Old story of lotus pond

I. Introduction to the author

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Huazi, was called Qiushi. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 1898 Donghai County, Jiangsu Province. 1903 lives in Yangzhou with my family, so I call myself "I am from Yangzhou". 19 16 after graduating from high school, he was admitted to the preparatory class of Peking University, changed to "self-clearing" the following year, and was admitted to the undergraduate philosophy department. For the next five years, I taught in middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

During college, Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems, and the long poem "Destruction" published by 1923 had a great influence on the poetry circle at that time. 1929 published the poetry collection Trace, and 1925 became a professor of Tsinghua University. His writing turned to prose, and at the same time he began to study classical literature. 1928 published the first collection of essays "Back" and became a famous prose writer in the literary world.

On August 1948, Zhu Ziqing died in Beijing. His life is not only a writer, a scholar, but also a democracy fighter. After his death, he edited and published Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing (four volumes) and Selected Poems of Zhu Ziqing.

Second, is there a cicada singing on the moonlit night?

"Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" wrote that the author heard cicadas singing while walking in the lotus pond under the moon.

"At this time, the most lively is the cicada in the tree and the frog in the water; ……"

Later, a man named Chen Shaobai wrote to Zhu Ziqing, saying that cicadas would not call at night. Zhu Ziqing asked several people for this, and they all thought Chen's handwriting was good. In order to further clarify the problem, Zhu Ziqing went to consult his colleague Professor Liu Chongle, an entomologist in Tsinghua University. Liu Chongle extracted a passage from another person's book and sent it to Zhu Ziqing. This passage says that there are cicadas on a moonlit night, but the author also said that cicadas don't call at ordinary nights, but at that moonlit night. In this way, after careful consideration, Zhu Ziqing regarded the words of "several people" as "objective reality" and the words heard by the author as "exceptions". As for the description in his article, he thinks it is a "memory error". Therefore, Zhu Ziqing wrote a letter to Chen Shaobai, expressing his thanks, and cautiously suggested that the sentence of cicada singing on a moonlit night should be deleted in the later version of the prose collection "Back" (containing the article "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond").

After a while, Chen Shaobai published an article in "New Life" to discuss this issue again, and involved a poem "Gexi Tie" written by Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty, because this poem also described the cicada singing on a moonlit night. Just after this discussion, Zhu Ziqing heard the cicada singing on the moonlit night twice. "It's the same as the place described in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond." Zhu Ziqing was particularly impressed by this because he "had problems in his heart". I just wrote an article entitled "Chanting on a Moonlit Night" and answered it publicly. From these twists and turns, it can be seen that Zhu Ziqing is extremely serious and responsible in writing articles, and he is absolutely unambiguous.

Zhu Ziqing also learned a deeper lesson from this incident. In the article he answered, he said with deep feelings: "We often make general inferences from common experience. For example, from the fact that cicadas don't bark at some nights, cicadas don't bark at all nights. So I believe this inference is true. This is just prejudice. This prejudice is enough to make us ignore new and different experiences or give distorted explanations. My own presence here is an interesting example. " This passage by Zhu Ziqing is meaningful. It tells us that rash inference will make people mistake preconceptions for truth and hinder us from gaining new experience and accepting new knowledge. This kind of experience and understanding has gone far beyond the discussion of whether there are cicadas on a moonlit night.

Three. Sunset in the Lotus Pond —— In memory of Mr. Zhu Ziqing

August this year 12 (1978) is the 30th anniversary of Mr. Zhu Ziqing's death. In memory of him, Tsinghua University named the ancient pavilion beside the pool of "Shui Mu Tsinghua" as "Ziqing Pavilion". It stands beside the "Wen Guan" in memory of Mr. Wen Yiduo on a nearby hillside. Two old professors, Zhu and Wen, are patriotic intellectuals and are praised as "national heroes" by comrades.

The name "Ziqingge" reminds me of the lotus pond in Tsinghua campus at the beginning of liberation. In order to commemorate him, a grass pavilion named "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" was built. The grass pavilion was demolished because it was worn out, but what about the lotus pond?

Summer dusk is just a shower. After the rain stopped, I strolled to the lotus pond. The lotus pond is green, mixed with lotus flowers, and the breeze sends bursts of fragrance.

I remembered Zhu Ziqing's essay Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, which I read in middle school. Before liberation, when I was studying in Tsinghua, I found the Lotus Pond written by Mr. Zhu, that is, the Lotus Pond. When I went to see it, it turned out to be just a stagnant pool, with several trees hanging down and falling leaves and flowers. There is also an island in the middle of the pond. The island is overgrown with shrubs and thorns, and occasionally one or two rabbits emerge from the oblique thorns, which is called a desert island.

When Zhu Ziqing wrote Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, it was "gloomy and a little scary", and "fewer people walked during the day, and more lonely at night". The first sentence of this article is: "My heart is quite uneasy these days", and this lonely and quiet moonlight on the lotus pond has just become a temporary "freedom" and "solitude" place for him to "think about nothing".

Although I was a student of the Institute of Technology at that time, out of my love for literature and art and admiration for Mr. Zhu, I always squeezed in to listen to the progressive literary activities on the campus of Tsinghua. Zhu Ziqing often attends literary evenings and gives speeches. At this time, he is no longer a handsome poet in my imagination, but a thin old man with crutches. But it looks good. He determined the direction of progress and proposed to be a "downward" intellectual, that is, an intellectual close to workers and peasants. He took the lead in issuing a peace declaration against the civil war of the Kuomintang, signing a declaration against the Kuomintang reactionaries seizing students for human rights, drafting a declaration on teachers' strike, and often holding crutches to collect signatures. But seeing the sun, though it is brilliant, why is it melancholy at dusk? His poem, which is used to describe his own situation, shows that Zhu Ziqing in his later years is really not the sentimental and withdrawn Zhu Ziqing when he wrote Moonlight on the Lotus Pond.

Zhu Ziqing wrote a poem "Mr. Yiwanduo", calling Wen Yiduo "a fire". So, what should Mr. Ziqing compete with? His personality is very different from Wen Yiduo's, perhaps it is a pool of clear water. Although it is clear water, it sometimes makes waves and even rolls up thousands of piles of snow. Isn't it? You see, in the "November 29th" movement, he followed the student parade in Tsinghua into the city. In the "November 21st" movement, he went to the mourning hall to pay tribute to four martyrs. When Wen Yiduo was killed, he risked his life and made a speech at the memorial service of people from all walks of life in Chengdu. He would rather starve to death than accept "relief food" from America. He wrote in his diary: "This matter will cost 6 million French francs a month, which will greatly affect my family, but I am still determined to sign it ... Although this is only a spiritual protest, I should never shirk my personal responsibility." On his deathbed, he repeatedly told his family not to buy "relief flour" that betrayed the souls of China people. ...

Wandering around the pond, the ups and downs of Tsinghua campus in recent years are even more disturbing. From Zhu Ziqing's poems, I thought of Ye Shuai's "Ode to the old and strong at dusk, and the green hills shine everywhere. These two poems reflect the lofty aspirations of the older generation of revolutionaries in China. I think this also reflects the mood of the old intellectuals today. And Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. It's time to turn over a new chapter.

(Excerpted from Guangming Daily)

IV. Reference Translation of Picking Lotus (Luoding V)

Beautiful teenagers, beautiful girls and soul mates come to pick lotus. The snipe turns its bow, exchanges cups and often laughs to spread love. The paddle gently shook the grass and tripped, and the duckweed at the bow separated. The girl is slim and wears a white silk coat with a thin waist. Love is inseparable, and I can't bear to look back. This is a good season in late spring and early summer, and the flowers in Ye Er are just in full bloom. Laugh at the water, for fear that water drops will splash your clothes. Suddenly I felt the boat leaning, so I quickly put away my silk skirt.

Demonstration lesson plan

Lotus pond moonlight

Teaching objectives

First, the goal of knowledge education

1. Grasp the characteristics of lyrical prose.

2. Learn the author's language skills: skillfully use metaphors and synaesthesia, and carefully choose verbs and reduplications.

Second, the ability training objectives

1. Train the overall ability to perceive and think about language.

2. Improve the ability to understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article.

3. Improve the ability to appreciate the artistic conception of blending scenes.

Third, the goal of moral education infiltration.

1. Cultivate students' healthy aesthetic taste.

2. Guide students to pay attention to society and pursue their ideals.

Teaching suggestion

First of all, the teaching focus of this paper should be on structural arrangement, landscape writing level and language application skills.

Second, this article has exquisite language and vivid scenery. It is necessary to strengthen reading training so that students can be naturally infected and appreciate the charm of the article.

The language in this paper is simple, typical and poetic, which is the focus and difficulty of teaching. It is necessary to guide students to learn the author's clever use of metaphor and synaesthesia, and carefully select the expression skills of verbs and reduplications.

solution

1. Introduce the writing background of the text and the author's mood at that time.

2. Guide students to taste the key sentences that express the author's emotional tone and emotional development.

3. Guide students to appreciate the characteristics of the scenery described in this article and understand the thoughts and feelings of the host.

4. The rhetorical method of synaesthesia. When students are in contact for the first time, they can talk about some knowledge in combination with exercises, and if necessary, they can carry out some exercises.

Teaching essentials

Explain Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, find out the source of the author's writing, describe the characteristics of the lotus pond in moonlight, and the relationship between environmental description and expressing feelings. Guide students to learn from the author's skillful use of metaphor and synaesthesia, and carefully select verbs and reduplicated words.

Teaching time

One class hour

Teaching content and steps

1. Solution: Moonlight on the Lotus Pond (with some blackboard writing attached, the same below) is one of Zhu Ziqing's early prose works. The lotus pond refers to the lotus pond in the Tsinghua campus of Tsinghua University, Beijing, where the author teaches, indicating the specific place that the author wants to describe. Moonlight is the center of the article and the harmonious and quiet realm that the author yearns for and pursues.

In his youth, Zhu Ziqing participated in the May 4th Movement, longing for the October socialist revolution in Russia, and later devoted himself to the struggle against the northern warlords. 1927, Chiang Kai-shek defected to the revolution, the China revolution was at a low ebb, and Zhu Ziqing was depressed. He is not only dissatisfied with reality, but also afraid to throw himself into the fiery revolutionary struggle, so he uses scenery to relieve his anguish. The depressed mood of hating reality and wanting to find a quiet place reflected in this article was very representative among some upright intellectuals at that time.

Second, students read the text silently, refer to "exercises" 1, and get a preliminary understanding of the meaning of the article.

Third, the teacher reads the text first, corrects the pronunciation and explains the words.

Fourth, clarify the paragraphs of the full text. Teacher's summary: The full text is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph, 1 natural paragraph, explains why the writer went to the lotus pond to watch the moonlight in the dead of night. The second section (2-6 Nature Festival) is the main body of the full text, which describes the charming and quiet moonlight of the lotus pond in detail and expresses the author's faint joy and sadness. The third paragraph (the last two natural paragraphs) describes the custom of picking lotus in Jiangnan, and expresses the author's yearning for a better life with Jiangnan feelings. The full text has complete structure, close connection with nature, and organic combination of scenery writing and lyric.

5. Read the first paragraph.

(1) Read the name out loud.

(2) Question: Why does the author miss the lotus pond? What's the use of leaving home and being immersed in silence?

Teachers and students talk together, pay attention to the word "suddenly".

When the moon rises, the children's laughter can't be heard on the road, and the wife pats and jumps and gradually falls asleep. The surroundings have calmed down, and I could have thought about some problems. However, many things linger in my mind and I can't sort them out. I suddenly remembered the lotus pond. The author went to the lotus pond to relieve my inner troubles and find a moment's peace of mind.

The first sentence is the "literary eye" of the full text, just like the main theme of a piece of music, echoing in the whole song.

6. Read the second paragraph:

(1) ask questions. What clues did this paragraph follow? The students answered, and the teacher inferred that this paragraph was written according to the author walking in the lotus pond. According to the author's activities and the shift of sight, the beautiful scenery of the lotus pond on a moonlit night is displayed in layers to express the author's feelings.

Path (Part II)-Lotus Pond (Part IV)-Moonlight (Part V)-Trees around the Lotus Pond (Part VI)

Walking-thinking (clues) (written on the blackboard)

(2) Read Section 2:

The article first writes about the only way to the lotus pond. Q: What are the characteristics of this road? The students answered, and the teacher concluded: The author grasped the characteristics of winding paths and many tree paths (blackboard writing), among which seclusion was the main one. Many twists and turns are important conditions for seclusion. The path is built along the lotus pond and bends with the lotus pond in a zigzag state. Many trees are lush and more hidden.

The article sets off the beauty of the path under the moon in a comparative way. See how the author compares.

Compare the day (few people walk), ordinary night (more lonely) and moonless night (gloomy) with today's pale moon, write a hazy and poetic scenery, and point out "moonlight" for the first time.

(3) Read Section 3:

Question: In this section, what does the author feel when he goes to the lotus pond? What is the specific content of this feeling?

The students answered. Teacher's summary: Let the students underline the sentence "Like tonight, …… can be ignored now". This is the specific content of the author's feelings. The author feels that he has become a free man in this isolated environment. In this environment, you don't have to do anything against your will, and you can be free and abandon the noise and troubles in the world. Connecting with the writing background of the article, we can understand this feeling, express the author's yearning for a free and quiet life and his dissatisfaction with the reality of the dark society, and further point out the reasons for the night outing.

(4) Read Section 4:

Recite the fourth paragraph of the text and discuss the following questions.

(1) What is the order of the Lotus Pond Scenery under the Moon written by the author? What are the characteristics?

Always write lotus pond first, and then write leaves, lotus flowers, lotus fragrance, lotus waves and running water. Fixed-point observation, from near to far, top to bottom, first static and then dynamic.

(2) Appreciating scenery features and language skills

Lotus pond twists and turns, overlapping words, highlighting the breadth.

The overlapping words used in the lotus leaf field highlight the density.

Like a graceful dancer's skirt, it uses metaphor to write quietness and writes the charm of Gao Yuanyuan.

Lotus is graceful, anthropomorphic, gentle and beautiful, and full of flowers.

A shy, anthropomorphic and beautiful form in bud.

Pearl is a metaphor for glittering and translucent flash and soft dark moonlight.

Metaphorically speaking, the stars are shining and the moonlight is soft.

Beauty, metaphor, spotless beauty

The faint songs on the high-rise buildings in the distance are fragrant and synaesthesia, resorting to olfactory images to auditory images, which are intermittent, faint and ethereal, refreshing, expanding the artistic conception and setting off the elegant and quiet environment. This is the unique feeling of being alone on a moonlit night.

Tramp lightning, metaphor, outstanding speed

Better write than move.

Flowing water is personified, silent and affectionate.

(3) Summing up the overall characteristics of the lotus pond under the moon, the feelings entrusted are quiet, and the feelings entrusted are faint joy.

(5) Read Section 5:

Recite the fifth paragraph of the text and discuss the following questions.

(1) In what ways does this passage describe the moonlight in the lotus pond?

Write moonlight first, then moon shadow, and finally light and shadow.

(2) What verbs did the author choose to describe moonlight? What are the benefits?

"Xie" takes care of the metaphor of "running water" in "moonlight is like running water", enhances the sense of movement, and shows the brilliance and unobstructed view.

"Floating", the water vapor rises slowly, diffuses slowly, the static scene writes the moving scene, and the moonlight sets off "blue mist", showing the hazy and elegant moonlight.

The metaphor of "washing" and "milk" comes from the word "diarrhea" above. A word "washing" means that the moonlight is white, soft and bright.

The metaphor of "cage" and "dream" comes from the word "floating" above. A word "cage" shows the graceful beauty of leaves and flowers in the moonlight, which sets off the obscurity and softness of the moonlight.

(3) What is the reason for the dim and soft moonlight? What is the metaphor of "sound sleep"? What is the metaphor of "taking a nap"? Why does the author say "this is just a benefit"?

The reason is that there is a faint cloud in the sky. "A deep sleep" is a metaphor for bright light, and "a nap" is a metaphor for faint clouds covering the artistic conception of the full moon. This hazy and gentle calm is exactly the state of mind of the cooperators at this time, so it is said that "it is just interest."

(4) Why did the author write the moon shadow again? Which verb is used skillfully?

There are lush trees around the lotus pond. The moon shadow is a scene in the scene. The moonlight on the pond and the moon shadow in the pond complement each other, which can make the moonlight more subtle.

A word "painting" is exquisitely used, as if there is an invisible hand on the paper, which is full of interest and shows the author's love.

(5) What rhetorical methods are used to write light and shadow? What are the benefits?

Metaphor and synaesthesia are used. Turn the visual image into the auditory image, the light and shadow of black and white blocks seem to turn into lively and jumping notes, and the static state into the dynamic state, which is vividly written. The harmonious distribution of light and shadow is in harmony with the beauty, melody and harmony of famous songs, which expands the artistic conception.

(6) What is the general feature of this paragraph describing the moonlight in the lotus pond? What kind of thoughts and feelings does the author have?

Hazy harmony embodies the author's faint joy.

7. Read the last two paragraphs. The association caused by the night tour of the lotus pond, the description of picking lotus in ancient poems and the nostalgia for the beautiful life in the south of the Yangtze River show the author's dissatisfaction with the lonely and lifeless environment in front of him, and further show the author's inner injustice and yearning for a bright and beautiful life. Ending the full text in homesickness.

Eight, writing characteristics:

The language in this article is simple and elegant, accurate and vivid, and full of charm. How does the author make the language express so beautifully?

(1) The author carefully chooses appropriate verbs to make the language accurate and appropriate and create vivid artistic conception.

(2) The author is good at using reduplication to vividly describe the characteristics of things, strengthen the tone, stretch the literary atmosphere, increase the beauty of phonology and deepen the appearance of things.

(3) The author is good at using rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification and synaesthesia to make the language vivid and create a fascinating artistic conception.

Nine, summarize the central idea. Let the students sum up and the teacher sum up. From the description of the moonlight beauty of the lotus pond, the author reveals his dissatisfaction with the reality of the dark society and his yearning for a better life.

Summary and expansion

To understand the author's thoughts and feelings, we must be good at grasping the feelings contained in the author's scenery description. To appreciate the author's scenery description, we should be good at analyzing the level of scenery description, the effect caused by the skills of scenery description, savoring the characteristics of scenery, and finally boil down to aesthetic characteristics.

After class, I read another essay by Zhu Ziqing, Green, to understand the thoughts and feelings contained in plum rain pool's green, and compare them with those expressed in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond.

arrange work

To write an essay with a blend of scenes and situations, we need to use metaphor and synaesthesia, and we should make great efforts in the choice of verbs and reduplications.

Attachment: blackboard design

Lotus pond moonlight

Zhu ziqing

The skirt with flounces is very beautiful

Lotus is like a star.

The Dynamic Beauty of "Lotus Fragrance" from "Lotus Pond Song under the Moon"

Leaves tremble like electricity.

"Wave" condenses static beauty.

Running water with feelings

A beautiful moonlight night

The mist is like a yarn, and the front is mainly

Moonlight is embedded in the pond, and the lotus pond is like a dream.