Now, all the systems have been developed and everything can be taught.
Seal name
Seal is a unique handicraft in China, which integrates calligraphy and sculpture. Because of its artistic attributes, calligraphy is slightly different from ordinary arts and crafts, so it is also called "seal cutting". The names of seals have evolved several times, and the names of different dynasties are different. Here is a brief introduction.
[seal]
"Seal" is the earliest name of seal. Before the Qin Dynasty, official seal and private seal were both called "seal". However, this "seal" is written as either "Jin Er" or "Tu Er", which is named because the material is different from copper and soil. After Qin unified the six countries, a series of hierarchical systems were formulated, and "Jeff Ling Cheng" was set up in Shaofu to take charge of the seal system. At that time, it was stipulated that the emperor called it "seal" alone (from then on [Jin Er] wrote "seal"), and its material was jade, while the subjects only called it "seal" and could not use jade. The Han dynasty basically followed the Qin system, but the system was slightly relaxed, and some princes called it "sealing".
Fu Xiang in the Warring States Period [Jin Er]
The Seal of Empress Han
[seal]
"Seal" was first seen in the official seal of the Qin Dynasty, but it was only used by some local officials and called "seal". It is also stipulated in Hanshu Jiuyi that any stone from 200 to 600 is called "seal", while the generic seal is called "private seal", and the private seal in Xin Mang is also called "seal letter" or "letter seal". The title of "seal" has been used to this day.
Han Qingling's Long Seal (Official Seal)
Su Han Xun Xin Seal (Private Seal)
[Bao]
According to Tang Shuyu Fu, Wu Zetian of Tang Dynasty changed her surname to Bao in the first year of Yan Zai (AD 694) because she thought that "feng" and "death" were homonyms. Later, Tang Zhongzong acceded to the throne, and used the old system called the national seal. Also called a bag. From the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, "seal" and "treasure" were used together.
[seal]
In the Han and Wei Dynasties, the general print was generally called "Zhang". These seals are often hastily carved in order to keep appointments temporarily during the March, and are called "urgent seals". This kind of seal is directly engraved on the surface of the seal with a knife, which is often full of interest and unique in style, and has a great influence on the development of seal cutting in later generations. In the official seal, "Taishou" and "Shi Yu" are also called "Zhang".
[remember]
"Ji" is generally found in the official seals of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are also seals in the name of "Zhu Ji".
Tang Youce stayed in Ningzhou for Zhu Ji.
Song. Le An Yao Feng's Personal Notes