A pen is a writing instrument mainly made of metal, which is contained in a hollow pen tube.
pen
Ink (mostly black or blue) is written by gravity and capillary action, and then written with duckbill pen, with different weights when writing. It can be said that it is a writing tool of western calligraphy. Most pens can be replenished with ink. Generally speaking, vials or straws such as eye drops are used to supplement the kit. The earliest historical record of the fountain pen can be traced back to 10 century, and this earliest fountain pen has been used until 18 century. The development process was very slow, but it was not until the beginning of the 9th century that a pen with stable and accelerated flow was invented in the production process. Only three key inventions have made the pen a widely popular writing tool. These inventions are: gold nib made of iridium, hard rubber and free-flowing ink.
pen point
The nib can be said to be the most critical part of the pen, with various changes from fine to thick. Generally, the most common pen tip sizes are "B (width), M (medium), FM (fine-medium), F (fine), EF (extra fine)", etc. B is from coarse to fine. M>F & gtEF, pen tip size Each pen factory will have some differences in specifications. Under the same size unit, the Japanese pen will be thinner than the European pen.
According to the usual writing habits, Westerners usually use M-tip as the main pen and choose B-tip when signing. Due to the complexity of Chinese writing strokes, F or thinner EF pen tips can generally be used.
Hold the ground
The assembly formed by wrapping and fixing the pen tip and tongue with tubular material is called the holding position. The position of grip is closely related to the comfort of grip. In addition to the common circular cross section, various ergonomic designs often contain the ingenuity of designers. In addition, the friction, hardness, size and shape of the pen holding position also have a great relationship with the writing feel.
pen container
The tubular structure connecting the holding position and covering the ink storage device is called a pen holder. The material and shape of the pen holder are variable. The design is divided into general size and short rod. When writing with a short rod, the pen sleeve is sleeved at the end of the pen holder, and the increased length makes it more comfortable to hold and write.
Water supply/ink storage mechanism
The ink supply/storage mechanism includes dropping ink supply, ink box ink tube, piston ink supply, ink absorber, pressure bag ink supply, pull rod ink supply, underwater ink supply, etc.
Drip ink is directly stored in the pen tube behind the handle. When replenishing ink, loosen the grip and directly inject ink into the pen tube with the dropper. The advantage is that the ink storage capacity is large, and the disadvantage is that it is easy to seep out and cause pollution.
The cartridge ink tube is to seal the ink in a sealed ink tube, and then install it behind the holding position when using it. The ink conduit protruding behind the holding position is used to pierce the seal of the ink conduit or push the bead closing the ink conduit away to allow the ink to flow along the ink conduit to the pen tip. The bead sealing the ink tube has another function: due to the small volume of the ink tube, the weight of the stored ink may not be enough to overcome the adhesion between the ink and the wall of the ink tube (capillary phenomenon), resulting in the accumulation of ink above the ink tube and unable to flow into the nib. At this time, the beads in the ink tube move with the writing action, which is enough to destroy the adhesion of ink to the wall of the ink tube.
Ink is coated on the piston, and a hollow sleeve is connected behind the holding position. There is a knob linked with the pen tail in the sleeve, which can move back and forth in the sleeve under the control of the knob. When the piston retreats, it is convenient for the negative pressure in the sleeve to suck out the ink through the pen tip and store it in the sleeve.
Ink is applied to the pressure bag, and an ink bag made of rubber or silica gel is connected behind the holding position. The interior of the ink bag is a space for storing ink. Usually, there is a U-shaped reed outside the ink bag to protect the ink bag. When applying ink, the reed squeezes the ink bag to exhaust air, and after the pressure is released, the ink bag returns to its original state to absorb ink.
The inking of the pull rod is the deformation of the inking of the pressure bag. The pen holder is equipped with a pull rod. When inking, pull the pull rod and press down the ink bag in the pen holder to ink.
Crescent ink is also a variant of ink in pressure bag. The penholder is equipped with an arc-shaped (crescent-shaped) button, and the arc tenon usually attached to the penholder passes through the gap between the penholder and the arc-shaped button to prevent accidental contact with the inking mechanism. When inking, remove the tenon to make the crescent tenon press down and press the ink bag in the pen holder.
Coin inking is also a change of pressure bag inking. There is a long hole in the pen holder. When inking, coins are inserted into the long hole, and the ink bag in the pen holder is pressed with ink.
The ink absorber can be regarded as a combination of box ink tube and piston ink or pressure bag ink. The ink cartridge combined with the holding position is at the front, and the pressure bag or piston ink feeding mechanism is at the back. When the ink absorber is not used, the cartridge ink tube with the same specification can be removed and replaced.
There are many kinds and models of pens. According to the composition of the nib, it can be divided into three types: gold pen, iridium pen and ink bag pen.
pen
The nib is made of gold alloy, which is soft, elastic and comfortable. But the gold pen is expensive, soft and difficult to master, so it is not suitable for beginners.
iridium-point pen
The nib does not contain gold, and it is partially gilded. The nib is hard, but it is cheap and good. It is a tool suitable for beginners to write.
The reason why gold nib and iridium nib are more durable than pen nib lies in the small round particles on the pen nib. This small round particle is made of iridium ruthenium alloy, which is very hard and wear-resistant. According to the experiment of Shanghai Jinxing Golden Pen Factory, if the pen tip and the pen tip are placed on the oilstone at the same time, after one hour, the wear of the pen tip is only 0.07 mm, while the wear of the pen tip is as high as 5 mm!
Although the price varies greatly, the iridium particles in the nib are all special alloys "iridium, ruthenium"! The reason why the smoothness is so different is that the polishing method and fineness are different. So in a sense, the gold pen and the iridium pen are the same. But the material and feel are different, which leads to the price gap!
Ink contains a small amount of sulfuric acid, but this corrosive sulfuric acid will pose a serious threat to pens. If the nib is made of ordinary steel, it won't stand the corrosion of sulfuric acid for a long time. What metal can resist corrosion? Gold, iridium and stainless steel. Gold is a corrosion-resistant metal, and people think of using it to make pen tips. But pure gold is too soft to be used directly as a nib. The golden pen we usually talk about, the nib is all alloy. The tip of a better gold pen is marked with the words 14K, indicating that it contains 58% gold, and there are also silver and copper: those marked with 12K indicate that it contains 50% gold. This not only improves the hardness, but also has excellent elasticity. The silver-white round particles on the gold nib are called iridium particles. This is an alloy, mainly iridium and other rare metals, which is particularly wear-resistant. Because when you write, you have to rely on it to draw on paper, and it often takes a lifetime of "Wan Li Road". The nib of iridium pen is made of stainless steel. Fortunately, the small round particles on the iridium pen are exactly the same as those on the gold pen. Therefore, the use effect of iridium pen is similar to that of gold pen, but the price is much cheaper. So cheap iridium pens are very popular. Ordinary dip pens and pens have a much shorter service life without embedded iridium particles in their tips.
Ink bag pen
The ink bag pen does not need to absorb ink, but it can be used by inserting a special ink bag.
I hope it can help you solve the problem.