What is the technical control and research of equipment investment by the project cost management supervisor? Please see the analysis below.
The investment control group should have two management levels:
(1) Control level. It is composed of cost engineers and professional supervision engineers. Specifically responsible for the implementation of investment control in the supervision plan, determining methods and means of target control, and formulating control measures. Professional supervision engineers are responsible for project measurement confirmation and certification, and cost engineers are responsible for review. (2) Operational layer. It is composed of budget estimating professionals and supervisors with qualification certificates. Specifically responsible for project measurement and signing of original vouchers; human input, material quantity, quality, price, force majeure and other situations related to investment control should be recorded in the supervision diary as detailed as possible to provide the control layer with first-hand material on investment control.
How to play the role of cost engineer in supervision work, the author believes that investment should be focused on control in the four stages of design, bidding, construction, and completion settlement.
1. Pre-investment control in the design stage
After the project investment decision is made, the key to controlling project investment lies in design. In order to achieve the investment control objectives at each design stage, the cost engineer can take the following supervision measures:
1.1. The design contract should clearly define the responsibility for exceeding the design limit. When cost engineers conduct investment control at each design stage, they must decompose the investment limit to various professional designers according to the investment control objectives, so that designers can clearly understand that design should be based on an economic perspective, optimize multiple design options, and take corrective measures in a timely manner. It not only meets the project quality and functional usage requirements but does not exceed the investment limit. The cost engineer should assist the owner to clarify the responsibility for exceeding the limit design when signing the design contract. If the investment limit is exceeded due to design reasons, designers must modify and rework for free; if engineering changes are made due to design responsibilities, resulting in exceeding the investment limit, penalties will be imposed.
1.2. Use standard design and value engineering principles. (1). Standard design is a complete set of approved standard technical document drawings. The use of standard design can save design costs, speed up construction, ensure project quality, and significantly reduce project costs. Therefore, cost engineers should vigorously promote standard design. (2) The principle of value engineering (value coefficient V = function coefficient F / cost coefficient C) is one of the scientific methods for investment control in the design stage by analyzing functions and costs and combining technical issues with economic issues. . Cost engineers should be able to skillfully apply value engineering principles, carefully review drawings, and study whether the bays, depths, floor heights, structures, materials, equipment, etc. in the drawings are reasonable. Combined with the opinions of the construction unit, we conduct functional and cost research on multiple options, and select the option with the largest value coefficient as the optimal option to achieve the investment control objectives at each design stage.
1.3. Use supervision information system. The supervision information system can accumulate cost data of completed projects, grasp real-time data on domestic and foreign economic changes, and ensure the accuracy and timeliness of project cost data on construction materials, equipment, transportation, exchange rates, etc. Cost engineers should provide relevant project cost data to designers in a timely manner to tap the potential for cost reduction and create conditions for quota design.
2. Investment control in the bidding stage
In the investment control during the bidding stage, the cost engineer should base on the current specifications, quotas and charging standards, construction drawings, on-site factors, Carefully review the construction period and other minimum bids: (1) Review the project quantities. (2) Review the unit price. (3) Review funds and price differences. (4) Review various lump sum expenses and main material indicators. (5) Review whether the minimum bid price is reasonable.
The cost engineer should tightly control whether the minimum bid price is reasonable. The purpose is: a reasonable project cost is the guarantee of project quality. High-priced contracting will cause the owner to suffer investment losses; low-priced contracting will cause the contractor to perform irregular construction, insecure safety, delay the construction period, and have many hidden dangers in construction quality. Increasing the maintenance costs during the life of the project is really not worth the gain.
In the bid evaluation stage, in order to prevent collusion in raising bids, investment must be effectively controlled. Cost engineers should make owners realize that reasonable project costs are the economic guarantee of project quality. It is recommended that the owner adopt the three arithmetic average bid evaluation method for bid evaluation: (1) One hour before the opening of the quotation bid, all members of the bid evaluation committee shall submit a bid within ±5% of the bottom of the bid according to the complexity of the project. Can participate in bid evaluation.
Remove the highest value and the lowest value from the effective quotation, and take the arithmetic average as the effective quotation floating rate. (3) Then take the arithmetic mean of the approved floating rate of the bid base and the effective quoted floating rate to obtain the winning bid floating rate.
The winning bid floating rate has three important functions:
1) The winning bid floating rate can fairly determine the winning bidder, and the winning bid floating rate serves as a guideline: a. The one with the closest valid quotation will be given priority. ;b. The one with the lower price will have priority; c. When two or more valid quotes are the same, the winner will have priority. 2) If the bid price of the winning bidder is higher than the winning bid floating rate, the winning bid floating rate shall prevail; if it is lower than the winning bid floating rate, its own bidding price shall be used. 3) The winning bid floating rate. When the project is completed and settled, the project cost approved by the cost management department is multiplied by the winning bid floating rate as the project cost actually paid by the owner. Using the above-mentioned bid evaluation and winning methods can implement the principles of "openness, fairness, and fairness" and control the project cost within the "reasonable price" range.
3. In-process control of investment in the construction stage
In the process of investment control during the construction stage, the cost engineer takes the planned investment amount as the target value of investment control. During construction, the reasons for the deviation between the actual investment value and the target value are regularly analyzed, and effective measures are taken to control it to ensure the realization of the investment control objectives.
3.1. Cost engineers should carefully review the construction organization design, use economic and technical comparison methods to conduct comprehensive reviews, and strengthen investment control. The difference in construction methods has a great impact on the project cost. For example, for a project that the author was responsible for supervising, the original construction organization design: a large number of machines were used for earth excavation. Considering the impact of groundwater, construction machinery excavation accounted for 75%, manual excavation accounted for 25%, and there were precipitation facilities. The author carefully reviewed the construction organization design and found that the foundation excavation time was during the dry season, and the proportion of machinery and labor was unreasonable. After calculation and adjustment, mechanical excavation accounted for 92% and manual excavation accounted for 8%, and the precipitation cost was reduced, as The owner saves an investment. The original construction organization planned that all the excavated earth should be transported outside, and the earth should be backfilled and then transported back. After on-site investigation, the author found that there is an old factory building adjacent to the construction site that has not yet received funds and has been leveled and can be used. After contacting the owner, the old factory site was used to backfill the earthwork, which saved the round-trip freight. The cost engineer should also focus on reviewing the increased costs of various unreasonable construction measures in the construction organization design, and prevent the inducements of various claim incidents from being included. This kind of prior investment control will have the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort for future investment control in supervision work. .
3.2. Cost engineers should strictly control the payment of project progress payments. Project progress payment is an effective means of investment control and a strong guarantee of project quality and progress. Only project progress payments that are constructed according to the drawings, pass the quality inspection by the supervisor, and are verified by measurement will be reviewed and paid by the cost engineer.
Calculating the project volume and paying the progress payment on a monthly basis cannot directly reflect the degree of capital investment in the actual image of the project. In order to closely link the payment of the project progress payment with the project quality and progress, the cost The engineer should assist the owner to divide the project structure according to: foundation, second-story beam plate, third-story beam plate... main body capping, masonry completion and other visual progress to pay progress payment, clearly written in the contract. The owner can intuitively know how much money has been used to build the project to its current appearance, and the contractor's enthusiasm can also be effectively improved.
3.3. Cost engineers should strictly verify project changes to ensure that the total investment limit is not exceeded. During construction, we often encounter the problem of engineering changes due to poor design work, unforeseen accidents and other reasons. Therefore, to a large extent, the control of engineering changes has become the key to investment control during the construction phase.
Since the current on-site expenses, indirect expenses, etc. are all based on the direct expenses of the work material machine, the amount of direct expenses is large, and the indirect expenses are also large. This often causes some contractors to make engineering changes in pursuit of profits, such as changing general plastering to ceramic tiles, and changing garage cement mortar floors to terrazzo floors, etc. The cost engineer should assist the owner to determine whether engineering changes are needed from the perspectives of functionality, economy, and aesthetics. When ensuring the purpose of the change, try to replace high-priced materials with low-priced materials. In the author's supervision practice, a contractor once persuaded the owner to agree to change the terrazzo floor of the conference room floor to granite slabs. The reason was to match the overall color of the ceiling, walls, furnishings, etc. of the conference room. The conference room also served as a conference room. guest function. The author carefully reviewed the content of the project changes and believed that the owner wanted to achieve aesthetic and functional needs, but failed to consider that the cost of granite was very high and would exceed the total investment limit. It is recommended to use imitation granite 800×800 unglazed polished tiles to achieve the same effect and save an investment for the owner.
The cost engineer must carefully check the bill of quantities and estimate the project change price based on the project change content, conduct technical and economic analysis and comparison, check the changes in unit price, quantity and amount of each sub-item, and follow the project change in the contract The price terms determine the change price and calculate the impact of the project change on the total investment. Contractors should be prevented from "killing the pig and then negotiating the price" because if the measurement is verified after the project changes are implemented, the site will be completely different and the subsequent verification will be inaccurate. Only by standardizing engineering change operations, implementing prior checks, and proactive monitoring can investment in engineering changes be effectively controlled.
3.4. Cost engineers should correctly handle and prevent construction claims
During the construction process, there are many reasons for claims. Some contractors will look for claims opportunities, hoping to claim compensation, and more Want to get profit and time compensation. This requires that the cost engineer should be proficient in the terms of the construction contract, be familiar with the professional and technical standards of the engineering project, act as a "quasi-arbitrator" in claims events fairly, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of both parties to the contract. When a claim event occurs, the contractor will generally file a time limit or expense claim report based on its own records. The cost engineer should carefully study the terms of the contract and first check whether the claim report is submitted within the validity period of 28 days after the claim event occurs, otherwise the claim will not be made
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Established. Then identify and analyze the claim requirements. Because the supervision diary can faithfully record the visual progress of the project and the amount of physical work completed day by day, various internal and external, man-made and natural factors that affect the progress of the project, including the start and end times of typhoons, heavy rains, on-site water outages, and power outages.
Therefore, the cost engineer should classify the cause and responsibility of the claim event based on the supervision diary of the same period. If the contractor has paid extra expenses during the construction due to the owner or other reasons and there is real evidence, if there are clear terms in the contract, the contractor should be compensated for the actual losses in a timely and reasonable manner according to the claim procedure to ensure the normal construction of the project. Prevent comprehensive claims from occurring.
Handling claims is difficult and takes time and effort. Cost engineers should actively prevent or minimize the occurrence of claims through their own work:
(1) All possible claims should be accumulated Demonstration data. In meeting minutes on research technology, progress or other major issues, participants are required to sign as official documentation. (2) Supervision work should be carried out strictly in accordance with supervision work procedures to avoid claims for work delays. (3) Design modifications and engineering changes should be strictly controlled, and the cost should be carefully calculated and possible claims issues should be analyzed. (4) One should improve one's professional quality and adapt to the needs of supervision work. For example, delays in projects that are not the responsibility of the contractor may lead to claims for increased construction costs during the rainy season. This requires cost engineers to be able to skillfully calculate the six time parameters of the network plan, analyze whether project delays will have an impact on key lines, try to avoid rainy season construction, reduce or prevent claims for increased costs during rainy season construction, and save investment for owners. (5) Assist the owner to complete various tasks closely related to the progress of the project in a timely manner, such as providing qualified construction sites on schedule, providing construction drawings, materials, equipment, etc. according to quality, quantity, and schedule to avoid claims due to delays.
The cost engineer should assist the owner in counter-claim work, urge the contractor to fulfill its obligations under the contract, and ensure project quality and on-time completion.
Visa for work stoppage, day-work visa, visa for using machinery, visa for material substitution and material price adjustment that involve economic expenses during the construction phase should be reviewed by the cost engineer. Investments that cannot be used must be carry out effective control.
4. Post-investment control at the completion and settlement stage of the project
Cost engineers should carefully review the completion settlement in a timely manner during the post-investment control at the completion and settlement stage of the project. This is the most important link in investment control during the construction phase. The specific contents of the review include: whether the completion settlement complies with the terms of the contract, bidding documents, whether the settlement is prepared in accordance with the quota and engineering measurement rules, and the price adjustment regulations of the cost management department, etc. According to the contract, drawings, quotas and project budgets, etc., project changes, increase or decrease in project volume, material replacement, and materials and equipment supplied by Party A shall be reviewed item by item, and no duplicates or omissions will be missed. When in doubt, check the supervision diary at that time and conduct on-site verification. If the steel bar overlap during construction is modified to electroslag pressure welding by design, the amount of electroslag pressure welding is calculated in the settlement statement, but the weight of the steel bars in the overlap length and the weight of the dense stirrups in the overlap area are not reduced, and the calculation should be recalculated. If the local government closes some gravel yards to green mountains and forests, causing the price of gravel to rise and deviate from the fixed price, the floor material price difference coefficient of the local costing department must be used for correction. The cost engineer should promptly grasp the impact of construction methods and material prices on the cost, be impartial, and correctly review the completed settlement so that the completed settlement truly reflects the project cost.
Regarding the issue of cost engineers safeguarding the rights and interests of the supervision unit, there are several points worth paying attention to: (1) Some owners default on supervision fees due to tight funds in the later stages of the project or human factors, so we should respond with emotion. Only by being reasonable and recovering supervision fees in a timely manner according to the supervision contract and ensuring the normal operation of the supervision unit can we better serve the owners. (2) For project delays or shutdowns caused by non-supervision reasons, or major project changes that increase the amount of work, the amount of compensation for supervision fees should be clearly stated in the supervision contract. (3) The scope of supervision should be clearly defined in the supervision contract, and the words "XX, etc." should not appear to prevent the auxiliary projects of the supervised project from receiving supervision fees.
(4) For rational suggestions, terms such as reward ratio and payment time should be clearly stated in the supervision contract. As long as the rational suggestions put forward by the supervisor are implemented and save construction funds for the owner, The owner should reward the supervision unit according to the terms of the supervision contract. The cost engineer must pay attention to accumulating the "Regular Project Meeting Records", "Supervision Notice" and other materials, and require the signatures of the participants as the original materials for obtaining rewards from the owner.
To sum up, cost engineers should correctly use the right to review project measurement, review the payment of project progress payments, and review the project cost in the supervision work, and proactively make investment decisions, design, contracting, and construction of construction projects. Implement effective control of investment in every link such as investment, settlement and settlement, give full play to the highly intelligent service role of supervision, and achieve the three control goals of quality, construction period, and investment, so that the supervision cause is generally recognized by the whole society, and the social status and benefits of supervision are truly improved.
The implementation of the construction project completion acceptance filing system gives supervisors greater power and greater responsibility. There is an urgent need to equip supervision units with cost engineers to strengthen investment control of projects under supervision.
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