I. Production safety accidents
Hidden danger of production safety accidents: refers to the fact that the production and business operation units violate the provisions of laws, regulations, rules, standards, rules and safety production management systems, or because of other factors, there are dangerous things that may lead to accidents, unsafe behaviors of people and management defects.
(1) Among the three forms of potential accidents, the dangerous state of materials means that the material conditions in the production process or production area (such as materials, tools, equipment, facilities, finished products and semi-finished products, etc.) are in a dangerous state; People's unsafe behavior means that people's operations, instructions or other specific behaviors in the process of work do not meet the safety regulations; Management defects refer to the defects in various organizations, coordination and other actions necessary to carry out various production activities.
(2) Classification of hidden dangers: Hidden dangers can be divided into general hidden dangers and major hidden dangers. General accident hidden danger refers to the hidden danger that is less harmful and difficult to rectify, and can be rectified and eliminated immediately after being discovered. Major accident hidden danger refers to the hidden danger that is harmful and difficult to rectify, and should be completely or partially stopped, and can only be eliminated after a certain period of rectification, or the hidden danger that is difficult to eliminate due to external factors.
(3) Hidden danger investigation: refers to the enterprise organizing safety production management personnel, engineering and technical personnel and other relevant personnel to investigate the hidden dangers of accidents in the unit, and according to the hidden dangers of accidents.
Level registration, the establishment of accident hidden information files.
(4) Hidden danger management: refers to the activity or process of eliminating or controlling hidden dangers. The hidden dangers of accidents should be registered according to the level of hidden dangers of accidents, the information files of hidden dangers of accidents should be established, and monitoring and management should be implemented according to the division of responsibilities. For general accidents, due to its great harm and difficulty in rectification, the person in charge of the enterprise (workshop, branch factory, district team, etc.). ) or relevant personnel should immediately rectify after discovery. For major accidents, the main person in charge of the enterprise shall organize the formulation and implementation of the accident hidden danger management plan.
Second, the enterprise security risks investigation and management responsibilities
(a) the enterprise is the main body responsible for the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents, and the main person in charge of the enterprise is the first person responsible for the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents in the unit, and other responsible persons bear the responsibilities within their scope of duties; Other responsible persons shall assume responsibilities within the scope of their duties; The safety production management organization and safety production management personnel of the enterprise are the specific responsible persons for the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents in the unit.
(II) The enterprise shall establish a full-responsibility system for the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents, define the scope of responsibility for the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents of units, departments, workshops, teams and other employees, and establish an accountability mechanism.
(three) the enterprise shall ensure the funds needed for the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents, and establish a system for the use of special funds.
(four) the enterprise shall regularly organize safety production management personnel, engineering and technical personnel and other relevant personnel to investigate the hidden dangers of accidents in the unit. The hidden dangers of accidents identified shall be registered according to the level of hidden dangers of accidents, and the information files of hidden dangers of accidents shall be established, and monitoring and management shall be implemented according to the division of responsibilities.
(five) enterprises should establish a system of reporting and rewarding hidden dangers of accidents, encourage and mobilize employees to discover and eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, and encourage the public to report. The meritorious personnel who discover, eliminate and report hidden dangers of accidents shall be given material rewards and recognition.
(6) If an enterprise contracts out or rents out production and operation projects, sites and equipment, it shall sign an agreement on safety production management with the contracting and leasing units, and specify in the agreement the investigation, treatment and prevention of hidden dangers of accidents by all parties.
Management responsibility. Production and business units are responsible for the unified coordination, supervision and management of the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents in contracting and leasing units.
(seven) for general accidents, the person in charge of the enterprise (workshop, branch factory, district team, etc.). ) or relevant personnel should immediately organize rectification. For major accidents, the main person in charge of the enterprise shall organize the formulation and implementation of the accident hidden danger management plan.
The treatment plan for hidden dangers of major accidents shall include the following contents: the objectives and tasks of treatment; Methods and measures adopted; The implementation of funds and materials; Institutions and personnel responsible for governance; Time limit and requirements of governance.
(eight) in the process of accident management, enterprises should take corresponding safety precautions to prevent accidents. If safety cannot be guaranteed before or during the elimination of hidden dangers of accidents, workers should be evacuated from dangerous areas, other people who may be harmed should be evacuated, warning signs should be set up, and production and business should be suspended temporarily; Maintenance should be strengthened for related production, storage devices, facilities and equipment that are difficult to stop production or use temporarily to prevent accidents.
(nine) after the completion of the hidden danger management work, the qualified enterprises shall organize their own technical personnel and experts to evaluate the hidden danger management of major accidents; Other enterprises shall entrust safety evaluation institutions with corresponding qualifications to evaluate the management of major accidents. After treatment, if it meets the conditions for safe production, the enterprise shall submit a written application to the safety supervision department and relevant departments, and the production and operation can be resumed only after examination and approval by the safety supervision department and relevant departments.
Third, the organization and guarantee for the investigation and management of enterprise security risks
(1) leader: the top leader of an enterprise is the general person in charge of the investigation and management of hidden dangers. He brings the investigation and management of hidden dangers into his daily work scope through safety committee meetings, leadership office meetings, regular safety meetings and special safety meetings, personally organizes and regularly participates in inspections, grasps the situation in time and gives clear instructions; The person in charge of enterprise safety production work shall clarify the contents of investigation and management of hidden dangers within the scope of duties, upload and issue relevant information, and be the assistant of the main person in charge. Other relevant leaders should also mind their own affairs.
Do a good job in the investigation and management of hidden dangers within the jurisdiction.
(2) Management: Safety production management institutions and full-time safety management personnel are the backbone of hidden dangers investigation and management. Their main tasks are to formulate rules and regulations related to production safety, train all kinds of personnel, organize inspection and investigation, issue rectification instructions, and verify the rectification effect. It is also necessary to understand the performance of various departments, subordinate units and all employees in the investigation and management of hidden dangers through supervision, and make every effort to promote all-round and all-round investigation and management of hidden dangers.
(III) Operating layer: In accordance with the responsibility system, relevant rules and regulations and operating procedures, employees should have a high awareness of hidden dangers in their daily work, find and deal with all kinds of hidden dangers and signs of accidents at any time, report them in time if they cannot be solved, take temporary control measures, and pay attention to making records and leaving information for statistical analysis of hidden dangers.
Four, enterprise hidden trouble investigation
(a) to develop a hidden danger investigation plan. The investigation involves a wide range and takes a long time, so it is necessary to formulate a detailed and feasible implementation plan, determine the participants, and clarify the contents, time, procedures and records of the investigation. In order to improve efficiency, it can also be combined with daily safety inspection, safety production standardization self-assessment or internal audit.
(two) take different ways to carry out hidden dangers investigation. Hidden danger investigation can be divided into daily hidden danger investigation, comprehensive hidden danger investigation, professional hidden danger investigation, seasonal hidden danger investigation, hidden danger investigation before major events and holidays, accident analogy hidden danger investigation and other categories.
1. Daily hidden trouble investigation: refers to the shift inspection and patrol inspection of the staff of the shift and post, as well as the daily inspection of the leaders of grass-roots units and professional technicians such as technology, equipment, electricity, instrumentation and safety. Daily hidden trouble investigation should strengthen the inspection and inspection of key devices, key parts, key links and major hazard sources.
2, comprehensive hidden trouble investigation: refers to the purpose of ensuring safety in production, to the safety responsibility system, special
Comprehensive inspection focused on the implementation of industry management system and safety production management system, with the participation of relevant majors and departments.
3. Professional hidden trouble investigation: mainly refers to the professional inspection of regional location and general layout, technology, equipment, electricity, instruments, storage and transportation, fire protection and public works.
4. Seasonal hidden danger investigation: refers to the special hidden danger inspection carried out according to the characteristics of each season, mainly including:
(1) In spring, lightning protection, anti-static, anti-melting leakage and anti-melting collapse are the key points;
(2) In summer, focus on preventing thunderstorms, high temperature and overpressure of equipment containers, typhoons, flood control, heatstroke prevention and cooling;
(3) Focus on lightning protection, fire prevention, anti-static, anti-condensation and heat preservation in autumn;
(4) Fire prevention, explosion prevention, snow prevention, anti-freezing and anti-coagulation, anti-skid and anti-static are the key points in winter.
5. Investigation of hidden dangers before major events and holidays: mainly refers to the inspection of abnormal situations and hidden dangers before major events and holidays on device production, standby equipment status, spare parts, production and emergency materials reserve, support force arrangement, enterprise safety and emergency work, especially the inspection of cadres on duty, electromechanical equipment support and emergency repair force arrangement, spare parts and various materials reserve and emergency work during holidays.
6. Accident analogy hidden danger investigation: it is a safety inspection of accidents of enterprises and similar enterprises.
(3) The frequency of eliminating hidden dangers (for reference)
1. The interval of on-site patrol inspection of plant operators shall not exceed 2 hours, and the interval of on-site patrol inspection of operators involved in "two heavy and one big" production and storage devices and components shall not exceed 1 hour. It is advisable to conduct on-site patrol inspection by means of uninterrupted patrol inspection.
2. The direct management personnel, electrical and instrument personnel in the grass-roots workshop shall conduct relevant professional inspections on the device site at least twice a day.
3. Grass-roots workshops should organize hidden dangers investigation at least once a week in combination with post responsibility system inspection, and summarize the hidden dangers found in daily pre-shift inspection and in-class inspection; Grass-roots units (factories) should organize hidden dangers investigation at least once a month in combination with post responsibility system inspection.
4, enterprises should according to the seasonal characteristics and the actual unit, every quarter to carry out a targeted seasonal hidden trouble investigation; A hidden danger investigation must be conducted before major events and holidays.
5. Enterprises should organize at least once every six months, and grass-roots units should organize at least one comprehensive hidden danger investigation and professional hidden danger investigation every quarter, which can be combined.
6. When it is known that accidents such as casualties, leakage, fire and explosion have occurred in similar enterprises, it is necessary to draw inferences from others and conduct special investigations on accident analogy hidden dangers in time.
7. Such as geographical location, technology, etc. Don't change frequently, the investigation period can be determined according to actual changes. If there are any changes, the hidden dangers should be investigated in time.
(four) in any of the following circumstances, the enterprise shall promptly organize experts to carry out hidden dangers investigation in related professions:
1. Promulgate and implement new relevant laws, regulations, standards and norms or revise the original applicable laws, regulations, standards and norms;
2. Major adjustments have taken place in institutions and personnel;
3. When the process, equipment, electricity, instrument, public works or operating parameters of the device change significantly, the risk assessment shall be conducted according to the requirements of change management;
4. Significant changes have taken place in the external safety production environment;
5, an accident or have a new understanding of accidents and incidents;
6. Significant changes have taken place in climatic conditions or major natural disasters are expected to occur.
(5) Seriously carry out hidden dangers investigation.
Enterprises should organize a hidden danger investigation team to conduct a comprehensive investigation of all departments and subordinate units according to the investigation plan.
During the inspection, the inspector must timely, accurately and comprehensively record the investigation and problems found, and communicate with the personnel of the inspected unit at any time.
(six) analysis and summary of the survey results
1. Evaluate whether this hidden danger investigation covers the planned scope and related hidden danger categories;
2. Evaluate whether this hidden danger investigation has achieved the principle of "comprehensive and sampling" and whether it has achieved the principle that key departments, high risks and major hazard sources are properly highlighted;
3. Determine the findings of this hidden danger investigation: including determining the hidden danger list, hidden danger level, and analyzing the hidden danger distribution (including the distribution and type of the unit and place where the hidden danger is located);
4. Make the conclusion of this hidden danger investigation and management work, and fill in the standard form of hidden danger investigation and management;
5. Prepare relevant materials for this hidden danger investigation and report the situation to the enterprise leaders.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) enterprise hidden danger management
(A) General hidden dangers management
General hidden dangers refer to hidden dangers that are less harmful and difficult to rectify, and can be rectified and eliminated immediately after being discovered. In order to better manage the general hidden dangers in the production and operation of enterprises, it is necessary to further refine and classify the general hidden dangers. In enterprises, general hidden dangers are usually divided into team level, workshop level, branch level and even factory (company) level, that is to say, they can be rectified, managed and eliminated in organizations (units) at corresponding levels.
1. Immediate rectification on site: Some hidden dangers, such as obvious violation of operating rules and labor discipline, belong to the general hidden dangers of people's unsafe behavior. Once found, inspectors should ask for immediate rectification and record truthfully, so as to make statistical analysis of such behaviors and determine whether they are habitual or group hidden dangers. Some simple unsafe conditions of equipment and facilities, such as unsafe conditions with inactive safety devices and chaotic sites, can also require immediate rectification at the site.
2. Rectification within a time limit: Some historical sites are difficult to rectify immediately, but they are also general hidden dangers, and they should be rectified within a time limit. The rectification within a time limit is usually issued by the investigation personnel or the investigation department to the unit to which the hidden danger belongs.
All hidden dangers rectification notices shall clearly list the time and place when hidden dangers are discovered, the detailed description of hidden dangers, the cause analysis of hidden dangers, the identification of responsibility for hidden dangers rectification, the person responsible for hidden dangers rectification, the methods and requirements for hidden dangers rectification, and the time requirements for the completion of hidden dangers rectification.
Rectification within a time limit requires the supervision and management of the whole process. In addition to the "closed loop" confirmation of the rectification results, we should also supervise the implementation of the rectification work to find and solve possible temporary problems and prevent delays.
3. Short-term difficulty in rectification: among the general hidden dangers at the factory (company) level, some hidden dangers should be classified as major accident hidden dangers if they should be completely or partially stopped and can only be eliminated after rectification and treatment for a certain period of time, or if they are difficult to be eliminated by the enterprise itself due to external factors.
(2) Management of major hidden dangers
In view of the major hidden dangers of enterprises, it is necessary to "tailor-made" and formulate special treatment plans for each major hidden danger.
1, formulate the treatment plan for major accidents. Major accidents are formulated and implemented by the principal responsible person of the enterprise. The treatment plan for hidden dangers of major accidents shall include the following contents: the objectives and tasks of treatment; Methods and measures adopted; The implementation of funds and materials; Institutions and personnel responsible for governance; Time limit and requirements of governance; Safety measures and contingency plans.
2, major accidents in the process of governance should pay attention to safety precautions. Enterprises should take corresponding safety precautions in the process of accident hidden danger management to prevent accidents. If safety cannot be guaranteed before or during the elimination of hidden dangers of accidents, workers should be evacuated from dangerous areas, other people who may be harmed should be evacuated, warning signs should be set up, and production and business should be suspended temporarily; Maintenance should be strengthened for related production, storage devices, facilities and equipment that are difficult to stop production or use temporarily to prevent accidents.
3. Supervision in the process of major accident management. Enterprises in the process of dealing with major accidents, but also at any time to accept and cooperate with the key supervision and inspection of safety supervision departments.
4, major accident hidden danger management situation evaluation. After the treatment of major accidents, there are conditions.
Enterprises should organize their own technicians and experts to evaluate the treatment of major accidents, and enterprises without conditions should entrust a safety assessment agency with corresponding qualifications to treat major accidents.
Evaluate and confirm the rationality and effectiveness of its measures, and confirm the preventive effect on hidden dangers and possible accidents.
5. Work after handling major accidents. If the hidden dangers of major accidents meet the conditions for safe production through governance and evaluation, the enterprise shall submit a written application for resumption of production to the local safety supervision department and relevant departments, and can resume production and operation only after examination and approval.
Six, hidden danger control measures
Measures to control hidden dangers are generally divided into engineering technical measures and management measures, plus temporary protection and emergency measures for major hidden dangers.
(A) the basic requirements of hidden danger control measures
1, which can eliminate or weaken the dangerous and harmful factors produced in the production process;
2, the disposal of dangerous and harmful substances, and reduce to the limits prescribed by the state;
3. Prevent dangerous and harmful factors caused by production device failures and operational errors;
4, can effectively prevent the occurrence of major accidents and occupational hazards;
5. When an accident happens, it can provide self-help and mutual rescue conditions for people in distress.
Sometimes it is difficult to completely eliminate hidden dangers, and it is necessary to reduce risks to an acceptable level under the premise of observing laws, regulations and standards. For example, employees who don't wear safety helmets correctly are typical low-level hidden dangers. Its governance method in enterprises is mainly to check the criticism of employees and order them to correct it immediately, usually without making a governance plan. However, if it is found through statistical analysis that this phenomenon is widespread and becomes a habitual and group violation, then we should raise the level of hidden dangers, formulate treatment plans and take various measures and means to control it.
(2) Engineering and technical measures for hidden danger control
According to the requirements of hierarchical order, safety technical measures should be selected according to the hierarchical order of elimination, prevention, weakening, isolation, interlocking and warning:
1. elimination: eliminate the dangerous and harmful factors as fundamentally as possible; For example, using harmless technology, replacing harmful substances with harmless substances in production, realizing automatic operation and remote control technology.
2. Prevention: When dangerous and harmful factors are difficult to eliminate, preventive technical measures can be taken to prevent the occurrence of dangerous and harmful factors; Such as the use of safety valves, safety screens, leakage protection devices, safe voltage, fuses, explosion-proof membranes and emergency discharge devices.
3. Weakening: In the case that it is difficult to eliminate dangerous and harmful factors and prevent them, measures can be taken to reduce them; Such as local ventilation detoxification device, replacing high toxic substances with low toxic substances in production, cooling measures, lightning protection devices, static elimination devices, vibration reduction devices, noise elimination devices, etc.
4. Isolation: If it cannot be eliminated, prevented or weakened, people should be isolated from dangerous, harmful factors and substances that cannot be stored; Such as remote control operation, safety cover, protective screen, isolation operation room, safe distance, and self-rescue devices (such as protective clothing and various gas masks) when accidents occur;
5. Interlocking: When the operator makes mistakes in operation or the equipment reaches a dangerous state, the interlock device should be used to prevent the occurrence of danger and harm;
6. Warning: Eye-catching safety colors and safety signs should be set in places prone to failure and high risk; When necessary, set up sound, light or acousto-optic combined alarm device.
(3) Safety management measures for hidden danger management
Safety management measures are often neglected in hidden danger management, even if they exist, they are platitudes such as improving safety awareness, strengthening training and education, and strengthening safety inspection. In fact, management measures can often systematically solve many common and long-standing hidden dangers, so it is necessary to actively and consciously study and analyze the management factors in the causes of hidden dangers, discover and master their management laws, and fundamentally solve the problems by revising relevant rules and regulations and operating procedures and implementing them.
(D) Hidden dangers closed-loop management
"Closed-loop management" is the basic requirement of modern safety production management, and any process management will eventually end through "closed loop". The finishing work of hidden danger management is also a kind of "closed loop" management, which requires the competent departments and personnel of enterprises to verify the results and evaluate the effects after the completion of the management measures. Verification is to check whether all measures have been implemented according to the requirements of the plan and scheme; The effect evaluation is whether the completed measures have played the role of hidden danger management and rectification, whether the problem has been completely or partially solved to an acceptable level, and whether it can truly achieve "prevention first".
Seven, the use requirements of the notice of rectification of security risks
(a) after the investigation of hidden dangers of enterprises, the safety production management department shall sort out and register the hidden dangers, establish a hidden danger investigation ledger, and timely issue a "hidden danger rectification notice" to the units with hidden dangers of accidents.
(2) The hidden danger rectification notice shall be numbered by year. Take the column [20xx] No.00 1 as an example, [20xx] indicates the year, and the number of the column "No.00 1" can be arranged from small to large; "(Unit):" column, only fill in the name of the inspected unit; In the "signature of inspector" column, the signature of the person who participated in the hidden danger investigation should be filled in; Whether the column of "official seal of the company" is the seal of the company or the seal of the company's safety management department is determined by the company according to the actual situation of the enterprise. If there are hidden dangers that need to be rectified, it shall be submitted to the person in charge of the inspected unit for signature and seal.
(3) The Notice on Rectification of Hidden Dangers in Production Safety is in triplicate. The first copy is a stub copy, which is kept by the enterprise safety production management department; The second copy is submitted to the inspected unit, which is an important document basis for the inspected unit to rectify hidden dangers; The third copy is the receipt of hidden danger rectification, which should be submitted to the inspected unit together with the second copy. After the rectification of hidden dangers of the inspected unit is completed, the rectification result shall be truthfully filled in the receipt, signed by relevant personnel and sealed by the unit, and then reported to the company or the safety management department of the company.
(4) After receiving the Notice of Hidden Danger Investigation and Rectification, the company or the company's safety management department shall promptly organize relevant personnel to the site for review and acceptance, and the results of review and acceptance shall be explained under the receipt column and signed by the review and acceptance personnel. Receipts and related accessories should be bound on the back of the corresponding stub, forming a closed-loop management of hidden danger management materials.
Signature and seal of the person in charge of the inspected unit: xx, xx, XX, XX.
Signature and seal of the person in charge of the inspected unit: xx, xx, XX, XX.
Received a notice of rectification of potential safety hazards