1. The history of the pen holder
The pen holder is one of the stationery utensils.
It is a cylindrical vessel for holding pens. Most of them have a straight mouth, straight walls, and similar bottoms. The shape is relatively simple and has not changed much. The age at which the pen holder was produced is unknown. Wu Luji of the Three Kingdoms wrote in his "Mao Poems on Plants, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Insects, Fish, Borers, and Cockroaches": "Take mulberries and insects and put them in the air in the wood, or put them in the writing slips and put them in the pen holder, and they will melt in seven days."
It is unknown whether the pen holder mentioned is today's pen holder. Judging from the items handed down from generation to generation, most of them date from the middle to late Ming Dynasty. There are also no pen holders from the Song and Yuan Dynasties unearthed from tombs.
"Stationery Collection" by Tulong of the Ming Dynasty: "It is made of Xiang bamboo, and the edge of rosewood and ebony is used as a base for elegance, but the rest is not of high quality." Mingwen Zhenheng's "Chronicles of Things" says: "Brush holders made of Xiang bamboo or palm trees are better."
Therefore, there is a theory that the pen holder is a thing of the late Ming Dynasty, but check "Zhixu Zazu" written by an unknown person in the Song Dynasty: "Xizhi has a clever stone pen holder, named 'Hu'; he also has a mottled bamboo pen holder, named 'Qiu Zhong' 'There is nothing like it in the world.' It seems that the age of the pen holder should be pushed back to at least the Song Dynasty.
2. The historical story of the writing brush (short)
In 223 BC, the Qin general Meng Tian led his troops to fight abroad, and he had to regularly write battle reports and submit them to the King of Qin.
At that time, people used bamboo sticks to write, which was very inconvenient. They had to dip in ink again after writing a few times. One day, while hunting, Mengtian saw a rabbit's tail dragging blood on the ground, and he couldn't help but feel inspired.
He immediately cut off some rabbit tail hair, inserted it into a bamboo tube, and tried to use it to write. But rabbit fur is shiny and does not absorb ink. Meng Tian tried a few more times, but it still didn't work, so he threw the "rabbit hair pen" into the stone pit in front of the door. One day, he accidentally saw the brush he had thrown away. After picking it up, he found that the wet rabbit fur had become whiter.
He dipped the rabbit hair pen into the ink pan, and the rabbit tail became very "obedient" and he could write very smoothly. It turns out that the water in the stone pit contains lime. After being soaked in alkaline water, the grease on the rabbit hair was removed and it became supple. Legend has it that this is the origin of the brush.
There are also some records in history about the Qin Dynasty general Meng Tian making pens. At that time, Qin general Meng Tian led his army to attack Chu and went south to the Zhongshan area. Seeing that the rabbit hair there was very good, he used it to make brushes, and the brush was born. "Taiping Yulan" quoted from "Natural History": "Meng Tian made the brush." ??Cui Bao also said in "Annotations to Ancient and Modern Times": "Since Meng Tian began to make it, it is the Qin brush ear. It uses dead wood as the tube, deer hair as the column, and wool as the pillar." For quilt. The so-called Canghao is not a rabbit-haired bamboo tube." 3. History and information about pens
The writing pen in my country has a very early origin. Judging from the inscriptions on oracle bones that have not been carved with knives, primitive pens already existed in the Xia and Shang dynasties. If we look at the patterns on painted pottery from the Neolithic period, the origin of the pen can be traced back to more than 5,000 years ago.
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, writing pens had been produced and used in all countries. At that time, the pen had many names: Wu was called "Bulu", Yan was called "Fu", Chu was called "Xing", and Qin was called "Bi".
After Qin Shihuang unified the country, "pen" became the name, and it has been used to this day. Legend has it that the brush we use was invented by Meng Tian, ??a general of the Qin State during the Warring States Period.
In 223 BC, General Meng Kuo of the State of Qin led his troops to fight with the State of Chu in the Zhongshan area. The two sides fought fiercely and the war dragged on for a long time. In order for the King of Qin to keep abreast of the situation on the battlefield, Meng Tian had to write regular battle reports and send them to the King of Qin.
At that time, people usually dipped their sticks in ink and then wrote on silk cloth. The writing speed was very slow. Although Meng Tian was a military general, he was full of literary talent. Using the pen mentioned above to write battle reports often made him feel that it affected his thoughts.
That kind of pen is hard. If the ink is dipped too little, you will have to stop and dip it again after writing a few words. If the ink is dipped too much, it will drip down, which will stain the very precious silk. Dirty. Meng Tian had had the idea of ??modifying his pen before, but this time he had to write a large number of battle reports, so his desire became stronger and stronger.
During the breaks between wars, Meng Tian likes to go hunting in the wild.
One day, he shot some wild rabbits and returned to the military camp. Because there were so many rabbits shot, it was heavy to carry in my hand. One rabbit was hugged by its tail on the ground, and the blood left a curved trace on the ground. When Meng Tian saw it, he couldn't help but think: "Wouldn't it be better if I used a rabbit tail instead of an ordinary pen to write?"
After returning to the barracks, Meng Tian immediately cut off a rabbit tail and inserted it in I tried to use it to write on a bamboo tube, but the rabbit fur was shiny and did not absorb ink. The words written on the silk were intermittent and did not look good. Meng Tian tried several more times, but it still didn't work, and the good piece of silk was wasted. In a rage, he threw the "rabbit hair pen" into the rock pit in front of the door.
Meng Tian was not resigned to failure and still found time to think about other ways to improve. A few days passed, and he still didn't find a suitable solution. On this day, he walked out of the barracks and wanted to get some fresh air. When he walked through the rock pit, he saw the "rabbit hair pen" that he had thrown away in the pit.
Meng Tian picked it up and pinched the rabbit fur with his fingers. He found that the rabbit fur was moist and became whiter and softer. Meng Tian was greatly inspired, and immediately ran back to the barracks and dipped it into the ink. At this time, the rabbit tail became very "obedient", sucking up enough ink, writing very smoothly, and the font became rounded.
It turns out that the water in the rock pit contains lime. After being soaked in alkaline water, the rabbit fur becomes softer. Since the pen was made of bamboo tube and rabbit hair, Meng Tian added the prefix "bamboo" to the popular pen name "Xing" at the time and called it "Bamboo" (today's abbreviation is "Bi").
Extended information:
Famous pens in history:
1. Hu brush
Hu brush is also called Hui ink, rice paper and Duan inkstone. It is one of the "Four Treasures of the Study" and an important symbol of the long and glorious Chinese civilization. The hometown of Hubi is Shanlian Town. There is the Bizu Mengtian Temple in the local area. According to legend, Qin Shihuang’s general Meng Tian invented the writing brush by “using dead wood as a tube, deer hair as a pillar, and wool as a quilt (coat).”
In 2006, Hubi writing techniques were selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list.
2. Taicang writing brush
Taicang writing brush is a kind of folk handicraft. The craftsmanship of Taicang brushes in Mengjin County, Luoyang City has a history of more than 300 years. At its peak, Taicang brushes were used as office pens for officials. Because most of the makers of Taicang brushes were people with the surname Pan, they were known as "Southern Hubei and North Pan" said.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Four Treasures of the Study 4. History of the Writing Brush
It is said that the writing brush was created by Meng Tian, ??so Houdian, Hengshui, Hebei Province and Shanlian, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province are still known as the hometown of writing brushes. Every third day of the third lunar month is like celebrating the New Year. Every family makes dumplings, drinks wine and celebrates to commemorate Meng Tian’s creation of calligraphy brushes.
Since the Yuan Dynasty, the "Hu brush" produced in Shanlian Town, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province with the characteristics of "point, neat, round and strong" has become the most famous brush variety in the country. The writing brush has had different names throughout the ages.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the princes ruled the roost. At this time, different countries had different names for brushes.
The state of Wu (now Jiangsu) was called "Bulu", and the state of Chu (now Hubei) was called "cha (bamboo)". After Qin Shihuang unified China, they were all called "writing brushes".
Bai Juyi called the pen "hair awl", and the poem "Ji Wei Zhi" says: "The eye is as sharp as a razor, and the edge of the brush is as sharp as a cone.". 5. The history of fountain pens,,,,
1 English name editor
Pen; Fountain
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2 fountain pen history editor
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Fountain pen
A fountain pen is a writing instrument that mainly uses metal as the pen body. It contains ink (mostly black or blue[1]) through a hollow pen tube. and capillary action, and then write through the duckbill-style pen, which has different weights when writing. It can be said to be a writing tool for Western calligraphy. The ink in most fountain pens is refillable, usually using an eyedrop vial or a straw to refill the ink. The earliest historical records of water-filled fountain pens date back to the 10th century, and this earliest water-filled fountain pen was used until the 18th century.
Development was slow, however, until the early 19th century, when a fountain pen with a steadily accelerating flow was invented during production. Only three key inventions made the fountain pen a widely popular writing instrument. These inventions were: iridium gold nibs, hard rubber, and free-flowing ink.
Pen case
The first pen to use the above three key inventions was manufactured around the 1850s. But it wasn't until the 1880s that mass production began. France's Waterman and Wirt were the main producers at that time. Waterman later left Wirt. Become a large company specializing in fountain pens. Now, together with Parker and Montblanc, it is known as the three most famous pens in the world.
In the early 20th century, American pens were gradually imported into China and distributed in coastal cities. Subsequently, pens of various brands such as "Conklin", "Eversharp", "Pelikan", "Sheaffer" and "Parker" followed. Influx. 6. The history of the fountain pen
There is a story behind the invention of the fountain pen. It is said that when an Englishman named Waterman was signing a contract, his quill leaked and soiled the contract paper. When he went to pick up the new contract, another competitor snatched it away. He was deeply impressed and decided to design an advanced pen. He invented the pen based on the principle of capillaries in plants transporting liquids.
The fountain pen is a commonly used writing instrument. It was invented in the early 19th century. In 1809, the United Kingdom issued the first batch of patent certificates for water storage pens, marking the official birth of the fountain pen.
In early reservoir pens, the ink did not flow freely. The person writing has to press the piston to make the ink start to flow. After writing for a while, he has to press it again, otherwise the ink will not flow out. Of course it is very inconvenient to write like this.
By 1884, an employee named Waterman of an American insurance company invented a method of using capillary tubes to supply ink, which better solved the above problems. The tip of this pen can be removed and the ink can be injected using a small dropper.
The earliest pens that could absorb ink by themselves appeared in the early 20th century, using a piston to absorb ink. When a leather bladder is used in a pen, an iron piece is inserted into a slit to squeeze the leather bladder to absorb ink. By 1952, Schnocker pens with a tube inserted into the ink to absorb water appeared. It was not until 1956 that the capillary pen commonly used today was invented. 7. The history of writing brushes
Among all types of writing brushes, writing brushes can be regarded as a category unique to China. The traditional writing brush is not only a necessary study tool for the ancients, but also has unique power in expressing the special charm of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Chinese calligraphy and painting are inseparable from the use of brushes.
As a writing tool, the brush has a very long history. Traces of brush painting can be found on the painted pottery as early as the Neolithic Age. Although no actual writing brush has been seen since the Western Zhou Dynasty, some signs of the use of brushes can be found in prehistoric painted pottery patterns and oracle bone inscriptions from the Shang Dynasty. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, brushes were widely used to write on bamboo slips and silk. It can be seen from this that the writing brush originated before the Yin and Shang Dynasties. The earliest writing brush can be traced back to about 2,000 years ago. A calligraphy brush from the Spring and Autumn Period was discovered in the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Leigudun, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. This brush is the earliest brush discovered so far, and is a rare and precious material left over from the ancient times.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the names for the pen varied from place to place, including "Bi", "Yu", "Fu" and other names. It was not until the Qin Dynasty implemented "books with the same text and cars with the same track" that the various names of the pen were unified as "pen". According to legend, Qin general Meng Tian once took sheep hair to make brushes in Shanlian Village, and he was regarded as the ancestor of brushes by the local people. It is also said that Mengtian's wife Bu Xianglian was also proficient in pen-making skills and was worshiped as the Empress of the Pen. By the Han Dynasty, pens had become more sophisticated, and Lu Xie was a master of pen-making at that time. In addition to rabbit hair, the raw materials for making pen heads in the Han Dynasty also included wool, deer hair, raccoon hair, wolf hair, etc., with both hard and soft hair used. At the same time, the texture and decoration of the pen tube are also enriched.
According to official history books, my country's famous Xuan pen was invented in the Han Dynasty.
The Xuanbi period is an important period in the development of Chinese brushes. During the Jin Dynasty, the purple hair pen made of rabbit hair in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province was famous for its sharp and sharp tip. Chen's writing style in Xuanzhou was highly praised by Wang Xizhi and others. In the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzhou became the center of pen making in the country, and the reputation of Xuan pen was growing. At this time, Xuan pen production skills, selection of materials, and the carving art of the pen barrel were becoming increasingly perfect. Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xiu, Mei Yaochen, Su Dongpo and others all spoke highly of Xuan pen. The Xuan pen was regarded as a tribute and imperial pen during the Tang Dynasty. According to the "Old Tang Book?" "Geography" records: In the second year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went up to the building to see the specialties of Xintan and dozens of counties in the south. They were arranged downstairs, including pens from Xuancheng County. Chen's and Zhuge's pens spanned the Tang and Song dynasties, and the pen-making skills were passed down from generation to generation. The Wuxin Sanzhuo pens they created have the characteristics of soft performance, solid foundation, long-lasting use, and smooth writing. They are said to be "the best in the country". In the Song Dynasty, in addition to the Zhuge family in Xuanzhou, Lu Daoren from She County, Lu Dayuan from Yixian County, and Wang Boli from Xin'an were all famous for their time.
After the Yuan Dynasty, the pen-making industry centered in Huzhou became increasingly prosperous. my country's writing brush has entered the second important period of development - the Hu brush period. Especially the Yanghao brush is the most famous, loved by scholars and praised by the imperial court. At this time, the Hu brush and the Xuan brush were equally famous, and even surpassed the Xuan brush, becoming the representative of the national brush and famous at home and abroad. Hubi, known as "Mao Ying's skills are the best in the world", originated from Shanlian Town, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. In ancient times, Shanlian belonged to Huzhou Prefecture, so the brushes produced here were called Hubi, and Shanlian was also known as the "Capital of Brushes." At that time, Hu pen, together with Hui ink, Duan inkstone, and rice paper, were known as the "Four Treasures of the Study", and there were famous pen makers such as Feng Yingke, Zhang Jinzhong, Wu Sheng, Yao Kai, Lu Zhen, Yang Ding, Shen Xiurong, and Pan Youxin.
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Shanlianhu pens gradually spread to the outside world, and Shanlian people opened a number of famous pen shops in various places, such as Gu Yuexuan and He Lianqing in Beijing, and Zhou Huchen, Yang Zhenhua, and Li Dinghe in Shanghai. , Bei Songquan, Lu Yitang, etc. in Suzhou. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of China's pen-making industry. The imperial pens for the royal family and the official pens were of course exquisite and gorgeous. Even the brushes used by the people paid great attention to decoration and beauty. The materials used for pen barrels at that time included bamboo, jade, carved lacquer, ivory, porcelain, enamel, etc. In the decoration of pen barrels, all possible modifications were made, reaching an unprecedented richness.
Since writing brushes are made of animal fiber and are difficult to preserve for a long time, very few complete ancient writing brushes have been handed down. Except for a few excavated pieces, the Ming and Qing writing brushes that can be seen can also be regarded as rare treasures. . 8. History of the writing brush
The origin and development of the writing brush. A writing brush is a pen made of various hair types combed into a cone-shaped tip and bonded to one end of a bamboo or wooden tube. It is used for writing and painting. .
It is the first of the four traditional treasures of the study and is an unparalleled writing instrument in the world. The reed pens of ancient Egypt and the quill pens of Europe have long since withdrawn from the stage of history, but the writing brush has come through the long history and continues to flourish to this day, which shows its strong vitality.
The origin of the brush can be traced back to the Neolithic Age. In 1980, a tomb dating back more than 5,000 years was excavated in Lintongzhai Village, Shaanxi Province. Among the unearthed cultural relics were concave stone inkstones, pestles, dyes, and ceramic drinking cups.
Traces of brush painting can be identified from the decorative patterns on the painted pottery, which proves that there were brushes or brush-like pens five or six thousand years ago. The hieroglyph of pen has appeared in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, which looks like a hand holding a pen.
A bamboo-tube brush was unearthed from two Chu tombs during the Warring States Period at Zuojiagong Mountain in Changsha, Hunan, and Changtaiguan, Xinyang, Henan. It is the earliest physical brush discovered so far. The brush unearthed in Changsha, Hunan, according to the excavation report, "The brush is in a bamboo basket, and the whole body is covered in a small bamboo tube. The length of the rod is 18.5 cm, the diameter is 0.4 cm, and the hair is 2.5 cm long.
According to the observations of the old pen-making technicians, the writing brush is made of fine rabbit arrow hairs. The method is somewhat different from the current method. Instead of inserting the brush hair into the pen barrel, the brush hair is wrapped around one end of the barrel, and then used The silk thread is entangled and the outside is painted.
Placed together with the pen were three pieces: a copper sharpener, a bamboo slice, and a small bamboo tube. It is speculated that it might be a complete set of writing tools at that time.
The function of bamboo slices is equivalent to that of paper in later generations, the copper sharpener is used for scraping bamboo slices, and the small bamboo tube may be used to store ink and other substances. Judging from its production technology and the distribution areas where cultural relics were unearthed, writing brushes were widely used during the Warring States Period.
There is just no unified name. In "Shuowen Jiezi" written by Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there is a record that "Chu calls it Yu, Wu calls it irregular, and Yan calls it brush", and "Qin calls the writing from Yu to Zhu".
There is a legend in history that Meng Tian made pens in the Qin Dynasty. It is said that Montessori used rabbit hair and bamboo tube pens. The method of making the pen was to hollow out one end of the pen barrel to form a hair cavity, and stuff the pen tip hairs into the cavity. The brush was also attached with a large protective bamboo cover, and the middle part of the bamboo cover was hollowed out on both sides to facilitate the removal of the pen.
After Montessori made the pens, they were collectively called pens. Records of the use of pens are common in pre-Qin literature, but there is a lack of specific descriptions of the shape of the pen.
According to intuitive materials provided by archaeological discoveries, judging from the shape of early pens, the tail of the pen was sharpened, which is consistent with the description of "hairpin pen" in the records, so that it can be easily pinned to the hair or crown scarf. This usage evolved into "hairpin white pen" in the Han Dynasty. "hairpin white pen" refers to a new pen that has not been dipped in ink. The new pen is used as a hairpin. It was very common in the Han Dynasty.
Compared with the Warring States brush, the Qin brush has certain technical improvements, that is, the tip of the brush is carved into a cavity to accommodate the brush hair. Its advantage is that the pen head can remain in a 100% state, which is more conducive to absorbing ink and writing, and is more stable.
This model is still in use today and can be said to be an important innovation in the history of pen making. The economy and culture of the Han Dynasty developed greatly, and the invention of paper promoted the further improvement of brushes.
The pen head is not only made of rabbit and wool, but also deer hair, raccoon hair, wolf hair and other raw materials. Some methods of making pens include using rabbit hair as the pen post and wool as the pen cover, or using dozens of stems of human hair, mixed with green wool and rabbit hair, cutting them flush, and wrapping the base of the pillar with hemp paper (see Wang Xizhi's "Bi Jing"). 》).
Therefore, the brushes made in the Han Dynasty used both hard and soft brushes, which can be said to be the early "combination of brushes". At this time, the texture and decoration of the pen tube gradually became more important, and some were even decorated with gold and silver.
According to "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing": The pen and tube used by the emperor were decorated with miscellaneous treasures, and the hairs were all made of autumn rabbit hair. "Miscellaneous treasures were used as boxes, and the toilets were made of jade bis and green feathers, all of which were valuable." Hundreds of gold". Tang Bingjun, who lived during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, also said in the third volume of "Study and Si Kao Tu Shuo" "Bi Shuo": "The pens made in the Han Dynasty were carved with gold, decorated with hebi, decorated with Sui beads, and written with jade.
Although it is not a literary rhinoceros, it must be made of ivory, which is extremely gorgeous. "At this time, the pen was not only a tool for calligraphy and painting, but also began to become a work of art.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, people had the habit of wearing brush hairpins on their heads for decoration. Therefore, the pen holder was longer, about 20 centimeters, and the name of the craftsman was often engraved on the pen holder. The tail is sharpened and painted with lacquer, which is called "hairpin white pen". "White pen" refers to a new pen that has not been dipped in ink. The new pen is used as a hairpin, hence the name.
In the Han Dynasty, there was a "hairpin and white pen" system. Officials in the Han Dynasty often wore hairpins and writing brushes to facilitate their presentation.
The style of hairpin pens in the Wei and Jin Dynasties was no longer popular, and the pen barrel gradually became shorter. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Dan, named Zhongjiang, a native of the Wei State, was a native of Jingzhao (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). He was talented in literature, good at rhetoric, and famous for his pen and ink making. At that time, the pen he made was known as Wei Dan's pen, and he was the author of "Bi". One volume of the Sutra has survived.
Jia Sixie introduced Wei Dan's brush-making method in detail in "Qi Min Yao Shu": "First, use an iron comb to comb the hair of rabbits and goats to remove the dirty hairs, and pat them neatly with the palm of the comb. Make a flat pole at each end of the hair, make it even, cut the green wool of the sheep, shrink the green hair of the sheep, and remove about two inches below the head of the rabbit hair, then close the flat roll and make the pole round, cut it with pain at the end, and use the center of the wool as a pen post. "We use fine Qingyi wool to make the center even and even. The longer the hair is, the deeper the Yujie tube will be. It will be smaller rather than larger." From the above records, we can see that Wei Dan's brush making is important. The method also reflects the process and characteristics of pen making in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The brushes of the Sui and Tang Dynasties had short and hard tips. The brushes from Xuancheng, Anhui Province were popular all over the world. Among them, the famous pen makers include: 1. Huang Hui.
According to legend, he obtained Mengtian's brush-making method, and the pen he made was called "Chicken's spur". The chicken's spur is the protruding part behind the rooster's sole that looks like a toe. It is named because the tip is short and sharp like a chicken's spur.
2. Xuanzhou Chen family. A famous pen maker in Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng County, Anhui Province) in the Tang Dynasty, his name is unknown. It is said that Chen's pens were particularly loved by calligraphers at that time.
Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty, once wrote a "Qiu Bi Post" to ask Chen's ancestor for a pen; Liu Gongquan, a famous calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, also asked Chen for a pen. Shaobo of the Song Dynasty recorded in "Records after Hearing and Seeing": "The Chen family in Xuanzhou passed down Youjun's "Qiubi Post", which made him a famous pen master in later generations.
Liu Gongquan asked for a pen, but left two pens. , He said that Gongquan could ask for it, but he did not accept it.
He said that the former Youjun pen could not be used. " 3. Zhuge.
His pens were made of one or two kinds of animal hair, which were scattered and scattered. They were durable and enjoyed the same reputation as the Chen family of Xuanzhou at that time. Zheng Wenbao's "Jiang Biao Zhi" records: "Yichun King Congqian liked calligraphy etiquette, learned the regular calligraphy of the two kings, and used Xuancheng Zhuge brush, paying ten gold for each pen. The armor was so powerful and wonderful at that time that Congqian was called 'Qiaoxuan broom'. ”
Zhuge family in the Tang Dynasty. 9. The history of the pen
I checked online and found the following, I hope you will accept it: The ancestor of the pen should be the writing brush, which is praised by Chinese literati as one of the "Four Treasures of the Study".
For thousands of years, the calligraphy brush has left countless calligraphy treasures to the Chinese nation that are "as graceful as a swimming dragon and as floating as a startling giant". Perhaps because European characters have many curves and are not suitable for writing with soft Chinese brushes, the brush was not introduced to the West like other ancient Chinese inventions.
Europeans have their own unique writing instrument - the quill. The quill pen was invented by the ancient Egyptians.
Its history is also quite long. Using a quill, use more force to make the strokes thicker, and use light force to make the strokes thinner.
The quill pen can be dipped in ink and can write continuously for a long time. However, once used for a long time, the pen tip will become bald, making it inconvenient for long-term use.
In 1829, the British James Bailey successfully developed a steel pen nib. It has been specially processed to be smooth and elastic. It writes smoothly and is very popular among people.
However, this kind of pen must be dipped in ink to write, which is very troublesome. The Englishman Bramah made a pen holder from silver, and then filled the pen holder with ink so that it flowed from the tip of the pen and seemed to allow smooth writing.
However, the lack of control of the ink is always unruly, and it is easy to make a mess on the paper. Brama added a bladder containing ink to the pen holder, and someone installed a thin metal needle on the pen tip to control the passage of ink. However, the leakage problem was still not completely solved.
It is said that one time, Waterman, a salesman from an American insurance company, finally negotiated a big business deal with several colleagues in the competition. When signing the contract, Waterman handed the customer a beautiful fountain pen and asked him to sign.
Unexpectedly, just when the customer was about to sign the pen, a large puddle of ink dripped from the tip of the pen, soiling a good contract. Just as Waterman hurriedly turned around to get a new contract, his competitors took advantage of the opportunity and signed a contract with the customer, taking away this considerable amount of business.
This incident gave Waterman a great passion. Frustrated, he determined to design a true fountain pen that could freely control the water discharge. After four years of hard work, Waterman finally invented a more practical fountain pen in 1884 based on summarizing the failed experiences of his predecessors, which is an indispensable fountain pen in people's lives today.
In 1888, four years after Waterman invented the fountain pen, Robert Lauby in the United States proposed a new concept of pen. It was different from the fountain pen, but had a ball on the tip of the pen for writing. When the ball rolls, the ink is left on the paper. This is what people today call a "ballpoint pen."
Regrettably, Lauby's attempt failed. On the one hand, the ball could not roll well and could not write; on the other hand, the ink flowing out through the ball was uncontrollable and would leak a lot.
The invention was delayed. More than half a century later, in 1943, a proofreader named László Joseph Bik from a Hungarian printing factory discovered that the proofs just printed on the machine contained a lot of water, and when corrected with a fountain pen, the phenomenon of wetting and blurring would occur. .
For this reason, he often thinks about ways to improve it. He was a man who received old-style ink pens to use.
He and his colleagues always complained about the ink stains on their hands or paper, forming smudges, so in the late 1930s, when Biro saw the quick-drying ink in a paint store While printing ink, he decided to try out something like this. Once, Bic found a round tube, filled it with oil paint, and changed the pen tip into a steel ball. Thus, the world's first ballpoint pen was born.
By the time they had perfected their idea, the brothers had moved to Argentina permanently. There they found a patron, Henry Martin, an English merchant.
In 1943, they created the ballpoint pen, and Bic provided the invention to the Royal Air Force. Soon, a British aircraft manufacturer launched the first commercial ballpoint pens.
At that time, a businessman named Reno in the United States saw this ballpoint pen, just like a hound with a keen sense of smell discovering its prey. With the unique sensitivity of the businessman, he decided that this was a promising new product. It was the end of World War II and the atomic bomb was successfully manufactured in the United States! In order to sensationalize and attract customers, Reynold ingeniously called the ballpoint pens he produced and sold "ball pens."
Renault claims that his ball pen can write underwater, can be used in the cold Arctic, can write for a long time, and is easy to carry. Before the invention of the ballpoint pen, writing could be a dirty job.
In the principal's office, people use simple steel-nibbed pens that must be dipped frequently in ink. Ink bottles are easy to tip over and even more prone to stains or smudges.
In the years after World War II, ballpoint pens gradually became everyone's favorite writing instrument as low-cost manufacturing methods were developed. The invention by brothers László and Jorge Biro became popular as an ideal giveaway.
In fact, it is an ideal writing utensil for every occasion. After World War II, Frenchman Baron Biche purchased Biro's patent and invented a low-cost manufacturing process.
His "Bik" brand ballpoint pen became a popular and cheap writing instrument, used in all schools and offices. If brushes and quills embody the splendid ancient civilization, then the advent of fountain pens has the color of modern civilization, and the ballpoint pens that appeared in the atomic age are the fruits of modern civilization.
I checked online and found the following, I hope you will accept it: The ancestor of the brush should be the brush, which is praised by Chinese literati as one of the "Four Treasures of the Study". For thousands of years, the calligraphy brush has left countless calligraphy treasures to the Chinese nation that are "as graceful as a swimming dragon and as floating as a startling giant".
Perhaps because European characters have many curves and are not suitable for writing with soft Chinese brushes, the brush was not introduced to the West like other ancient Chinese inventions. Europeans have their own unique writing instrument - the quill.
The quill pen was invented by the ancient Egyptians. Its history is also quite long.
Using a quill pen, use more force to make the strokes thicker, and use light force to make the strokes thinner. The quill pen can be dipped in ink and can write continuously for a long time.
However, once used for a long time, the pen tip will become bald, making it inconvenient for long-term use. In 1829, the Englishman James Bailey successfully developed a steel pen nib.
It is specially processed to be smooth and elastic.
10. Who knows the history of the "pen"
Pen? What kind of pen is it? Various pens?
For brushes, rabbit hair was first used, and later sheep, ferret, wolf, chicken, rat and other animal hairs were also used. The pen barrel is made of bamboo or other materials. The head is round and pointed, used for traditional writing and drawing. The earliest physical objects discovered so far date from the Warring States Period. According to legend, it was invented by Qin General Meng Tian when he was leading his troops in 223 BC. He threw the rabbit hair pen into the meal pit.
As for pens...
General development The process is as follows:
In 1809, the United Kingdom issued the first batch of patent certificates for water storage pens, which marked the official birth of the fountain pen.
Fountain Pen Calligraphy (20 photos) In early water storage pens, the ink could not flow freely. The person writing has to press the piston to make the ink start to flow. After writing for a while, he has to press it again, otherwise the ink will not flow out. Of course it is very inconvenient to write like this.
In 1829, the British James Bailey successfully developed a steel pen nib. It has been specially processed to be smooth and elastic. It writes smoothly and is very popular among people. However, this kind of pen must be dipped in ink to write, which is very troublesome.
By 1884, an employee named Waterman of an American insurance company invented a method of using capillary tubes to supply ink, which better solved the above problems. The tip of this pen can be removed and the ink can be injected using a small dropper.
The earliest pens that could absorb ink by themselves appeared in the early 20th century, using a piston to absorb ink. When a leather bladder is used in a pen, an iron piece is inserted into a slit to squeeze the leather bladder to absorb ink. By 1952, Schnocker pens with a tube inserted into the ink to absorb water appeared. It was not until 1956 that the capillary pen commonly used today was invented. Now there are also some art pens and so on.
Well, that's it.