Inscriptions and postscripts are Chinese words, and the Chinese pinyin is tíbá

Inscriptions and postscripts are classified as follows:

Inscriptions and postscripts are written on books, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting works, reviews, stories, and Verify text on versions and origins. If it is inscribed by the calligrapher or painter himself, it is called his own inscription and postscript; if it is written by someone else, it is called someone else's inscription and postscript. At the same time, it is also divided into postscripts written by the author's contemporaries or descendants. The inscriptions and postscripts written by later generations often contain textual research content, and of course there are also purely ornamental ones. In short, inscriptions and postscripts are divided into three categories: those of the author, those of contemporaries, and those of later generations.

1. The author's own inscriptions and postscripts

can also be divided into two aspects: "style" and "title", which refer to the name (signature) and the signature of the calligrapher and painter on the calligraphy and painting. Inscription. The name on the painting must be within the frame, while the name on the calligraphy must be after the full text. Whether it's a name or an inscription, it's all calligraphy itself, and it falls within the scope of identifying authenticity.

2. Inscriptions and postscripts by contemporaries

Often they are comments and impressions of the work itself, or descriptions of when, where, and under what circumstances the work was viewed. or the creation of this work. Since the Han Dynasty, paintings have never been attributed to the author. Although Gu Kaizhi's "Nv Shi Zhen" of the Jin Dynasty has a famous title, the title is different from the writing style of the proverb and was added by later generations.

There are very few Tang Dynasty paintings with the author's name. Works from the Southern Tang Dynasty are also reported to have famous names, but most of the existing works are added later. Inscriptions began to be signed during the Northern Song Dynasty, but in the early days, they only simply wrote their names. Some painters in the art academy added the word "chen" before the name, which was usually written on corners, tree trunks, rocks, etc. inconspicuous places.

For example, in Guo Xi's "Picture of a Nest of Stones Pingyuan", in the middle and lower part of the left side of the painting, the famous inscription "Picture of a Nest of Stones Pingyuan, painted by Guo Xi in Wuwu, Yuanfeng" is written in small characters in official script; another example is Liang Shimin's "Picture of Snow on Lu Ting "Volume, the inscription is in the middle of the back end of the frame: "Lu Ting is dense with snow, painted by Liang Shimin."

3. Inscriptions and postscripts by later generations

As for inscriptions, as late as the time of Mi Fu and Su Shi, although literati paintings were advocated, there were still no long and large postscripts on paintings or paintings. After the volume. It was probably not until Mi Fu's son Mi Youren and others that there were more inscriptions and postscripts. In the Yuan Dynasty, the trend changed, emphasizing the combination of poetry, calligraphy and painting. This trend has flourished since then and has continued into modern times.