Graduation thesis on logistics and distribution
Low-carbon Logistics Design Strategy of SF Express
Abstract of graduation thesis of logistics distribution
Abstract: As an inevitable choice for the sustainable development of logistics enterprises, low-carbon logistics is increasingly favored by enterprises. As the leader of express delivery industry in China, how does SF realize low-carbon logistics to adapt to the development of society? Based on this, the author analyzed the development status of low-carbon logistics of SF Express, and combined with the actual situation of SF Express, put forward the design strategy of low-carbon logistics for the secondary use of electronic documents and envelope packaging, hoping to have certain reference significance for the development of low-carbon logistics of SF Express.
Content of graduation thesis of logistics distribution
Keywords: low-carbon logistics; SF Express; Electronic documents; Secondary utilization of envelope packaging
China library classification number: F6 18 document identification number: a.
Abstract: Low-carbon logistics is increasingly favored by the sustainable development of logistics enterprises. As the leader of express delivery industry in China, how does SF realize low-carbon logistics to adapt to social development? Based on this, the author analyzed the development status of low-carbon logistics of SF Express, combined with the actual situation of SF Express, and put forward some low-carbon logistics design strategies, such as electronic bill, Yi Labao packaging reuse and so on. I hope it can be used for reference for the development of low-carbon logistics in SF.
Keywords: low carbon; SF Express; Electronic bill; Secondary utilization of envelope packaging
1 Low-carbon Status of SF Express
At present, SF Express (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as SF Express), like other express logistics enterprises, uses paper express documents (in quadruplicate), of which the first copy is: the company receives the stub; The second copy: the company issues stubs; Third: the receipt company stub; The fourth: send the company stub.
Due to the rapid development of China's express delivery industry, China's express delivery business volume is expected to surpass the United States and become the first in the world in 20 13. SF Group also took this opportunity to grow rapidly. At present, its business scale, network coverage and market share are second only to ――EMS, an express mail service launched by China Post Group Corporation. It can be seen that the number of SF Express documents used is amazing. Although the use of traditional paper documents has improved the operational efficiency of SF, it has also brought unprecedented pressure to the development of low-carbon logistics in SF.
2 SF Express low-carbon logistics design strategy
2. 1 Using electronic documents to realize business process reengineering
Electronic document is the electronic form of paper document, and it is the whole process of realizing electronic sending and receiving by relying on modern information technology. In order to ensure the rights and interests of consumers and facilitate the implementation and anti-counterfeiting of electronic documents, a special bar code is designed for electronic documents.
Pre-preparation for the implementation of electronic documents: make full use of the function of HHT handheld terminal, implement SF exclusive bar code with electronic documents, announce the contract terms of electronic express waybill, introduce digital signature and digital timestamp technology, strengthen the management of background database, and improve the HHT operation quality of employees.
Here, the author focuses on the design of SF's exclusive barcode, the exclusive barcode (size: 10.5cm? 7cm) as shown in figure 1:
Exclusive barcode (in quadruplicate), in which the first copy is our receiving stub, the second copy is our sending stub, the third copy is our receiving stub and the fourth copy is our sending stub.
Exclusive bar code (size: 10.5cm? 7cm) Information description:
① Original mailing place: fill in the area code of the original mailing place;
② Destination: Fill in the area code of the destination;
③ Insured price: fill in the quoted amount;
(4) Sender's payment, receiver's payment and third-party payment: choose one of the three payment methods and fill in the freight;
⑤ Sender, sender's address, sender's phone number, recipient, recipient's address, and recipient's phone number: fill in the relevant information of sender and recipient.
The design of SF exclusive bar code is based on the convenience of commodity sorting. At present, SF's sorting methods include manual sorting, semi-automatic sorting and full-automatic sorting, and the relevant information on the bar code is for the convenience of semi-automatic sorting and manual sorting staff, and for the convenience of sending and receiving personnel.
The combination of SF's exclusive bar code and HHT is as follows: the customer service staff sends the sender's related information (phone number, address, etc.). ) sent to the receiver's HHT, the receiver receives the information and picks it up at the door. The sender fills in the document (exclusive barcode and electronic document) and signs it on HHT for confirmation.
2.2 packaging optimization design
2.2. 1 rationalization of envelope packaging specifications
Because SF usually uses the same size packaging envelopes to send goods of different sizes, such a one-size-fits-all approach not only causes a serious waste of resources, but also does not meet the requirements of low carbon. To this end, the author reasonably designs envelope packaging specifications, which are divided into three specifications: large, medium and small, which are suitable for different items. The specific specifications are as follows:
Big (original): 32? 22cm, large package envelope is suitable for A4 size items.
China people: 22? 14cm, medium envelope is suitable for 32K items.
Small: 15? 1 1cm, small envelopes are suitable for 64K items.
2.2.2 Secondary utilization of envelope packaging
At present, SF has only realized the reuse of envelopes within the company, and the rest are disposable. In order to achieve low carbonization and reduce costs, the author believes that envelope packaging can be reused as long as it can protect goods and its safety is not damaged. Based on this reverie, two kinds of envelope packaging for reuse are designed.
(1) The Second Use Design of Envelope Package 1
The second use of the first envelope package refers to the design of two easy-to-tear openings (red line and blue line in Figure 3) at the seal of the envelope. The two easy-to-tear openings are separated by a certain distance (for example, 5cm), and a sewing place is designed under each easy-to-tear opening, which is convenient for sewing and unsealing twice. The specific design is shown in Figure 2. The specific use of the first recycled envelope package: sewing under the red line tear-prone opening for the first time and sewing under the blue line tear-prone opening for the second time to realize recycling.
(2) Second envelope packaging design
The second purpose of the envelope package 2 is to design two tongues at the seal of the envelope, one tongue on the front and back pockets respectively, and an easy-to-tear opening (as shown in the red line and blue line in Figure 3) and a sewing place on each tongue to facilitate sewing and unsealing. This kind of envelope is already in use, for example, the envelope packaging design is adopted in the test paper bag of Band 4 and Band 6.
(3) Safety measures for secondary utilization of envelope packaging
For the security problems of the second use of envelopes (such as the phenomenon of dropping packages in the middle of express delivery), the author combines the exclusive bar code to carry out anti-counterfeiting, as shown in Figure 4. Stick the exclusive bar code on the electronic port. Once the bar code is torn, it cannot be copied, thus avoiding the occurrence of security problems such as tearing, changing and stealing.
(4) Specific strategies for recycling envelope packaging.
In order to realize low-carbon logistics, the author suggests that SF Express reuse envelope packaging to realize the recycling of resources. How to recycle envelope packaging? The author expounds from the following aspects:
① A recycling sign was added to the packaging design.
In order to build the environmental protection brand of SF Express Company, an environmental protection logo was designed for it (as shown in Figure 5). SF Express can print environmental protection signs on the designed secondary packaging, which is convenient for customers and staff to identify whether the packaging is reused or not, and it is also convenient for staff to deal with it according to specific conditions. To this end, SF should do a good job of publicity in advance to let customers and staff know the role of environmental protection signs.
(2) Intensify publicity and enhance recycling awareness.
At present, the main reason why SF, including other express delivery companies, have not implemented packaging reuse is that consumers can't accept the status quo of packaging reuse. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of packaging reuse, enterprises should increase publicity and improve consumers' sense of identity. In my opinion, publicity should be strengthened at the government level to form a social culture of packaging recycling.
First of all, SF Express should take the lead in instilling this awareness into employees, especially employees in channels, and play a role in promoting and infecting consumers. Secondly, we can promote the publicity and restraint of consumers through various media or through government restrictions (such as plastic restrictions).
③ Take economic compensation strategically.
In order to better motivate consumers to respond to the implementation of packaging recycling, the respondents are given certain economic compensation (as shown in Figure 6), which not only saves resources, but also saves costs for enterprises and benefits consumers, killing two birds with one stone.
In addition, in the case that consumers want to recycle the packaging, but the packaging is damaged and cannot be recycled, SF should also compensate according to the recycling. Because the damage of the package is caused by the improper operation of the staff in the logistics process, it will bring losses to SF, and then promote SF to improve its management level and operation mode, which is also beneficial and harmless to SF.
3 Conclusion theory
The rise of low-carbon logistics will bring a new revolution to human society and new opportunities and challenges to the logistics industry. Express industry should rely on the government platform and the strength of enterprises to change the traditional extensive development model, optimize the allocation of resources, realize the development model of low-carbon logistics in express industry, realize sustainable development through low-carbon logistics, and make China's low-carbon logistics invincible in the global competition.
The second part of graduation thesis of logistics distribution
Research on Logistics Distribution Center
Abstract of graduation thesis of logistics distribution
Abstract: Distribution center is an important part of modern logistics. This paper mainly studies the concept, types and functions of distribution center.
Content of graduation thesis of logistics distribution
Keywords: logistics distribution center
With the rapid development of logistics industry, more and more enterprises begin to attach importance to logistics distribution center. By establishing and using the distribution center, enterprises can rearrange and adjust the procurement system and establish a more effective supply chain.
1 Distribution Center Overview
Due to the further refinement of social division of labor and professional division of labor in the logistics field, distribution centers came into being. It is the inevitable result of logistics rationalization and market development. Standard logistics terminology defines a distribution center as a place or organization that is engaged in distribution business and has a sound information network. The requirements that should be basically met are: ① mainly providing services for specific customers or end customers; ② The distribution function is perfect; ③ Small radiation range; ④ Multi-variety, small batch, multi-batch and short cycle.
In the concept of logistics, logistics center and distribution center are often confused. Logistics center and distribution center are two logistics nodes with different scales and levels. The main differences are as follows, as shown in table 1.
According to the difference between business theory and actual demand, and in order to meet the needs of enterprise sales, warehousing, transportation, distribution and distribution processing, a variety of distribution center business models came into being, mainly including the following classification methods:
2. 1 according to the types of goods to be distributed, ① specialized distribution center. Specialized distribution centers are dedicated to distributing certain products, such as clothing, food and daily necessities. , and the distribution target is the same kind of customers. ② Comprehensive distribution center. Comprehensive distribution center is different from professional distribution center. It brings together different types of goods and then carries out organized and diversified distribution. The development direction of the comprehensive distribution center is not fixed and specialized, but it is developing in the direction of unlimited supply and demand, strong adaptability to user requirements, changing at any time and constantly developing distribution users.
2.2 Classification by service nature ① Supply-oriented distribution center. A distribution center that specializes in supplying one or some users and acts as a supplier is called a supply-oriented distribution center. For example, in Shanghai, China, in order to make logistics and distribution better serve production and enjoy resources, six shipbuilding companies jointly set up a steel plate distribution center, which is a supply-oriented logistics and distribution organization. ② Sales and distribution center. Sales and distribution center is not based on distribution, distribution is only a means of operation, and sales operation is its main purpose. This kind of distribution center with distribution management as its main business is called sales distribution center. There are three types of sales-oriented distribution centers, namely: the first is the distribution center directly established by production enterprises; The second is the cooperative distribution center jointly established by production enterprises and circulation enterprises; The third is that circulation enterprises establish distribution centers to expand sales. At present, most distribution centers built in China belong to the third type.
2.3 Classification by geographical scope ① Urban distribution centers. The distribution center with the area involved in the city as the distribution scope is called the urban distribution center. Most urban distribution centers use cars as transportation tools to deliver goods directly to users, because the scope of cities generally does not exceed the economic mileage of automobile transportation. Due to the short handling distance and strong reaction ability, it is suitable for multi-variety, small batch and multi-user distribution, and has great advantages. ② Regional distribution center. The distribution center with large inventory capacity and strong radiation capacity is called regional distribution center, which faces regional, inter-provincial, national and even international scope. This kind of distribution center generally has the characteristics of large scale, high management level and advanced facilities and equipment.
2.4 Classification by logistics function ① Storage and distribution center. A distribution center with strong storage capacity is called a storage distribution center. In order to meet the needs of large-scale distribution, the distribution center also needs to have a large amount of inventory, which makes this distribution center may also be a warehouse distribution center. At present, most distribution centers in China are warehouse distribution centers, which have the characteristics of centralized inventory and large inventory. ② Distribution center. Unlike warehousing and distribution centers, circulation and distribution centers basically have no long-term storage function. This kind of logistics center uses large distribution machines to purchase goods in batches. After the goods are purchased, they are directly sent to the conveyor belt of the distribution machine and directly delivered to the distribution vehicle or the user's cargo space. The goods just stopped at the distribution center. The baggage distribution center of Tianjin Airport belongs to this type of distribution center. ③ Processing and distribution center. A distribution center that has the ability to reprocess commodities in circulation and can carry out simple processing such as packaging, measurement, assembly, sub-packaging and sorting according to the specific needs of circulation links or customers is called a processing distribution center.
2.5 Classification by business entity ① Distribution centers with manufacturers as the main body. Manufacturers will also set up their own distribution centers to transport pre-assembled parts to designated processing and assembly stations in time, reduce circulation costs and improve after-sales service quality. The goods stored and delivered in this distribution center are all made by the manufacturers themselves. ② Distribution center with wholesalers as the main body. Wholesale refers to a link in the traditional circulation concept that goods are transferred from manufacturers to consumers. The goods in the wholesaler-themed distribution center come from various manufacturers, and its main job is to summarize and resell the goods. ③ Distribution centers established with retailers as the main body. After the chain economy or retailer's business reaches a certain scale, it is also a good choice to establish its own distribution center, which can provide logistics services for its retail stores, hotel chains and supermarkets.
3 Distribution center function
Whether the function of distribution center is sound or not directly affects the completion of distribution tasks. The difference between distribution center and general transportation lies in the necessary sorting, processing and distribution. It should be carried out before delivery to provide all-round and humanized logistics services. The basic functions of the distribution center are shown in figure 1.
Logistics distribution center is a circulation node, its main function is to organize and implement distribution, supply or sales, and it is a complex of goods collection and distribution center, tally center, distribution center and processing center. In order to reduce logistics costs and improve logistics speed, logistics distribution centers generally have the following functions:
3. 1 Distribution function The distribution function is that the distribution center can collect products scattered in various production enterprises and distribute them to many customers after sorting and matching. The way to realize the effective allocation of resources in the distribution center is to combine a variety of commodities organically according to the needs of each customer, and then concentrate on processing and distribution operations, thus forming an economic and reasonable batch of goods, greatly improving the efficiency of warehousing and distribution, and realizing the maximization and optimization of resource allocation.
3.2 The storage function of the distribution center focuses on reducing the storage cost and the funds occupied by inventory as much as possible to ensure the normal development of market distribution activities, rather than focusing on storing goods. Centralized storage can reduce the total inventory, thus enhancing the control ability in the sales process.
3.3 Distribution Processing Functional distribution processing refers to the processing activities of commodities in the process of products flowing from the production field to the consumption field according to the principle of reasonable distribution of commodities and the different requirements of customers for commodities. The most important value-added service of distribution center is distribution processing business, which includes unpacking, changing product packaging and labels, simple product manufacturing, making and pasting bar codes, etc.
3.4 Sorting function Sorting is to select a batch of the same or different kinds of goods from the distribution center and distribute them together. The distribution center must select organized goods in an appropriate way, and on this basis, package and assemble the goods according to the distribution plan to meet the needs of different users to distribute a variety of goods at the same time.
3.5 Matching function The distribution center collects the goods provided by suppliers, matches them according to the requirements of users, and then distributes them to all customers. Large distribution centers often have a wide variety of customers and products, and customers are all over the country and even around the world. Because each user enterprise has different requirements on the variety, specification, model, quantity, delivery time and place of the goods, the total delivery volume is large but the single batch is small. Relying on the matching function can greatly improve the delivery level and reduce the delivery cost on this basis. Distribution function is one of the obvious differences between distribution centers and traditional warehousing enterprises. It is a complicated and heavy operation that the distribution center is responsible for, and it is also one of the many important characteristics of the distribution center.
3.6 Distribution function The distribution function is to distribute and distribute the goods in the distribution center according to the customer's ordering requirements, and deliver the prepared goods to the consignee. Compared with transportation, distribution is a special form of distribution, which involves a series of tasks such as sorting, distribution, container loading, vehicle scheduling, route optimization and so on. According to the type, quantity, specification, place and time of goods required by customers, and then deliver them to customers. The distribution function perfects the whole logistics system and greatly improves the role of logistics and the overall economic benefits of enterprises.
3.7 Information processing functions All parties involved in the internal operation and connection of the distribution center need to have quite complete information processing functions. The information system collects, analyzes and transmits the information of various logistics operations in real time, and provides all kinds of detailed information and consulting information to the consignor, which effectively provides a basis for the control, decision-making and operation of the whole circulation process. The distribution center therefore becomes the information center of the whole circulation process.
Logistics distribution graduation thesis literature
[1] GB/t18354-2006, People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard logistics terminology [S].
[2] Rebecca, Jiang Xiaomei. Master plan of distribution center [M]. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2003.12: 8-10,41-46.
[3] Zhu Zhu. Study on Location Selection of Distribution Center Based on Fuzzy Multi-attribute Decision [D].Xi Jiaotong University, 2007.
[4] Liu Haiyan. Location model of logistics distribution center [J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. 2000。
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