The patriotic movement of Sichuan people against the Qing government's betrayal of railway sovereignty in the late Qing Dynasty. 19 1 1 may (Xuantong three years in April), the Qing government forcibly nationalized the privately-run Sichuan-Han Railway, and then sold the road-building rights to the banking groups of Britain, France, Germany and the United States, which aroused strong opposition from the Sichuan people. On June 17, the shareholders of Chuanhan Railway organized a meeting of protecting railway comrades in Chengdu, and elected Pu Dianjun and Luo Lun, the constitutionalists, as the chairman and vice chairman. Branches have been established in prefectures and counties, with hundreds of thousands of participants. By the end of August, it had developed into a large-scale struggle against strikes, strikes and donations. Alliance members Long Mingjian, Wang Tianjie, etc. Use this situation to contact the Party and organize Comrade Lu Bao's army. On September 7th, Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan, besieged the representatives of the Lu Bao Comrades' Association, closed the railway company and ordered the military police to shoot and kill hundreds of petitioners. The next day, he ordered the dissolution of the local railway protection gay association. The people revolted, and Comrade Lu Bao's army held armed uprisings in various counties. On September 25th, Wu, a member of the League, declared Rong County independent and established the first county-level revolutionary regime during the Revolution of 1911, which later developed into the anti-Qing uprising in Sichuan and became the prelude to the Wuchang uprising. 165438+1On October 27th, Chengdu declared its independence and established the Dahan Sichuan military government, which completely destroyed the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Sichuan. 19 1 1 (the third year of Xuantong) After May, while the democratic revolution was surging and the rule of the Qing Dynasty was faltering, a vigorous road protection movement took place in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Sichuan provinces. Among them, the movement in Sichuan was the most magnificent, which promoted the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising and accelerated the collapse of the Qing Dynasty. The road protection movement is that four imperialist countries, Britain, the United States, Germany and France, colluded with the Qing government to seize the rights of Guangdong-Han and Sichuan-Han highways that have been allowed to be operated by merchants. The negotiation of building two roads by borrowing foreign debt began from 1908. Due to the contradiction between imperialist countries, the loan agreement was not reached until May 19 10. 19 1 1 in April, Sheng Xuanhuai, the representative of the Qing government and minister of post and communication, discussed the details of the loan contract with the ministers of the four countries, and the loan contract could be formally signed after being approved by the governments of various countries. In order to approve the contract to sell the right of way, commercial railways must be nationalized. Therefore, the Qing government promulgated the imperial edict that "all trunk highways should be owned by the state" on May 9, and formally signed a loan contract on May 20. Hunan was the first country to oppose the policy of "state ownership". After Hunan, the people of Hubei also took action, writing letters to protest and gathering to denounce; When the people of Guangdong learned of the "state-owned" policy, they reacted very strongly and rose up to fight. The news of the "state-owned trunk highway" reached Sichuan, and the people were angry and demanded a boycott. /kloc-in June of 0/3, the "four-country loan contract" was sent to Chengdu. The constitutionalists, who were originally in favor of "state ownership", turned to the position of "protecting the road". /kloc-in June of 0/7, they initiated the establishment of the "Road Protection Comrades Association". The establishment of Lu Bao Comrades' Association was welcomed by the masses. In just four days, more than 65,438+10,000 people signed up in Chengdu. Soon, the "Lu Bao Comrades' Association" outside Chengdu was established one after another. By September 7th, * * * 64 counties had established "associations". In the process of organizing road-protecting comrades' associations in various places, members of secret homes for the aged get opportunities for public activities; The revolutionary thought of the regiment has also penetrated into the masses. Just then, Zhao Erfeng, the new governor of "Zhao Butcher", who is famous for killing innocent people indiscriminately, came to Chengdu with the order of "strictly intervening". At this time, the masses became even more angry, which led to the strike in Chengdu on August 24, against food and donations. In order to maintain the rule, the Qing government ordered Duan Fang to lead the Hubei army into Sichuan to "strictly investigate"; On the one hand, Zhao Erfeng "effectively suppressed". Zhao Erfeng stubbornly put the charge of "implied independence" on the head of the constitutionalists under the pretext of the pamphlet "Sichuan People's Self-protection" distributed by some people to promote constitutional monarchy and local autonomy. On September 7th, Pu Dianjun, Luo Lun, Deng Xiaoke, Yan Kai, Peng Fen, Zhang Lan and others were arrested. After Pu and Luo were arrested, although Zhao Erfeng immediately posted a notice of "only taking priority, not asking civilians" and "gathering people into the department to shoot", thousands of people still rushed to the Governor's Office to petition for the release of the arrested people. When they rushed to Yuanmen, Zhao Erfeng ordered the shooting and galloped back and forth with the cavalry. The deceased identified 32 people on the spot, and the injured could not be counted. This is the appalling Chengdu bloody case. At the beginning of Zhao Erfeng's tragedy, members Long Mingjian, Zhu, Cao Du and others used hundreds of wooden boards to write down the words "Zhao Erfeng first caught Pu and Luo, then suppressed Sichuan, and comrades all over the country quickly saved themselves". Then they coated the sawdust with tung oil, wrapped it in oil paper and put it in Jinjiang. This kind of "water telegraph" made the downstream people quickly know the news of the accident in the provincial capital, rose up in succession and began a vigorous uprising of comrades protecting the road. The situation of armed uprising developed rapidly. In seven or eight days, the number of insurgents approaching Chengdu reached100000 to 200000. Zhao Erfeng, who has to defend both inside and outside, can't see one thing clearly, and he is flustered and calls for help urgently. The police sent a telex to Beijing, and the Qing government decided to send reinforcements from six provinces, including Hubei and Hunan, to Sichuan, urging the Duandang to move westward quickly, and using Cen Chunxuan, who had been the governor of Sichuan, to jointly fight against the suppression of the Communist Party. However, the entry of the Hubei army into Sichuan weakened Hubei's strength and was conducive to the revolutionaries' uprising in Wuchang; In the west, I was killed by the Ministry when I arrived in Zizhou. Cen Chunxuan hesitated after "following the rules", but later have it both ways called the Qing court "organizing * * * and politics". In the armed struggle, Wu Yongshan (Yu Zhang), a member of the League, declared Rong County independent and established the first county government led by the League. Tibetans and Yi people in western Sichuan and northern Sichuan also joined the uprising.

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