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What are the 21 unequal treaties signed by Yuan Shikai?

1. The Japanese government promises to recognize all the sanctions that the Japanese government intends to agree with the German government in the future, such as the granting of all rights and interests to the China government by Shandong Province in accordance with treaties or other relations.

2. The government of China promises that all the land and islands in Shandong Province and its coastal areas, no matter what the name, will not be transferred or leased to other countries.

3. The Japanese government allows China to build a railway connecting Yantai or Longkou with Jiaoji route.

4. China government promises to open major cities in Shandong Province as commercial ports as soon as possible for foreigners to live and trade; The place where it should be opened shall be agreed separately.

5. The two contracting countries have mutually agreed to extend the lease term of Lushun and Dalian, as well as that of South Manchuria and Anfeng railways, to 99 years.

6. Japanese nationals in southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia can obtain the lease right or ownership of the land they need for building factories for industrial application or for farming.

7. Japanese nationals may live and travel freely in South Manchuria and East Inner Mongolia, and engage in various businesses such as commerce and industry.

8. The China government promised to grant the mining rights in South Manchuria and East Inner Mongolia to Japanese nationals. As for the proposed mines, they will be negotiated separately.

9. When South Manchuria and East Inner Mongolia allow others to build railways, or borrow money from other countries for railway construction.

1. when the taxes in southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia are offset and borrowed from other countries.

11. The Japanese government promises that if the Japanese government hires political, financial and military consultants to teach in South Manchuria and East Inner Mongolia, it must first consult with the Japanese government.

12. The Japanese government has agreed to appoint the Japanese government for the management and operation of Ji-Chang Railway, with a term of 99 years from the date of signing this contract.

13. The two contracting parties mutually agree that Hanyeping Company will be a joint venture between the two countries when there are considerable opportunities in the future; It also promised that without the consent of the Japanese government, the China government would not dispose of all the industries belonging to the company, nor would it make the company dispose of them at will.

14. The China Municipal Government allows that all mines near Hanyeping Company are not allowed to be mined by anyone outside the company without the consent of the company; In addition, it is allowed that any action that may directly or indirectly affect the company must be approved by the company first.

15. The China government has allowed all harbors and islands along the coast of China not to be ceded or leased to other countries.

16. In the central government of China, Japanese people must be employed as political, financial and military advisers.

17. All Japanese hospitals, monasteries, schools, etc. established in China Mainland are allowed to own land.

18. There have been frequent police cases in China and China, resulting in a lot of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to take the police in necessary places as joint ventures between Japan and China, or to employ most Japanese to plan and improve the Japanese police organs.

19. China purchases a certain amount of ordnance from Japan (for example, more than half of the ordnance required by the Japanese government), or sets up a Sino-Japanese joint ordnance factory in China to hire Japanese technicians and purchase Japanese materials.

2. China has granted the right to build the railway connecting Wuchang with Jiujiang and Nanchang, and the railways in Nanchang, Hangzhou, Nanchang and Chaozhou to Japan.

21. If foreign capital is needed for the preparation of railways and mines in Fujian Province and the rectification of Haikou (including shipyards), an agreement should be reached with Japan first.

22. China recognizes that Japanese people have the right to teach in China.

Extended information:

In p>1914, when the First World War broke out, Japan forcibly sent troops to take over the German (allied) concession in Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province, and along the Jiaoji Railway, and the China government was unable to stop it.

in order to raise funds, Sun Yat-sen signed a Sino-Japanese loan case of Han Yeping. On February 2, 1915, Japan secretly asked Yuan Shikai for the requirements of Article 21, which were similar to the loan case.

and forced the Beiyang government to recognize all the privileges of Japan replacing Germany in China, further expand Japan's rights and interests in Manchuria and Mongolia, and promised to hire Japanese as consultants.

Japan's request is equivalent to including China as its protectorate. Although the US government protested against Japan when it heard the news, the Japanese side did not withdraw its main demands.

From February 2 to May 7, 1915, it lasted 15 days, and Yuan Shikai's government negotiated with Japan for more than 2 times. During the negotiations, the representatives of China resisted Japanese demands.

Yuan Shikai's government has taken various measures to delay time and reveal Japan's unreasonable demands to all sectors of society, with a view to the international community interfering in this case and arousing domestic public opinion to crusade against Japan. The domestic public's voice against Article 21 is growing louder and louder.

On April 26th, 1915, the representative of Japan proposed the final amendment and made some small concessions. On May 1st, China proposed an amendment, but still insisted on its own position, so the Japanese government abridged the fifth requirement, which was the most unfavorable to China.

On May 6, 1915, Yuan Shikai stated in "President Yuan Shikai's Power Saving" that China's coastal harbors and islands should not be ceded or leased to other countries, and hiring Japanese consultants, Sino-Japanese joint police, ordnance, etc. are "the most important points to control my life and death".

in China, it is not appropriate to break up and ravage the overall situation. However, we should try our best to save one point, that is, to recover one point of rights.

The Japanese government finally became angry from embarrassment and issued an ultimatum to Yuan Shikai's government on May 7, giving a reply before 6: pm on May 9, otherwise necessary measures will be taken. ?

At this time, Japan assumed the posture of a great war, with warships cruising around the Bohai Sea, Shandong and Fengtian troops increasing, Kanto martial law being imposed, and Japanese overseas Chinese returning home in succession.

On May 8th, Yuan Shikai called a meeting of government officials. Yuan Shikai thought that Japan had withdrawn the most unfavorable clause No.5 for China, which was no longer a condition for national subjugation. In order to avoid war, he accepted the Japanese condition.

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