Ding Zhaozhong, male,/kloc-0 was born on October 27th in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 1936. Born in Rizhao, Shandong, China, he is an experimental physicist.
1959 obtained bachelor's degree in physics and bachelor's degree in mathematics from the University of Michigan; 1962 received a doctorate in physics from the university of Michigan; 1965, he discovered the deuterium; The electron radius is measured at 1967, and it is found that the electron has no volume, and the radius is less than 10e- 14cm. 1969, he measured the transformation between ordinary light and light with mass (that is, vector mesons), and proved that high-energy ordinary light can be transformed into vector mesons. In the same year, he was a professor in the physics department of MIT. 1975 was elected as an academician of the American Academy of Arts; 1974 discovered the bound state of the fourth quark j particle, so it contributed. 1975 was awarded the Lorenz Prize by the American government, and 1976 won the Nobel Prize in physics. 1977 was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences; Glue injection was found in1979; 1989 only three generations of neutrinos were identified. From 65438 to 0994, he led AMS experiments to find antimatter and dark matter in space. In the same year, he was elected as a foreign academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1998, it was first discovered in space that the spatial distribution of helium -4 and isotope helium -3 was different. In 20 15, it was first discovered that there were a large number of high-energy positrons in space, and the sources of these positrons were probably produced by dark matter collisions.
Major achievements
academic achievement
The discovery of deuterium nucleus.
A series of experiments spanning 20 years have verified the correctness of quantum electrodynamics, and confirmed that electrons, muons and ceramics are point particles with a diameter not exceeding 10 cm.
3. Accurately measuring the phase and branching ratio of lepton decay of vector particles provides important evidence for quark model.
4. Study the mechanism of photon producing vector meson, and confirm the similarity between photon and vector meson.
5. The double muons in CERN ISR are studied, and the scaling characteristics and generation mechanism of vector muons are measured.
6. Found gluon jet.
7. Study the properties of gluons on the electron-positron collider PETRA.
8. Accurately measure the charge asymmetry of muons and verify the standard model.
9. Study the properties of Z and W particles on the LEP collider, and accurately measure the types of neutrinos.
10. Search for dark matter and antimatter in the universe with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station.
For vocational trainers
Starting from 1983, Ding Zhaozhong organized and led an international cooperation group-L3 group, which is going to carry out high-energy physics experiments on the high-energy electron-positron collider LEP built by the European Nuclear Center in 1989, and will look for new ones in the energy region of the centroid system with the energy of1kloc-0/ev. L3 Group has nearly 600 physicists in about 13 countries, including China.
Ding Zhaozhong is keen on training high-energy physics talents in China, and often goes back to China to select young scientists to work in the group he leads. He was hired as an honorary professor of China University of Science and Technology and a member of the Academic Committee of Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1985 President Li Xiannian receives Professor and Dr. Ding.
In the L3 experiment of CERN, an accelerator with a circumference of 27 kilometers was used, and 65.438+000 billion electron volts of positrons collided with 65.438+000 billion negative electrons. The heat it produces in an instant is equivalent to.
It is 400 billion times the surface temperature of the sun and the first temperature of 65.438+000 billionth of a second when the universe was born. The magnet used in the experimental instrument is 654.38 million tons, and the detector includes 300 tons of uranium, all from the Soviet Union. This is the first large-scale international cooperation involving 600 scientists from 19 countries, including the United States, the Soviet Union, China and Europe. The government of China supported L3 experiment very much and provided great help, including a very advanced computer, and also produced BGO crystal in Shanghai Silicate Factory. L3 Experiment * * * published about 300 articles, and about 300 people got their doctorates because of this research project.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize was founded in 1900 with part of the legacy of Alfred bernhard Nobel, a famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosives (SEK 31100,000). Nobel prizes are divided into six categories: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics. In the world, the Nobel Prize is generally regarded as the most important prize in the award-winning field.
The annual interest or investment income of the fund is awarded to those who have made great contributions to mankind in these fields. Awarded the license for the first time on 190 1. By the end of 20 17, * * * had awarded the license to 892 individuals and 24 groups. Nobel prizes include gold medals, certificates and bonuses. 1968, on the occasion of its 300th anniversary, the National Bank of Sweden donated a large sum of money to the Nobel Fund and added the "Nobel Prize in Economic Science in Memory of the National Bank of Sweden", which was first awarded in 1969. People are used to calling this extra prize the Nobel Prize in Economics.
According to relevant statistics, as of 20 17, the universities (faculty, alumni and staff) with the largest number of Nobel Prizes in 10 are 1 respectively. Harvard University (133);
2. Cambridge University (97th);
Columbia University (96);
4. University of California, Berkeley (94th);
5. University of Chicago (92);
6. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (88);
7. Stanford University (67);
8 (tied). Oxford University (66);
9 California Institute of Technology (66);
10. Yale University, USA (58).
origin
Alfred bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden. He is an outstanding chemist, engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. During his lifetime, he obtained 355 patents for technological inventions, among which the invention of nitroglycerin to make explosives was the most famous. He not only engaged in research and invention, but also carried out industrial practice and set up industry. He opened about 100 companies and factories in 20 countries on five continents, such as Europe and America, and accumulated huge wealth. When Nobel died, he made a will: "Please turn my property into a fund, and use the interest of this fund as a bonus every year to reward those who made good contributions to mankind in the previous year."
According to his will, the international Nobel Prize was established from 190 1. The first prize was won in19011210, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death. Since then, in addition to the wartime interruption, the king will hold a grand award ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway on this day every year.
1968, on the occasion of its 300th anniversary, the Swedish National Bank (the oldest central bank in the world) provided funds to add the Nobel Prize in Economics (the full name is Alfred Bernd Nobel Prize in Economic Science of the Swedish Central Bank, also known as the Nobel Prize in Economics), which was awarded at the same time as the other five prizes in 1969. The selection principle of the Nobel Prize in Economics is to award those who have made significant contributions in the field of economic science research, and give priority to those who have made significant contributions in the early stage.
Nobel will
In his will, Nobel donated about 6,543.8+0,000 Swedish kronor to more than ten relatives and friends, and the rest (3,654.38+0,000 Swedish kronor) was used to set up the Nobel Prize. The contents of the Nobel Prize in his will are as follows:
I, the undersigned Alfred Berhard Nobel, after careful consideration, hereby declare that the following is my will to dispose of my property after death:
Here, I ask the executor to dispose of the remaining property I can realize in the following ways: convert the above property into cash, and then make safe and reliable investment; Use this fund to establish a foundation, and the interest generated by the fund will be awarded annually to those who have made outstanding contributions to mankind in the previous year. Divide the interest into five equal parts as follows:
A prize is awarded to the person who has made the most important discovery or invention in physics;
One prize is awarded to the person who has made the most important discovery or improvement in chemistry;
A prize is awarded to those who have made the most important discoveries in the fields of medicine and physiology;
An award is awarded to those who have created the best works with ideal tendency in the literary world;
The last prize is awarded to those who have done their best or made the greatest contribution to promoting national unity and friendship, abolishing or reducing the standing army, and organizing and publicizing the peace conference.
The physics prize and chemistry prize are awarded by the Swedish Academy of Science in Stockholm; The prize for medicine and physiology is awarded by Caroline Medical College in Stockholm; The literature prize is awarded by Stockholm Academy of Literature; The Peace Prize is awarded by a five-member committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament.
Regardless of the nationality of the winning candidate, that is, regardless of whether he or she is Scandinavian or not, whoever is the most qualified should get the bonus. I hereby declare that it is my urgent desire to distribute bonuses in this way. ...
This is a valid will among all my wills. After my death, if I find any previous will on property disposal, it will be invalid.
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Main awards: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize and Nobel Prize in Economics.