1. The translation of Jun Buyi, courtesy name Manqian, in classical Chinese, with answers

Translation:

Jun Buyi, courtesy name Manqian, is from Bohai County . He once studied "Spring and Autumn" and became the literary official of Bohai County. He must act according to etiquette in every move and is famous throughout Bohai County.

In the last years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, thieves from Bohai County swarmed out, and their violent victory was directed at the envoys. They wore embroidered clothes and held axes to guard the ceremonial festival. They hunted down the rebellious thieves and urged Bohai County to pay taxes and move eastward. All the way to the Bohai Sea, anyone who disobeyed orders would be punished according to military law, and the power shook Bohai County. After a sudden victory, he heard that Jun Buyi was a virtuous man. When he arrived at Bohai County, he sent officers to invite Jun Buyi to meet him. Jun Busuo wore a Jinxian hat, a sword, a jade ring, loose clothes, a long belt, and went to the gate of Baosheng in full dress to pay his respects. The guard guarding the gate wanted him to take off the sword on his waist. Jun Buyi said: "The sword is the weapon of a virtuous person. It is used to defend oneself. It cannot be taken off. Please stand down." The guard reported a violent victory. Baoshengzhi opened the door to welcome Jun Buyi. From a distance, he saw that Jun Buyi looked very noble and solemn, and was dressed very grandly. Baoshengzhi quickly stood up to greet him. After sitting down in the hall, Jun Buyi put his hands on the ground and said respectfully: "I live by the sea. I have heard about your reputation as a violent young master for a long time, and I am lucky enough to see you now. Any official who is too strong will be punished. Frustration; if you are too soft, you will be dismissed. You should use favors to promote prestige, and then build up your own achievements and spread your reputation. In this way, you can enjoy the emperor's salary forever. "Junyi knows that sudden victory is not mediocrity. The people respectfully accepted his warning, received him deeply with etiquette, and asked about the policies implemented in the world. All of Burusheng's subordinates were all outstanding officials selected from the prefectures and counties. Everyone on the side was surprised when they heard what Jun Buyi said. He didn't leave until night. Therefore, after the sudden victory, the recommendation of the book was unquestionable. The emperor summoned him in a public car and made him the governor of Qingzhou.

After a long time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty passed away and Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne. Liu Ze, the grandson of King Xiao of Qi, colluded with the famous people in Bohai County to rebel, and wanted to kill the Qingzhou governor first. Jun Buyi knew it from the beginning, arrested them, and all bowed their heads and confessed their crimes. The emperor promoted Jun Buyi to the position of Jing Zhaoyin and rewarded him with millions of dollars. The officials and people in the capital respected his authority. Every time Juan Buyi came back from going to the county to review and record the crimes of prisoners, his mother always asked: "Is there anyone who can be rehabilitated? How many people can be saved?" If Juan Buyi said that most people can be rehabilitated, he would His mother would be happy, and his eating and talking would be different from other times; sometimes there would be nothing to release, and his mother would be angry because he would not eat. Therefore, Jun Buyi was strict but not cruel as an official.

In the fifth year of the First Yuan Dynasty, a man rode an ox cart, wore a yellow flag with a dragon and a snake on the tree, wore a yellow robe, short clothes, and a yellow hat on his head, and arrived at the North Gate. He called himself Prince Wei. The bus driver told the emperor about this, and the emperor issued an edict to ask two thousand officials among the generals to go and identify it. Tens of thousands of officials and people from Chang'an gathered to watch. Wang Mang, the general on the right, placed troops in front of the palace to prepare for unexpected situations. None of the Prime Minister's censors who had received two thousand stones dared to speak. Jingzhao Yin Jun arrived later and ordered the following officers to arrest him. Some people said: "It is uncertain whether it is true or not. We should deal with this matter slowly." Jun Buyi said: "Why are you so afraid of Prince Wei! In the past, Kuai Kuai ran away for his life, and Kuai Kuai refused to accept Kuai Kuai back to Wei. Now, now It is recorded in the "Spring and Autumn Annals": Prince Wei offended the late emperor and escaped without accepting the death penalty. Now he is here. He is a sinner. "So he was sent to prison.

After hearing this, the emperor and the general Huo Guang praised the incident and said: "The minister should use the classics to clarify the true meaning." From then on, Jun Buyi's reputation in the court became even greater. He was respected, and people in official positions considered themselves inferior to him. General Huo Guang wanted to marry his daughter to him, but Jun Buyi firmly refused and refused to accept it. After a long time, he resigned from office due to illness and died at home. 2. What does the word Dongfang Shuo, Manqian mean?

Dongfang Shuo! Zi Manqian

Dongfang Shuo (154 BC ~ 93 BC), a poet in Western Han Dynasty. The word is Manqian. A native of Pingyuan Yanci (now Huimin, Shandong). Emperor Wu came to the throne and recruited scholars from all over the world. Dongfang Shuo wrote a letter recommending himself and worshiping him as Lang. Later he served as Chang Shilang, Taizhong doctor and other positions. He has a humorous personality, quick words, funny and wise, and often laughs and laughs in front of Emperor Wu, "but he always observes the colors and expresses his advice bluntly" ("Han Shu·Dongfang Shuo Zhuan"). Emperor Wu was very extravagant, and when he came to Shanglin Garden, Dongfang Shuo bluntly remonstrated. He believed that this was "taking the land blessed by the people, which is of no use to the country, and seizing the agricultural and mulberry industry below. If you abandon success, you will fail." ("Han Shu·Dongfang Shuo") 》). He once talked about political gains and losses, and Chen Nong's plan to strengthen the country through war, but Emperor Wu always treated him as a actor and was not allowed to reuse him, so he wrote "Answering Guests" and "On Mr. Fei You" to express his ambitions and dissatisfaction. Dongfang Shuo's original collection of 2 volumes has been lost for a long time; Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty compiled "Dongfang Taizhong Collection" and included it in "Collections of One Hundred and Three Masters of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties". Dongfang Shuo, a comedian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, had the courtesy name Manqian. He was famous for his profound knowledge and humorous conversation, so much so that later the cross talk circle respected him as the ancestor of the cross talk profession. In the old days, some people called cross talk a "manqian art".

In today’s eyes, “Manqian” is a rather feminine name. Why did a grown man named Dongfang Shuo use it as his name? This is very confusing.

What's more interesting is that, coincidentally, he was not the only celebrity who used "Manqian" as a character in the Western Han Dynasty. The famous ministers Jun Buyi and Yu Dingguo both had the character "Manqian".

And if we examine the origins of the three of them in more detail, we will find a more interesting phenomenon. Dongfang Shuo was from Yanci in Pingyuan during the Han Dynasty, which is now Huimin in Shandong; Jun Buyi was from Bohai during the Han Dynasty, which is now from Cangxian County in Hebei; Yu Dingguo was from Tan from Donghai in the Han Dynasty, which is now from Tancheng in Shandong. The three people's places of origin are also very close geographically.

Being in the same area, and both using "Manqian" as their name, there seems to be some connection. And if we examine this phenomenon based on the naming customs of the Han people above, we may have a preliminary impression. Is "Manqian" a commonly used name for people in that area during the Han Dynasty?

Examining historical books and calligraphy books, this is the fact! If the scope is wider, we will find that Xiao Wangzhi, a native of Lanling, Donghai in the Han Dynasty, was in the same county as Yu Dingguo and was a native of Cangshan County, Shandong today. His courtesy name is Changqian. This gives us more reason to believe the preliminary conclusion above.

In fact, Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi" of the Eastern Han Dynasty said this: "Qian, the human character, comes from the sound of people." Duan Yucai of the Qing Dynasty changed it to the quotation from "Yunhui" "Qian, the word for beauty." Annotated: "Qian is also a good name for a man, and it is a good name for a man." Xu Kai from the Song Dynasty also explained: "Qian means beautiful words, just like green grass and green trees."

< p> Qian's meaning was not known to some later university scholars, which led to some misunderstandings. "Hanshu" Volume 89 "Biographies of Xunli·Zhuyi": "Although Chen Ping was virtuous in the past, he needed Wei Qian to advance." Su Lin explained: Wei Qian refers to Wei Wuwu. Wei Zhao during the Three Kingdoms period believed that Qian was Wei Wuwu's character. Yan Shigu of the Tang Dynasty refuted him and said: "Qian is a good name for a scholar, so it is called Wei Qian, and Webster thinks it is a word for ignorance, which is not true."

So, why did people in Shandong in the Han Dynasty love Qian? How about using the character "Qian" as a person's name? In fact, this is related to a special local saying. Yang Xiong's "Dialect" of the Western Han Dynasty said: "Between the Eastern Qi Dynasty, the son-in-law called Zhi Qian." Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi" of the Eastern Han Dynasty also said: "The Eastern Qi son-in-law called Zhi Qian." Interestingly, "Historical Records" Volume 105 "Biography of Bian Quecang Gong" provides evidence for their statement. Cang Gong's name was Chunyu Yi, and he was from Linzi, Qi. When he reported to the emperor, he said: "The Huang family's Zhu Qian saw the stone below Jianjiajing (Song Dynasty) and immediately made it." Pei Xiang's "Jijie" quoted Xu Guang as saying : "A Qian is a son-in-law."

The Shandong people in the Han Dynasty called their son-in-law Qian, naturally because to find a son-in-law for their daughter, they must find a good man. Qian Yi's "Dialect Notes" of the Qing Dynasty pointed out that son-in-law and Qian both mean talented and wise. "Sister-in-law" is connected with "Xu", Zheng Xuan in "Zhou Li·Xiangxu" notes: "Xu, a talented and knowledgeable person." And "Qian" is connected with "Jing", "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Jing, there are Talent."

As for the word "Man", it is a synonym for "长". "The Book of Songs·Lu Song·Zhen Gong": "Kong Man is huge, and all the people are like him." Mao Zhuan: "Man means long." Zheng Xuan's note: "Man means Xiuye, wide." Please note that Lu Song is today's The poems written by Shandong people call long Man, which is obviously also rich in the characteristics of Shandong people.

To sum up, "Manqian" is a kind of good name for men in Qi during the Han Dynasty. "Manqian" can also be called "Changqian". In today's terms, when parents give their son this name, they hope that the child will be a tall man with outstanding intelligence. It can be seen that there is a deep origin in today's short men being jokingly called "crippled".

Dongfang Shuo described himself like this: "Chen Shuo is twenty-two years old, nine feet and three inches long, his eyes are like hanging pearls, and his teeth are like braided shells... If he is like this, he can be a minister of the emperor." ( "Han Shu·Dongfang Shuo Biography") Based on the calculation of one Han ruler equaling 23 centimeters, Dongfang Shuo is about 2.13 meters tall. Even if he cannot be an official today, he is completely qualified to be a Yao Ming-style center in the NBA. Being tall can also save someone's life. Zhang Cang, who formulated laws for the Han Dynasty, was sentenced to beheading for breaking the law in his early years in the army. When he took off his clothes and bent his body under the guillotine, he was "long, fat and white as a gourd", which made Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty. His confidant Wang Ling saw him and thought he was handsome, so he begged Liu Bang for mercy and Zhang Cang was spared from death. ("Hanshu Zhang Cang Biography")

What is interesting is that Manqian, once a very masculine name, gradually became a female-only name. Mr. Qian Zhongshu's novel "Memorial" "There is a woman named Manqian in ". This is of course because in the long historical process, the pronunciation and meaning of "Manqian" have changed, and its original meaning has gradually been diluted. The meaning of beauty and femininity is more commonly used, and the pronunciation of "Qian" has also changed from "青" to "青". Because of "owing", people can only see the pronunciation of "青" in ancient Chinese dictionaries. 3. Hanshu Translation of Yu Dingguo's Biography Urgently Requested

Yu Dingguo, courtesy name Manqian, was a native of Tan County, Donghai County. His father, Yu Gong, served as the county jailer and the county's deputy jailer. Judicial cases are enforced fairly, and those who have violated the law in the county have no resentment after being judged by the public. The people in Donghai County built a shrine for Yu Gong when he was alive, called "Yu Gong Temple"

There was a filial woman in Donghai County who was widowed when she was young and had no children. The mother-in-law who served her was special. Gong Jin, her mother-in-law wanted her to remarry, but she never agreed. Her mother-in-law told a neighbor: "This filial daughter-in-law serves me very respectfully. I pity her for being childless and widowed.

I am old, how can I drag down young people for a long time? Later, her mother-in-law hanged herself. Her mother-in-law's daughter reported to the government and said, "This woman killed my mother." "The government arrested the dutiful woman, who argued that she did not kill her mother-in-law. The officials who handled the case tortured her, and the dutiful woman herself was forced to confess to the false charges. After the case was finalized, it was reported to the superior government, and she was recognized as a dutiful woman who had served her mother-in-law for ten years. She was famous for her filial piety, so she would definitely not kill her mother-in-law. The prefect refused to listen to his opinion, and even the public arguments could not change his opinion, so he cried in the hall with the detailed case file and resigned due to illness. Official position. The prefect finally killed the filial woman. (Afterwards,) there was a drought in the county for three years. The later eunuch came here and asked about the cause of the drought. Yu Gong said: "The filial woman should not be executed, but the previous eunuch killed her by force. Without her, the cause of the disaster should be here, right? "In this case, the new governor killed the cow as a sacrifice to pay homage to the filial woman's grave, and also commended her beside the filial woman's grave. It rained heavily immediately, and there was a bumper harvest that year. The people in the county respected Yu Gong even more. .

At first, the door of Yu Dingguo’s father’s house was broken, and the elders in his hometown were discussing building it. Cars and horses can pass through. I have a lot of merit in judging cases, and I have never had an unjust case. There will definitely be people in my descendants who will be rewarded. "When (his son) Yu Dingguo (became) prime minister, Yu Yong became the official censor, (leaving behind) (the story of) the feudal lord passed down to the world. 4. Translation: "Hanshu. Biography of Yu Dingguo"

Yu Dingguo's courtesy name is Manqian, a native of Tan County in the East China Sea.

His father Yu Gong served as county jail historian and county judge. He tried prison cases fairly and everything belonged to the public. None of the judges resented him. There was a shrine for him in the county, named Yu Gongsh.

There was a filial woman in Donghai who lost her husband very young and had no sons, but she took good care of her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law wanted her to remarry, but she always refused.

Her mother-in-law said to her neighbor: "It's hard for my filial daughter-in-law to serve me. It's a pity that she has no children and is a widow." I am old and have been dragging her down for a long time, what should I do? Later, the mother-in-law hanged herself, and the sister-in-law reported to the officials: "The widow killed my mother." ”

The officials arrested the filial woman, who refused to admit to killing her mother-in-law. The jailers tortured her, but the filial woman had to confess unjustly. All the case files based on the conviction were reported to the government, and it was recognized that the woman had supported her mother-in-law for more than ten years. , known in the countryside for his filial piety, he will definitely not kill his mother-in-law.

The eunuch refused to listen and could not win the argument with the public, so he cried in the palace with all the conviction files, so he said that he was sick. The eunuch was convicted of killing a filial woman.

There was a drought in the county for three years. When the later eunuch took office, he divined the cause of the drought and said: "A filial woman should not die. The previous eunuch was too cruel. She was sentenced to death. Maybe this was the cause of the disaster, right? "So the prefect killed the cow and went to sacrifice the filial woman's tomb in person, and carved a stone on its foundation to commend her filial piety.

It rained heavily immediately, and the year was good. Therefore, the people in the county respected the duke particularly.

When Yu Dingguo was a child, he studied legal provisions under the education of his father. After his father died, Yu Dingguo also served as a prison historian, a county judge, and as a supplementary history of the court. He was selected to join the censor Zhongcheng to deal with rebellions. Because of his talent, he was promoted to the position of censor, and he was promoted to censor cheng. It happened that Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty died, and the king of Changyi was summoned to the throne. p>

Later, the King of Changyi was deposed and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne. The general Huo Guang took charge of the affairs of the Secretariat. All the ministers who had written documents to dissuade the establishment of the King of Changyi were promoted to the rank of Guanglu official and governed. He was highly regarded as a minister.

A few years later, he was transferred to the post of Shuiheng Duwei and became a Tingwei. The disciples went to the north to become disciples.

He was humble and respected scholars who knew the classics. Even those who came on foot were treated as equals by Yu Dingguo. He was grateful and respectful, and all the scholars praised him. He. He tried to sympathize with the widows and widows when he solved the case and imposed the sentence in a more prudent manner.

The court praised him and said: "Zhang Shizhi is a court official and there is no injustice in the world." If you serve as a court captain in Dingguo, the people will not be afraid of being wronged. "Yu Dingguo was addicted to alcohol and drank too much, so he became sober. In the winter months, he implemented the legal system to evaluate criminals, and he became more careful and discerning after drinking.

After he served as a Tingwei for eighteen years, he was transferred to the imperial censor. In the middle of the year of Manlu, Dai Huang Ba became prime minister and was granted the title of Marquis of Xiping.

Three years later, Emperor Xuan died and Emperor Yuan (Liu...) came to the throne. Because he was an old minister in Dingguo, he respected him very much. At that time, Chen Wannian was the censor. Dafu, who had been in power with Dingguo for eight years, had no conflict with each other. Later, Gongyu took the place of Yushi Dafu and had different opinions with Yu Dingguo many times.

Yu Dingguo was proficient in political affairs and advocated the emperor. Generally accepted. However, just after Emperor Yuan came to the throne, Guandong suffered from disasters for many years, and people fled into the pass. Some people went to court to blame the ministers.

The emperor therefore introduced the prime minister and the censor several times on the day of going to court to accept the edict. , questioning them one by one based on their duties, the emperor said: "When bad officials and thieves appear and cannot be caught, for fear of being punished, they will randomly doubt good people and even execute them without guilt. When some robberies occurred, the officials did not pursue them quickly. Instead, they arrested the people who had lost their property. Later, they did not dare to report the disaster, so the number of robbers became more and more widespread.

The people had many grievances, but the state and county officials did not deal with them. They constantly wrote letters to the court to report the situation. The selection of officials at the county magistrate level was unrealistic, so many of the county magistrates and lieutenants in office were incompetent.

When there is a disaster in the people's fields, the officials refuse to reduce or reduce the rent, but instead collect the rent, so the people are in great difficulty. The people in exile in Guandong are suffering from hunger, cold, and disease. Although they have issued edicts to transport grain, open warehouses to save the people, and provide clothing to those who are cold, it may not be enough by next spring.

What measures will the prime minister and censor plan to take now to make up for this mistake? I will try my best to write down the situation point by point and state my fault. "Yu Dingguo wrote a letter to plead guilty.

In the first year of Yongguang (43 BC), there was frost in the spring, cold weather in the summer, and the sun was blue without light. The emperor issued an edict to question each item: "There are officials from the East. , saying that the people there were suffering from hunger and father and son could not support each other. Did the prime minister, the censor, and the officials who investigated the matter conceal it? Or are people from the east making false reports? Why is it so different? I want to know the reality there.

When it is unpredictable whether the year will be good or bad, and there are floods and droughts, there will be a lot of sorrow. Do you have any methods to prevent disasters before they happen or to arrest them? Each of you should answer truthfully and do not hide anything. "

Yu Dingguo was frightened, so he wrote a letter of self-impeachment, returned the seal of Hou, and asked to retire. The emperor replied: "You assist me, and you don't dare to neglect your rest. I rely on you to take charge of everything, and you will be able to make no mistakes. Yes, I'm afraid only saints.

Today, our dynasty has inherited the shortcomings of Zhou and Qin. The folk customs are corrupted, the people have little etiquette, and nature is uncoordinated. The occurrence of disasters is not due to any one reason. None of the records recorded since the saints dare to be attributed to it. Someone should bear it, let alone a saint? I thought about the reasons for this disaster day and night, but I couldn't figure everything out. The classics say, "There is sin in all places, but the sin lies in a few."

Although you hold the post of prime minister, why should you do it alone? I hope to encourage and urge the county governors and magistrates to censure those people and not let them harm the people for a long time. They must always uphold the law and discipline, and they must be wise and pay attention to their health. "Yu Dingguo then called him old and refused again and again. The emperor then gave him a safe carriage with four horses, sixty pounds of gold, removed him from the position of prime minister and allowed him to go home.

After a few years, Seven He died when he was more than ten years old, and his posthumous title was Anhou. Yu Yong, the son of Yu Dingguo, was the heir.

Yu Yong was addicted to alcohol and made many mistakes when he was young. When he was nearly thirty, he restrained himself from practicing self-cultivation because of his father. He served as a lieutenant general and a captain in Changshui. After the death of Dingguo, he followed the funeral ceremony and performed filial piety in the dynasty. Until the imperial censor married Princess Liu Shi.

Liu Shi was the eldest daughter of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and the aunt of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. She was virtuous and the emperor was planning to use her as his prime minister. , It happened that Yu Yong died at this time.

Yu Yong's son Yu Tian succeeded.

At first, Yu Dingguo's father Yu Gong was in a bad position. The door in his house was broken, and the elders attacked fellow practitioners. 5. Ask for the original text of "Hanshu·Yu Dingguo Biography", online, etc.

Yu Dingguo's courtesy name is Manqian, and he is a native of Tan in the East China Sea. His father, Yu Gong, was the county jailer and the county jailer, and Luo Wenfa did not hate Yu Gong. A temple was built for him in the county, named Yu Gong Temple.

There is a filial woman in Donghai. I was a young widow with a dead son, and my foster aunt was very cautious. She wanted to marry him, but she refused. She said to her neighbor: "A filial woman has worked hard for me. I am sorry that her son has died and she is a widow." I am old and have been tired for a long time, so what can I do? "Afterwards, my aunt died, and my aunt told the officials: "I killed my mother." The officials arrested the filial woman, but the filial woman refused to kill her. The officials tried to treat her, but the filial woman falsely accused herself. With the prison in charge, Yu Gong thought This woman had been fostering a aunt for more than ten years and had heard of her filial piety, so she would not kill her. The eunuch refused to listen, and when the public fought for it, she could not get it. A filial woman. There was a drought in the county for three years. Later, the eunuch arrived and divined the cause. Yu Gong said: "A filial woman did not deserve to die. The former eunuch forced her to die. Is it to blame the party?" "So the prefect killed the cow and sacrificed himself to the filial woman's tomb, because to represent her tomb, it rained heavily in the sky, and she was old. The county respected the duke with this great respect. 6. Translation of "The Filial Woman in the East China Sea"

Prime Minister Xipinghou Yu Dingguo, He is from Xiapi County, Donghai County.

His father was called "Yu Gong" and he was a jailer in the county. >

Those who violated the king's law in the county did not dare to conceal their true feelings when Yu Gong was still alive. >

There was a filial woman in Donghai County who had no children and was widowed at a young age. Her mother-in-law who served her was very respectful. Her mother-in-law wanted her to remarry, but she never agreed. Her mother-in-law told her neighbors: "This is filial piety. My daughter-in-law serves me very respectfully. I feel pity that she has no children and has been a widow for a long time. And I am old. How can I be a drag on young people for a long time? "Later, the mother-in-law hanged herself.

The mother-in-law's daughter complained to the government and said: "This so-called filial woman killed my mother. "The government arrested the filial woman. The filial woman argued that she did not kill her mother-in-law. The officials tried to torture her to punish her. The filial woman surrendered and the case was finalized and reported to the superior government.

Yu was recognized as a filial woman. She has served her mother-in-law for ten years and is known for her filial piety, which proves that she will not kill her mother-in-law.

The prefect did not listen to his opinions, and many arguments with the public failed to produce any results, so he resigned due to illness.

The eunuch finally killed the filial woman, causing a severe drought in the county for three years. When the later eunuch took office, he asked about the cause of the severe drought by divination. Yu Gong said: "A filial woman should not be executed. The previous eunuch forcibly killed her. This is the cause of the disaster."

So the new eunuch killed her. Oxen were slaughtered as sacrifices to the filial women's graves, and officials from the prefecture level down came to pay homage in person. It rained heavily immediately, and the harvest was plentiful that year, so the people in the county respected Yu Gong even more. 7. Yu Gongzhi Prison Translation

Yu Dingguo, named Manqian, was from Tan, Donghai.

His father, Yu Gong, was an official in the county jail. He judged cases fairly, and those who violated the law did not hate Yu Gong under his judgment. There was a filial woman in Donghai who became a widow at an early age and had no sons. She took good care of her mother-in-law.

Her mother-in-law wanted her to remarry, but he always refused. The mother-in-law said to her neighbor: "My filial wife has been working hard for me, mourning for her dead son and becoming a widow.

I am old and often drag down young people. How is this okay?" Then the mother-in-law hanged herself and died. The mother-in-law's daughter complained to the officials. The officials arrested the filial woman, but she said she had not killed her mother-in-law.

The officials tortured and punished her, and the filial woman could not bear the pain and confessed. The case was prepared and went to the government office. Yu Gong had taken care of his mother-in-law for more than ten years and was known for his filial piety, so he decided not to kill him.

The prefect ignored him and finally sentenced the filial wife to be killed. There has been three years of drought in the county. 8. The Filial Wife of the East China Sea Translation

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The Filial Wife of the East China Sea ①

In the Han Dynasty, the filial wife of the East China Sea was very careful about raising a nanny ② . The aunt said: "My wife has worked hard to support me. I am already old, so why waste my remaining years on my youth?" Then she hanged herself to death. His daughter complained to the official: "You killed my mother." The official confiscated her, tortured, plundered, and poisoned her ③. A filial woman cannot bear the pain and falsely accuses herself④. Yu Gong was the jailer at that time, and he said: "This woman has been raising a aunt for more than ten years, and she has been well-known for her filial piety, so she will not kill her." The prefect refused to listen. The dispute with the public was unreasonable, so he hugged his prison words and left the house crying.

Since then, there has been a drought in the county, and there has been no rain for three years. When the later eunuch arrived, Yu Gong said: "The filial woman did not deserve to die. The previous eunuch killed her in vain, and this is the fault." The eunuch immediately offered sacrifices to the filial woman's tomb ⑧, as a sign of her tomb ⑨. The sky is raining, and the year is ripe.

The elders passed on: "The filial wife's name is Zhou Qing. When Qing is about to die, a ten-foot bamboo pole is carried on the cart to hang five flags. He swears an oath to everyone: 'If Qing is guilty, I wish to be killed, and the blood will be poured out; If you die in vain, the blood will flow backwards. 'After the execution, his blood is green and yellow, and the flag is on the bamboo (11), and the flag is on the cloud. Qing was unjustly imprisoned and sentenced to death, and God was moved by this. The idea is unexpected. The story of "Dou E's Injustice" written by Guan Hanqing of the Yuan Dynasty originated from this chapter. Donghai is the name of the county. In the Han Dynasty, the county was governed in Tan (now Tancheng County, Shandong).

②Aunt: mother-in-law. Sincerely: Respectfully.

③torture: torture. Poison treatment: severe torture and interrogation.

④False accusation: Admitting an untrue crime is still a sign of surrender.

⑤Yu Gong: The father of Han Dynasty Prime Minister and Xiping Marquis Yu Dingguo. "Han Shu Jun Yu Xue Ping Peng Chuan" says: "His (Yu Dingguo) father was the county jailer and the county judge Cao. He who judged the prison level, Luo Wenfa, and the public judge did not hate him. The county was established for him. The name of the temple is "Yu Gong Temple". "It also records the affairs of filial women in the East China Sea.

⑥Wenche: Famous everywhere.

⑦Prison words: Documents on crime.

⑧Body sacrifice: Personal sacrifice.

⑨ To commemorate his tomb: that is, to build a monument in front of his tomb to commend his filial piety. Table, used as a verb.

⑩Fan (fān sail): a long drooping flag.

(11) Mark: Top of bamboo pole