Loulan Kingdom lives in the hinterland of Eurasia. This important geographical position makes Loulan Kingdom play an irreplaceable role in the process of international economic exchange. On the famous Silk Road, camels brought China's silk, tea and porcelain from Loulan to the west, and then
Gold, glassware and silverware from Europe were brought to the north. This special geographical location also makes it a place where Chinese and western cultures meet. The industrious and intelligent people of Loulan not only created Loulan's own history and formed a splendid Lop Nur culture, but more importantly, it also connected and spread the ancient Ganges culture, Yellow River culture and ancient Greek culture, leaving a colorful page in the history of human civilization and progress.
About 2000 years ago, Loulan Kingdom near Lop Nur Lake had unique scenery and trees. Grass covers the land of Loulan like a blanket, and all kinds of birds are singing in the lush Woods, which is a scene of prosperity. After the 3rd century AD, the lower reaches of Tarim River, which flowed into Lop Nur, were silted up by sandstorms and diverted south. The diversion of the river makes Loulan Oasis no longer have enough water for irrigation. Over time, the oasis was swallowed up by the desert, flowers and trees died because of lack of water, and some Loulan people began to migrate elsewhere. Around 500 AD, neighboring countries attacked Loulan, and finally the kingdom of Loulan mysteriously disappeared.
So where did Loulan people move at that time? Some researchers from China Academy of Social Sciences made a field trip, and they came to the conclusion that the abandoned Abdan fishing village in the 1920s was the last gathering place of the ancient "Loulan adherents". According to some historical documents, the ancient sea area of Lop Nur at that time was more than 20,000 square kilometers, and it was a blue Wang Yang with abundant water plants, abundant fish and shrimp and dense waterfowl. There is a nation that has been fishing and hunting for a living. With the constant drifting of Lop Nur, they moved to Abadan fishing village and lived here for at least 200 years. Some scholars infer that they are the last adherents of the "Loulan Kingdom".
Around the 20th century, in order to find the ruins of the ancient city, the Russian explorer Poole Geval and the world-famous Swedish explorer Sven Hedin both came to the fishing village of Abdan, and they also hired some villagers to help them. At that time, the leader of Lop Nur was Kun, who warmly received the two foreign guests. Later, with the joint efforts of Chinese and foreign archaeologists, the site of Loulan Kingdom was finally found, where people found a large number of cultural relics and mummies called "Loulan Beauty". However, apart from the villagers in Abadan fishing village, people have never met the believers of Loulan Kingdom.
On the last gathering place of Guloulan's adherents, the experts almost reached a unified opinion, and all thought it was this mysterious Abdan fishing village. Then the next question is how this fishing village was abandoned later. Why do people who live there leave their beautiful homes and go far away? With these questions, archaeologists began further research.
1998 After the Spring Festival, an "explosive" news suddenly came from Xinjiang: people discovered the descendants of the ancient Lop Nur people who were originally subjects of Loulan Kingdom in Milan on the edge of the desert. After learning the news, the relevant personnel immediately rushed to Milan on the edge of the Taklimakan desert. They met three elderly people who lived there 100: Rejman Casey, Yasunako and Uzmani Masako. According to the old man Uzmani Masako, the fishing village of Abdan, where they lived, is a fishing village on the southwest bank of Lop Nur, near Milan River. The old man Uzmani Masako recalled that villagers often went fishing along the north bank of Milan River in canoes carved from Populus euphratica. Because the villagers were self-sufficient, the fishing village of Abdan had little contact with the outside world at that time. In this way, they lived a quiet life year after year. On weekdays, they will go fishing or shoot wild ducks. If fish and ducks have extra, they will dry the extra and store it. In addition, they also graze, mainly sheep and cattle. However, the bought cattle will become "bison" after a period of stocking, and they will have to be hunted to eat beef.
At that time, the most favorite fish caught by Loulan people was a Xinjiang bighead carp. Xinjiang bighead carp used to be the main food of ancient Lop Nur people living in Karakule and Abdan fishing villages. This "big family" was called a "fish-eating nation" because it didn't eat whole grains at that time and only made a living by fishing. This kind of fish is also the most unforgettable thing for the old man Uzmani Masako. He still clearly remembers that this fish head is large, with a flat head, a spindle-shaped body, a slightly flat side and no scales on the chest. It is generally about 1 m long and weighs 40 to 50 kg. It is very powerful. This kind of fish is nutritious and delicious. Stewed soup is as white as milk and meat as tofu. Very attractive. Two other "Loulan adherents", Reheman Abra and Yasunako, introduced that their ancestors ate bighead carp without oil and salt, only boiled it in water, and sometimes picked pollen from a plant called cattail to make soup together.
Because this kind of fish has high nutritional and health care value, there are many centenarians in the local area. At that time, its edible and scientific value was spread like the Tang monk meat in The Journey to the West. Subsequently, this native fish species gradually attracted great attention and interest from the outside world, especially after some western explorers visited Lop Nur, which made the reputation of Xinjiang bighead carp spread abroad.
The old man Uzmanyako recalled in a rather regretful tone that when he was young, Lop Nur Lake was sparkling and endless, and flocks of geese and ducks often played in the blue lake. Whenever spring and autumn alternate, there will be hundreds of migratory birds living here. Later, due to the diversion of Konghuaihe River and Tarim River, Lop Nur gradually dried up, making fishing in Abadan fishing village more and more difficult. Moreover, it never rains but it pours. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, a rare plague hit the whole village. In order to survive, more than 65,438+000 families in this village were forced to leave. They took their wives, children, cattle and sheep and moved to Polygonum, Ruoqiang and Lop at the foot of Altun Mountain.
The sudden diversion of the river made this "Peach Blossom Garden"-like Abdan fishing village finally go to the end of abandonment. Altun Mountain is covered with ice and snow all year round. Every year in July and August, the snow and ice will melt, and the flood will wash out the mud belt in the desert and grow patches of Populus euphratica forest for a long time. Lush short reeds, red willows, camel thorns and other psammophytes have formed a kilometer-long "green enclave" in Fiona Fang, competing with the yellow sand.
It is these "green enclaves" that provide shelter for the descendants of these ancient Lop Nur people. At that time, these villagers who escaped the plague rode camels and settled in these "green enclaves". Faced with the serious threat of hunger, they had to grow grain in the enclave. Since then, they have continued to live a very closed life. These "Loulan adherents" can't bear to recall those days. At first, as long as there is sandstorm blowing, the newly planted seedlings will be buried; If it rains, there will be a layer of glistening saline-alkali on the ground, and these "shells" are so hard that crops can't survive at all.
However, the "Loulan adherents" with strong vitality never gave up. After years of hard work, they finally found out a set of experiences in finding water, digging canals, reclaiming land, sowing seeds, preventing sand and treating alkali. After experiencing wind and rain and hardships, they tried to plant crops such as corn and wheat. In this desert, people survived as tenaciously as Populus euphratica. The harsh desert life has created their tall and strong physique, brave character and the spirit of advocating brave sacrifice. Now these "Loulan adherents" from Abadan fishing village have also inherited this spirit: seven or eight-year-old children dare to go out to herd sheep; Young people can fight fierce wild boar alone in the desert; The 80-and 90-year-old man is still full of teeth and thick black hair, and works all day.