The character of Sherlock Holmes in The Word of Blood gives me a lot of different feelings, perhaps because he is young and rebellious-both the author and Sherlock Holmes. Many of Conan Doyle's ideas are completely different from his Sherlock Holmes. The author's ideas often can't represent Sherlock Holmes, but an author will inevitably penetrate his personal feelings in the process of writing, and some of Holmes' behaviors will evolve with the changes of the author. In the later case of lion's mane, Holmes, who was only interested in criminology in big cities, admitted after retirement: "At that time, I had lived a quiet pastoral life wholeheartedly, which was what I often longed for when I lived in gloomy London for many years." Can this passage explain Holmes' other state of mind? In other words, this is actually Conan Doyle's deep desire.

There is such a plot in the movie Sherlock Holmes and Conan Doyle. Doyle criticized Sherlock Holmes as a ruthless and cold-blooded analytical machine. After listening to it, his biographer picked up The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and pointed out a passage that Holmes said in the Naval Agreement to refute it. He said that such a thoughtful and emotional person is a ruthless machine. It is precisely because of his distinctive personality that he has won everyone's love. In fact, there is no need to wait for the naval agreement. As early as when studying the word "blood", Watson had already commented that Holmes was a person who was cold outside and hot inside.

When Watson and Holmes first met, Holmes looked childish and was proud of his successful chemical experiment. Watson commented that his eyes were bright when he spoke. He put his hand on his chest and bowed, as if thanking many imaginary applauding audiences. After some conversation, Watson said, "I think this new friend of mine is very interesting." "What's even more exciting is this description. After Watson praised Holmes for his innovation in reasoning science, Holmes' reaction was "hearing this and seeing my sincere attitude when I spoke, he turned red with joy". I have long seen that when he hears others praise his achievements in detective skills, he will be as sensitive as' any girl is like this when she is praised for her beauty'. "Doesn't this show that Holmes is a living person?

Soon after, they moved to Baker Street 22 1B together, and Watson mentioned that "to tell the truth, Holmes is not a difficult person to get along with." He further described Holmes' living habits: "He is quiet and has regular living habits. Rarely stay up after ten o'clock every night. In the morning, he always goes out after breakfast before I get up. Sometimes, he stays in the laboratory or autopsy room all day; Occasionally, I will go far, and the place I go seems to be a slum in London. When he works happily, no one can match his exuberant energy; However, there is often an opposite momentum, lying on the sofa in the living room all day, almost silent and motionless from morning till night ... "In the Musgrave ceremony, Watson not only said that he was" organized and dressed simply and neatly ",but also described some" shortcomings "in his life, including" putting cigarettes in a coal hopper and putting tobacco leaves on Persian slippers. But some letters that didn't reply were inserted in the middle of the wooden mantelpiece by him with a big folding knife, and the opposite wall was decorated with bullet marks ... Seeing this, I really think Watson is a very interesting friend, and the landlady doesn't seem to want to drive away this "worst tenant in London". Holmes is a free urchin, not a representative of seriousness and abstinence in some people's eyes.

Sherlock Holmes is by no means indifferent. He also has his own philosophy of life. In Blood, Holmes said many wonderful things, not only reasoning, but also thinking about life. He once said, "Nothing is insignificant to a great man". This is not only the embodiment of Sherlock Holmes' caution, but also because of his careful observation, he will notice things that others tend to ignore. This is another outlook on life of Sherlock Holmes, as we say, "the prime minister can hold a boat in his stomach", which is very stressful. When he heard the media hype about some important events, he quoted a proverb and commented: "Although a fool is stupid, there will always be a more stupid fool to cheer for him." He disdains using the media to publicize his "great achievements", but in fact his efforts and contributions are not necessarily more than others, so he sarcastically said, "It doesn't matter what you do in this world. What matters is how you convince people of what you have done. " Perhaps the flood fighters have worked hard for days and nights, and finally they have to leave a small number of sandbags for the well-dressed leaders to "stop". At this time, there will always be a reporter who "skillfully" reports how cadres care about the masses and serve the people. Looking at the good leaders who "actively care about lesbians", do we ordinary people have any experience? As for those parents who flaunt that "they can't sleep at the thought of six million people not getting rid of poverty" and "they can't cry at the thought of twenty million people not getting rid of poverty", they finally find that their wealth is so great that they have been jailed and fled abroad, which is even less commendable. Sherlock Holmes' words can sometimes be reversed. Sometimes you have to "convince people that you didn't do anything", otherwise people will know and they won't care. For these, it's still tacit ~ ~

Sherlock Holmes is a thoughtful, learned and philosophical man. His life is so colorful and unique. Because of his advantages and disadvantages, he is far more real than later detectives. The image of Sherlock Holmes is also more vivid than that of Du Ban in the early period, and the historical significance of Du Ban's story has already exceeded the work itself.

Watson's personality is also very distinct, and his personal feelings are obvious, sometimes very kind, and sometimes people feel very willful. He likes to sleep late, but complains that the landlady "has no room for me at the dinner table and the coffee is not ready". To this end, Watson was "angry for a while, immediately rang the doorbell and simply told the landlady that I had prepared breakfast." In just a few words, Watson's wayward side is portrayed.

Many people like to compare Watson and Poe's "I, a reporter around Du Ban", and think that Conan Doyle imitates Poe in narrative techniques, but it's not entirely true. First, we look at things from the perspective of the first person "I", and Poe is not the only one who writes like this. Secondly, Poe is a versatile writer. Although people call him "the father of detective stories" (Doyle is the father of detective stories), his main achievements are not detective stories, including Poe himself. It was because he was tired of writing detective novels that he turned to writing other types of novels. Thirdly, critics say that the reporter "I" around Du Ban is used to set off Du Ban's wisdom. I don't think so. The reporter is not so much a foil as a witness. He told the story of Du Ban from the perspective of a reporter, and did not set Sherlock Holmes off as a long-term companion like Watson, nor did he have the characteristics and characters like Watson. In edgar allan poe's detective novels, Du Ban is the protagonist, and more pen and ink are spent on how Du Ban analyzes the case, rather than focusing on the personal communication between the reporter and Du Ban. Therefore, although he and Watson are both "I", they are very different. Watson is not only a witness, but also has his own thoughts and feelings, his own joys and sorrows, and various views on his friend Sherlock Holmes. Sometimes it seems fair and objective, and sometimes it seems extreme and stubborn.

And Lestrade, whose image in Blood is almost a villain, is basically a joke. However, after the story was serialized for a long time, the image of police officer Lestrade also changed, especially in the case of Napoleon VI, and he also staged a good play with Holmes. It can be said that Conan Doyle no longer regarded Lestrade as a foil clown.

In fact, there are many differences between "Blood Word" and the later ones, so I won't list them one by one. I don't think it is necessary to discuss too much about the debate about astronomical knowledge. This is not necessarily Watson's wrong conclusion at first. Perhaps Holmes just didn't know much about astronomy at that time. The story of Sherlock Holmes spans decades. Who can say that Sherlock Holmes, who doesn't know astronomy in his blood, doesn't know it after several years? Sometimes you will see a person talking about some knowledge about Kan Kan. Maybe two years ago, he had no idea.

Sherlock Holmes has a personality, and Sherlock Holmes' investigation also has social value. In the introduction of The Complete Works of Sherlock Holmes, Mr. Wang Fengzhen said that Conan Doyle himself "didn't consciously describe the social reality and put forward the moral and criminal problems in society. He just borrowed these problems to create a fascinating story ... so Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes lacks profound and real social significance". I beg to differ from this view. First of all, social significance is endowed by society, not decided by the author alone. Being able to record social phenomena, write people's voices and win people's support is itself a social significance. Many of the so-called classics we worship now were written by authors without any ambition. However, their influence is enormous, and their value is often excavated by later generations. Therefore, Wang Fengzhen added: "However, the artistic skills of Conan Doyle's detective novels have had a considerable impact on later. Watson recalled and directly participated in the detective's technique, which made people feel as comfortable as listening to a story; Combine action with knowledge and make logical reasoning, which makes people feel true and credible; The conception and description of thrilling scenes are often used for reference by today's detective novels. "

Although Conan Doyle is the creator of Sherlock Holmes, he can't fully represent Sherlock Holmes. He doesn't like or even pay attention to this great detective in his works. He hates readers mourning for Sherlock Holmes who died in the last case, but ignores his father who died at the same time in reality. He insisted that his main achievements were in other areas, including theology, not Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle was superstitious and conservative, and preached the theory of ghosts and gods everywhere in his later years. However, Sherlock Holmes did not. Holmes also criticized the unscientific ghost theory in cases such as Devil's Foot and Vampire. Conan Doyle himself praised the war and defended the war in South Africa. Of course, Doyle sympathized with the victims of the war. In the Four Signs, he euphemistically described the British colonial plunder of India, and did not let Holmes express any views on it. Conan Doyle thinks that he was knighted because he defended the war in South Africa, but Holmes in the book prefers to be a free mortal, and he refuses to be knighted. Conan Doyle is not only different from Sherlock Holmes, but even Watson is very different from him. Although Watson is the embodiment of the author to some extent, it is obvious that Conan Doyle has created a higher personality standard than himself, and he has created two people who are greater than him and more loved by the people. Therefore, Mr. Mei Shaowu said that "Sherlock Holmes has already surpassed his nationality, age and even his author". We may thank Conan Doyle for not liking Sherlock Holmes. That's why he doesn't love this character in all aspects, and he doesn't mean to make Holmes make mistakes, so that he can express his thoughts directly, even contrary to Conan Doyle's, which makes Holmes more flesh and blood. Being surpassed by one's own novel characters is an author's sorrow and also an author's greatest happiness.

Second: the reasoning of Sherlock Holmes.

Conan Doyle has done some cases in reality, but calling him a detective may be a bit far-fetched. He will handle cases with some idol colors. But Conan Doyle does have some detective knowledge. If he is not an excellent detective, he is at least an excellent detective theorist, just like a person who is good at commenting on football, and he is not necessarily an excellent player himself. Doyle's mastery of detective knowledge is far better than the murders written by otaku and otaku. At first glance, the theories in those novels seem clear, but most of the time they just "manage 36 tricks". Many friends who like detective stories will be surprised by these detective stories. The detective in the book can often gather all the suspects in one place, then suddenly point out the real murderer, make absolutely accurate reasoning, and refute the murderer speechless. But the beautiful imagination of these "houses" is beautiful, but it is not true. In contrast, the knowledge of handling cases in Conan Doyle's books may be "rough enough to make people want to sleep" to some people, but it had far-reaching influence at that time, and some theories were even more advanced than the official ones. Sherlock Holmes said that before the official crime teaching book was published, Sherlock Holmes was once a temporary crime teaching book for the London police at that time, and some police schools in Europe and America still "selected some cases of Sherlock Holmes as examination questions or cases". The Hans Evidence Survey, the world's first crime teaching book, once mentioned how to preserve footprints with plaster of Paris. However, two years before the book was published, Holmes had already mentioned this theory in Four Symbols. In the book Four Symbols, Holmes also said that "a person's occupation can affect his hand shape. There are hand-shaped illustrations of masons, sailors, woodcarvers, compositors, weavers and diamond grinders. These are of great practical significance to scientific investigation technology. Especially in the case of nameless bodies and detecting the identity of criminals ... "Today, these are the basic knowledge that every criminal investigator must learn, just like Newton's gravity, and now even primary school students will know. However, people spent a lot of time and energy to verify these "simple" theories.

Today, we often talk about the study of blood characters, which is a milestone in the history of detective novels and has an important turning point. However, what really made Sherlock Holmes famous was The Fourth Sign and Adventure History. The publishing fate of Hot Blood has been repeatedly ignored, and its value lies in that it will not attract people's attention until Sherlock Holmes becomes famous.

Although Blood Word is an early work, Conan Doyle, who is under 30 years old, also gives many classic inferences in the book. First of all, I can see that you have been to Afghanistan. This sentence has been discussed countless times and I don't want to participate in the discussion. However, according to Holmes' analysis, he combined many social backgrounds at that time, and his inference of Watson's career was different from person to person and improvised, which was not suitable for the law of death in any era or society. The so-called reasoning, after all, is often based on experience and is not the only definitive answer. Criminal events are always full of changes, and reasoning without practice is just speculation. Reasoning itself has inference, and intelligent reasoning is to analyze more accurately than others. But no matter how clever the reasoning is, it can only be relatively accurate, but not absolutely correct. There are exceptions to everything, and some things that we usually take for granted may be denied at some moment. Therefore, the most important thing in reasoning is "rationality" and persuasiveness, not "prophet", "prophecy" and "mental arithmetic".

In addition to Watson's inference that he has been to Afghanistan, there is another inference in the word blood that impressed me deeply. It comes from the investigation of the Garden Street tragedy in Lauriston. After observing the scene, Holmes concluded: "This is a murder case. The murderer is a man. He is over six feet tall and middle-aged. According to his figure, his feet are a little small. He wears a pair of thick square boots and smokes Indian cigars. He came in a carriage with the victim. This carriage is pulled by a horse. This horse has three old shoes, and the right front hoof is new. This murderer is likely to have a reddish face and a long right fingernail. " This remark made everyone feel confused and suspicious.

After leaving the scene of the murder, Watson asked Holmes why he made such an inference. Holmes replied, "As soon as I got there, the first thing I saw was the trace of two carriage wheels on the side of the road. Because it was sunny all week before it rained last night, the carriage that left this deep wheel track must have arrived at night. In addition, there are horseshoe prints. One of the footprints is much clearer than the other three, which means that the shoes are new. Because the car arrived there after the rain, and according to Grayson, there were no cars here all morning, it can be seen that the carriage must have stayed there last night; Therefore, it was this carriage that brought these two people to the empty room. " After listening to the analysis, Watson, who was still surprised before, immediately said, "It looks very simple." Conan Doyle made a good preparation before. He wrote that when Holmes came to the scene, he got out of the carriage early and walked for a while. He was in no hurry to go to the room where the body was lying. As a result, he found footprints and car marks and reached the above conclusion. From here we can see how careful Holmes is. Those traces can be found by him, not because he is "unpredictable", but because he is meticulous.

Watson asked Holmes how he knew the height of the murderer. Holmes replied, "Nine times out of ten, a person's height can be known from the length of his steps. Although the calculation method is simple, it is useless for me to teach you step by step now. I measured the distance between the man's steps on the dirt outside the house and the dust inside the house. " Even more exciting is the following statement: "Then I found a way to check whether my calculation result is correct. Ordinary people write on the wall, naturally parallel to the line of sight. Now the handwriting on the wall is only six feet from the ground ... "Indeed. People always unconsciously keep their daily habits in an emergency. At this moment, few people can do it, and think carefully about all kinds of details. The murderer in this case wants to write the word "Rachel" on the wall. According to his own explanation, it was a brainwave ... it may be a prank, and he intends to introduce the police. It was not a planned strategy, so he didn't think of bending down in time to change the position of the word "blood" in order to further disturb the police investigation. Therefore, it is very scientific for Holmes to use the height of the word "blood" to infer the approximate height of the murderer.

Then Watson asked the murderer's age, and Holmes replied, "If a man can stride four and a half feet effortlessly, he will never be an old man. There is a puddle as wide as the aisle in the small garden. He obviously walked in one step, while the leather boots walked around and the square boots walked from above. This is nothing mysterious. " Most old people don't practice "Tai Chi" and children generally don't kill people, so this conclusion is reasonable without exception.

And the killer's nails, Holmes reasoned: "The words on the wall were written by a man with his index finger dipped in blood." When I read it with a magnifying glass,' some wall powder was scraped off'. If this person's nails had been manicured, it would never be like this. "If the murderer had trimmed his nails, he wouldn't intentionally scrape the wall with his nails.

Sherlock Holmes' reasoning makes people feel brilliant because he often hides secrets without telling the truth first, just like a magician, but once he tells it, the magic of reasoning will make people feel twice as simple. At this moment, silence is golden. If you have a wrong idea in your mind, others will not notice. Let's take a look at the case of lion's scolding described by Holmes himself later. When Holmes expresses his views on the whole case in detail, we will feel that Holmes is like an ordinary person.

Three: about the hometown of saints

Some fans think that the study of the scarlet letter in the second half of Hometown of Saints is boring, but in my opinion, Hometown of Saints is another essence of this story. Only those who learn to appreciate this chapter can appreciate the value of the whole study of scarlet letter. The word "blood" is not only a wonderful story, but also has deeper connotations-although these are not necessarily true. The most real feature of Sherlock Holmes is that the story is not about handling a case for the sake of handling a case, but about the story behind the prisoner, and it is stretched to some extent, timely and brief. The same is true of the case narration in reality, on the one hand, it tells the wit of the case handlers, on the other hand, it also tells the past and motivation of the criminals. So every story of Sherlock Holmes has more than two protagonists. As far as the four mysteries are concerned, besides the word "blood", other leading figures, such as Smoot in The Four Signs, Stapleton in The Hound Dog and McMurdo in uncanny valley, are also leading figures. Behind these three stories, the author also spent a lot of pen and ink on the two protagonists, of which the hound is the most special story, and neither protagonist appeared positively. Stapleton's plays are basically told through other people's mouths. Except for sharping at the beginning and the end, there is only one Sherlock Holmes in the middle, but we can feel the existence of Sherlock Holmes, so Carl commented that this book is "the story dominates Sherlock Holmes, and the story dominates Sherlock Holmes."

Hometown of Saints is a background story, not a case-handling process. Perhaps because of the decline of Sherlock Holmes, some fans are quite picky. In this chapter, Conan Doyle pays more attention to describing human feelings and things, and many words are extremely beautiful, which makes people feel immersive and pleasing to the eye after reading.

Let's take a look at this paragraph first: "There are snow-covered mountains, dark valleys, and swift rivers running between steep canyons;" There are endless wasteland, with snow everywhere in winter and gray saline-alkali land in summer. Even so, the overall characteristics are barren, barren and infinitely desolate. "It is said that westerners like to describe narrow scenes to highlight details, but here, Doyle starts a new story from a grand scene and takes the lead in embellishing the desolation of the scene with just a few words. This angry description gives people a sense of distance, just like standing on a high mountain top overlooking this desolate land.

Then, Conan Doyle further described the desolation of this place. This time, he focused on "life": "In this hopeless land, people are extinct ... even the bravest and strongest people can't wait to walk through this terrible wasteland and rejoin the prairie as soon as possible. Only coyotes hide in the bushes, giant eagles soar slowly in the air, and stupid grizzly bears haunt the gloomy canyons in search of food. They are unique residents in the wilderness. " What a wonderful portrayal, on the one hand, the scarcity of people, on the other hand, the existence of wild animals, the two formed a sharp contrast. Gorky once called penguins "stupid" in his masterpiece Swallow written in 190 1 However, 10 years ago, Conan Doyle wrote a "stupid grizzly bear". Doyle called them "residents" in the wilderness with coyotes and giant sculptures, which was very anthropomorphic.

After telling the story of life in the wilderness, Doyle focused on the sights and sounds: "There is no place in the world that is more bleak than the scene at the northern foot of the Blanca Mountains. Looking around, I can only see a saline-alkali land cut off by a small oak forest on the wasteland. At the end of the horizon, the mountains are rolling, covered with snow and white. There is neither life nor anything related to life in this land. The birds in the iron blue sky disappeared, and nothing happened on the gray earth. In short, we die together. Listen attentively, there is no sound in this vast and barren land, only complete, frustrating and desperate silence. " What a "stare", as if he were in a wasteland. After this passage, the dead silence of the wilderness was constantly emphasized, which strengthened the reader's impression. Imagine a vulture flying across the sky in such a sparsely populated place and breaking the silence with its cry. What kind of scenery will it be?

After emphasizing the small population, Doyle turned to tell: "Some people say that there is nothing related to life in this vast Yuan Ye, which is not true. Looking down from Mount Blanca, you can see a path winding through the desert and disappearing into the distant horizon. This path was formed by countless adventurers who crushed and trampled on many vehicles. There are piles here and piles there, and the scattered things are shining in the sun, which is very dazzling on this monotonous alkali ground. When you look closer, it turns out to be piles of white bones: the big and thick bones are cow bones; Smaller and thinner are human bones. On this terrible 1500-mile business road, people are marching along many relics of their predecessors. " What a tragic scene, there is no need to talk about the situation of these bones before their death. It is in this passage that people feel the cruel side of nature.

Cruelty is not only nature, but also human nature. Hometown of Saints is a story about love and hatred of human nature, which makes people lament, regret, grieve and ponder.

Love is romantic and life is realistic. Many marriages that go to court are not necessarily insincere from the beginning. Hou Bo, the hero of Hometown of Saints, is both a romantic and a realist. Hou Bo admits that if the danger only befalls old John, he will "think twice" before taking the risk, but because Lucy is also facing the danger, he resolutely puts his own safety aside and decides to help his father and daughter escape from this troubled land. This desperate journey is also thrilling and ups and downs, so the author will not express his views in this article.

Hou Bo is completely unaffected. He respects old John. Hou Bo is a tenacious person, especially old John. It was old John who raised Lucy with his own strength. However, for a person in love, it is human nature to pay more attention to his lover. Hou Bo pays more attention to Lucy, but that doesn't mean he doesn't love old John. When John and Lucy were persecuted to death by Mormons, he vowed revenge and traveled for 20 years-their right and wrong were different. He wants to avenge not only his dead lover, but also old John. I just don't know what my father and daughter will think when they see what has happened in Hou Bo in the past 20 years.

Hometown of Saints is a love tragedy. It is more profound than many youth idol dramas today, because it tells not only the love between men and women, but also the feelings between father and daughter. These two emotions are equally great. Nowadays, many love dramas only emphasize the supremacy of love, and at the same time let parents stand aside, so there is such a "pledge of eternal love". The author is very disgusted with this. If you hold this idea, where is the affection of parents for decades? Where is the friendship between friends and brothers and sisters? I appreciate "I live stronger when you die" more than "I don't want to live when you die".

Some people think that it is worthwhile for Hou Bo to pursue his enemies for 20 years, because he finally avenged his father and daughter, while others think that it is not worth it. It just binds himself to the past and wastes his life energy. The author's views are different from the above two, so I don't want to express my views here, but I will give a rough description of Hou Bo's own performance. When Hou Bo found his enemy, on the one hand, he couldn't wait to kill him immediately. On the other hand, he decided to give his enemies a chance to survive. According to Hou Bo's arrangement, Drebber randomly chose a pill to eat, while Hou Bo ate the remaining one. As a result, the pills Drebber took were poisonous and he died. Hou Bo thought it was God's will, but was it really? If God had a will, Drebber should have been punished 20 years ago. A poison pill will not exert its toxicity because of the personality of the person who takes it. Anyone who takes it will be poisoned. Hou Bo's words make the author feel that there may be a little helplessness and a little sigh in the depths of the revenge flame that he has burned for 20 years. ...

Four: religious criticism

Hometown of Saints is not only a story about disillusionment and revenge of love, it leaves people with more thoughts and makes people question what is behind the tragedy. As Sherlock Holmes asked in the case of Carton, "What is the purpose of this series of pain, violence and fear? There must be some purpose, otherwise, our universe is dominated by accidents, which is unimaginable. "

Throughout the full text of Hometown of Saints, we will feel that these disasters are all caused by religion. Religion is not a strange word, but it is strange to the general public. "Hey, did God make this place, too?" This is the question that little girl Lucy asked old John pointing to the desolate desert. This is really an ironic and thought-provoking question, and it also opens the first step for readers to think about religion. There are really too many places in religion that people really need to look at objectively.

Conan Doyle is a typical ideological contradiction. His religious view in the book is not consistent with his religious view in reality. Especially in his later years, Conan Doyle also publicized all kinds of ghosts, practiced witchcraft and evocation, and further spiritualized his views on religion. Perhaps, as Sherlock Holmes said, if Conan Doyle didn't believe in spiritualism so much, it would be difficult for him to seek spiritual comfort in the pain of losing his loved ones several times.

(The answer exceeds 10000 words and has been deleted. )