela International Day
On June 5438+065438+1October1day, 2009, the 64th UN General Assembly passed a resolution to designate nelson mandela's birthday, July 18, as Mandela International Day in recognition of his "contribution to peace and freedom".
★ South Africa hosts the World Cup
In 2004, in the hosting statement of the World Cup in South Africa, Mandela, then 85, said emotionally, "When I was locked up in Robben Island, the only way for me to get in touch with the World Cup was to listen to the radio, which was my only pleasure." Later, some media reported that perhaps because of this sentence, those opponents all voted for South Africa, so today's World Cup in South Africa came into being.
At the opening ceremony, South African President Zuma paid tribute to former President Mandela, saying that the first World Cup held on the African continent should be attributed to Mandela: "It is because of Mandela's hard work that we won the right to host this World Cup, and we should owe this World Cup to him."
Mandela's personal honor
1983 and 1985, Mandela was awarded the Simon Bolivar International Award by UNESCO and the Third World Award by the Third World Social and Economic Research Foundation.
199 1 year, UNESCO awarded Mandela the Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize.
1992 10 visited China for the first time, and was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by Peking University on 5th.
1993 10 10 In October, the Nobel Peace Committee awarded him the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his contribution to abolishing the racial discrimination policy in South Africa.
In the same year, he was awarded the Philadelphia Medal of Freedom with then South African President De Klerk.
Mandela visited the United States in September 1998 and won the "Congressional Gold Award" in the United States, becoming the first African to win the highest award in the United States.
In August 2000, he was awarded the "Kama" medal by the Southern African Development Community in recognition of his outstanding contributions during his long-term struggle for freedom, the peaceful transition of old and new South Africa and his chairmanship of the Southern African Development Community.
At the end of March, 2004, the 6-meter-high statue of Mandela was completed in the Thornton Commercial Center Square in Johannesburg, which was also renamed as Mandela Square.
In April 2005, Mr. and Mrs. Mandela won the "Friends of the World Award" selected by millions of children all over the world. [22]
In July 2009, the Foreign Ministers' Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement issued a statement supporting the designation of July 18 as Mandela Day.
On June 2, 2009, 165438+ Sweden's "World Award for Children's Rights" foundation announced that Mandela and his wife Machel were elected as "Children's Rights Heroes of the Decade".
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