Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Approval Date of Bamboo Weaving: June 7, 2008; Intangible Heritage Level: National HeritageNo.: VII-5 1 Application Area: Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province, Shucheng County, Anhui Province and other heritage types: historical origin, production process, characteristics, classification, some works, inheritance significance, aesthetic value, cultural value, prospect and historical origin According to archaeological data, In practice, it is found that bamboo is neat, strong in crack resistance, elastic and tough, easy to weave, strong and durable. Therefore, bamboo became the main material for making utensils at that time. Bamboo Tea Set China's pottery also began in the Neolithic Age, and its formation is closely related to the weaving of bamboo. Ancestors accidentally discovered that containers coated with clay were impervious to water after burning and could hold liquids. Therefore, taking the basket made of bamboo and rattan as a model, and then coating clay inside and outside the basket, the ceramic culture of bamboo and rattan tires was made. Bake on the fire to make utensils. Later, people made embryos of various shapes directly from soil, so bamboo weaving was no longer used. However, I still like the geometric figures of bamboo and rattan, so I printed patterns imitating woven fabrics such as basketball, baskets and mats on the surface of Tao Pei as decoration in a semi-dry state. In Shang dynasty, the weaving patterns of bamboo and rattan were more abundant. Pottery prints have decorative patterns such as checkered patterns, rice patterns, palindromes and ripples. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the utilization rate of bamboo was expanded, and bamboo weaving gradually developed like technology. The decorative smell of bamboo weaving patterns is getting stronger and stronger, and the weaving is getting finer and finer. During the Warring States period, there was also a person who devoted himself to the research of bamboo weaving technology. He is Mount Tai. During the Warring States period, the weaving technology of Chu was also very developed, and nearly 100 pieces of bamboo mats, curtains, warehouses (bamboo boxes), fans, baskets and baskets were unearthed. Bamboo weaving in Qin and Han Dynasties followed the weaving skills of Chu State. 1980, a checkered pattern was cast at the bottom of the "Qin mausoleum bronze carriage" unearthed by China archaeologists in Xi 'an. According to experts' analysis, this grid pattern was cast according to the grid pattern woven by bamboo mats at that time. In addition, bamboo weaving is also made into children's toys by skilled craftsmen. Lantern Festival has been popular among the people since the Tang Dynasty, and it has been very popular in the Song Dynasty. Some dignitaries often ask lantern makers to make exquisite lanterns. One of them is to tie the bones with bamboo sticks and stick silk or colored paper around them. Some also use bamboo silk weaving as decoration. Dragon lanterns originated in the Han Dynasty and became more popular in the Song Dynasty. The bibcock and dragon body are mostly made of bamboo sticks, and the scales on the dragon body are often tied with bamboo threads. There is also a folk opera called "Bamboo Horse Play". It has been circulated since the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The performance of the play is related to horses, such as "Zhao Jun goes out to the fortress". The horses that the actors ride are made of bamboo. In the early Ming Dynasty, there were more and more artists engaged in bamboo weaving in Jiangnan. Bamboo mats, baskets and boxes are all made of exquisite craft bamboo. Especially bamboo weaving is the most famous. The bamboo mat in Yiyang was founded in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, the use of bamboo weaving was further expanded, weaving became more and more exquisite, and combined with lacquerware and other crafts, many high-grade bamboo weaving utensils were created. Such as painting boxes for calligraphy and painting, small round boxes for jewelry, and large round boxes for food. "Brown lacquered bamboo woven round box" is a kind of bamboo woven round box used by bureaucrats in Ming Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially after Qianlong, bamboo weaving technology was fully developed. Bamboo baskets appeared in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the 1930s, handicraft bamboo weaving prevailed in southern China. Bamboo weaving technology and patterns have been improved, and there are more than 50 weaving methods/kloc-0. After 1937, under the Japanese invaders' iron hoof, bamboo weavers laid down their knives and engaged in other businesses, and only a few artists lived in the ruined temple old buddhist nun to continue this bamboo weaving process. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, China's bamboo weaving technology gradually recovered. After 1950s, bamboo weaving art began to be under the jurisdiction of arts and crafts industry and entered the art palace. A large number of skilled bamboo weavers have emerged, and some of them have been rated as "arts and crafts artists" and "senior arts and crafts artists". Won the honorary titles of "Master of Arts and Crafts in China" and "Master of Bamboo Weaving in China". After 1990, Shengzhou in Zhejiang, Qingshen County in Sichuan and Quxian County were successively rated as "Hometown of Bamboo Weaving in China". After entering the 2 1 century, bamboo weaving technology gradually lost its market competitiveness and declined, and its weaving technology became an "intangible cultural heritage". However, there are also many bamboo weavers who are still tirelessly pursuing new art, and new works are slowly emerging. Bamboo weaving process can be divided into three processes: bottoming, weaving and sewing. In the knitting process, warp knitting and weft knitting are the main methods. On the basis of warp knitting and weft knitting, various techniques can also be inserted, such as thinning, insertion, puncture, cutting, locking, nailing, binding and sleeve, to make the patterns varied. Products with other colors need to be matched, and dyed bamboo chips or bamboo filaments are twisted into various patterns, with strong color contrast and bright colors. The bamboo used in the process of bamboo weaving porcelain embryo is super-long knotless porcelain bamboo from Chengdu. After more than ten processes, such as bamboo cutting, color baking, knot removal, layering, color fixing, leveling, marking and leveling, fine bamboo filaments are made by hand. The cross sections of bamboo filaments used for porcelain embryo bamboo weaving are all rectangular. Porcelain fetal bamboo weaving is made by hand with both hands and a knife in the production process. Porcelain embryo bamboo woven products only use one layer of bamboo surface, and the fibers are very dense. At the same time, after special treatment, it is resistant to drying, deformation, moth-proofing, waterproof and washable. Features The cross sections of bamboo filaments used for bamboo weaving are all rectangular, and strict requirements are imposed on the thickness. The thickness is only one or two hairs thick and the width is only four or five hairs wide. All the roots of bamboo filaments are evenly cut to achieve the same thickness, and the viewers all admire its difficulty. Traditional bamboo weaving technology has a long history and is rich in the crystallization of hard work of working people. Bamboo weaving technology can be divided into filament weaving technology and thick silk bamboo weaving technology. The traditional skill block shows different styles of bamboo weaving works, including Qingshen bamboo weaving with a long history and exquisite skills, and Liu bamboo weaving which combines modern fashion with China traditional culture and craft and draws on all others' strengths. Classification Porcelain fetal bamboo woven products are mainly divided into several categories according to their shapes, such as bottles, cans, boxes and so on. Vases range from a single bottle as small as 5 CM to a thousand bottles as large as 145CM, which can meet the needs of different occasions. Pots and cans include practical products such as teacups, sugar cans and tea cans. Bamboo bags have two categories and six specifications: bamboo handbags and satchels. There are several kinds of bamboo woven boxes, such as bamboo, paper and lacquerware, with specifications of 7CM, 9CM, 1 1CM, 13CM and 15CM, and they are also divided into single box, three-box box and three-box set. Bamboo woven furniture is the main variety and technical advantage of this factory. The product of porcelain embryo bamboo weaving is different from any other bamboo weaving, which is a unique skill and can best reflect the technological characteristics of porcelain embryo bamboo weaving. According to the use, there are tea sets, wine sets, coffee sets, stationery and smoking sets, as well as kung fu tea sets, Japanese tea sets and farming tea sets. According to the specifications, there are two sets of three sets of wine and tea bowls to fifteen heads and twenty-two heads of coffee. According to the different materials used in the tire base, there are porcelain tires, ceramic tires, lacquer tires, glass tires, and purple sand tires preferred by guests in Taiwan Province Province. Porcelain-fetal bamboo products are divided into ordinary weaving, jacquard weaving and multicolored pattern weaving according to different processes. Ordinary weaving is mainly bronzed roasted silk with ordinary geometric patterns, which is mostly used to make batch products. Jacquard weaving uses bamboo moss with the same width of latitude and longitude, which is convenient for weaving all kinds of monochrome patterns, and more importantly, weaving panda patterns, mainly making vases, tea sets and other products. Multicolored pattern weaving gives full play to the characteristics of colorful silk, and uses a variety of different techniques and colors to weave ever-changing pattern effects, which are mostly used to make exhibits, gifts and high-end products. There are more than twenty kinds of techniques used, such as sparse knitting, combined sparse knitting, fragment knitting, warp knitting, color dipping knitting, embossing knitting and three-dimensional knitting. By weaving colorful patterns, vivid patterns such as landscape flowers and birds, birds and beasts, and people's stories can be made. Bamboo woven flat painted porcelain tire bamboo woven is characterized by molding according to the tire and buckling the bottom tire, but it is also limited by it. The factory has developed new products and varieties such as bamboo jewelry boxes, bamboo woven bags and bamboo woven animals. We will continue to work hard to create the future of porcelain fetal bamboo weaving. Product general classification: porcelain embryo bamboo vase, bamboo tea set, coffee set, wine set, stationery, bamboo plane painting. Bamboo weaving technology can be divided into thin thread technology and thick thread bamboo weaving technology (note: the technology with porcelain tire and the technology without porcelain tire). The finished product is mainly made by chopping, scraping, grinding and chopping bamboo, and weaving the chopped bamboo into a certain thickness. Dong Zhang bamboo weaving is mainly a coarse silk bamboo weaving process. Bamboo Weaving 1, Microfilament Bamboo Weaving Technology (Porcelain embryo bamboo weaving technology) Introduction: Porcelain embryo bamboo weaving technology is unique and exquisite, with the technical characteristics of "selecting materials, ultra-fine silk, sticking to the embryo, hiding the head in the secret and colorful pictures". In the production process, hand-woven with both hands and a knife, so that the root bamboo filaments are shaped according to the tire and close to the porcelain surface, and all joints are hidden, just like natural generation, seamless. The main products are: porcelain embryo bamboo vases, bamboo tea sets, coffee sets, wine sets, stationery, bamboo airplane paintings. 2. Coarse silk bamboo weaving technology (non-porcelain embryo bamboo weaving technology): refers to the bamboo weaving technology of household appliances and decorative furnishings woven with bamboo strips. The production process is to cut bamboo into strips with uniform thickness, and then weave them into various exquisite daily necessities, such as bamboo baskets, fruit boxes, screens, door curtains, fans and so on. South China is mainly rich in coarse silk and bamboo weaving crafts. As one of the five historic towns in Fuqing, East Jang Jin has a long history and rich traditional folk culture. Due to the particularity of geographical location, there are abundant bamboo resources here, such as Danzhu, Shuizhu and Phyllostachys pubescens. The main products are bamboo mats, pillows, fans, baskets, flower baskets, baskets, cradles and so on. Sichuan Xiaoyaoju bamboo weaving crafts Xiaoyaoju bamboo weaving 1, Sichuan Xiaoyaoju handmade bamboo weaving plane painting is close to life, which is more deeply interconnected with the Internet, and at the same time, the experience of cultural renewal of calligraphy and painting works. 2. Coarse silk handicrafts (bamboo handicrafts without porcelain tires): household appliances and decorative furnishings woven from bamboo strips. Among the relics of Liangzhu culture in Neolithic age, bamboo weaving utensils have appeared. For thousands of years, people have used bamboo to weave sleeping mats, pillows, fans, reeds, baskets, baskets, dustpans and other daily necessities; In the south of China, bamboo weaving utensils and handicrafts with local characteristics are gradually formed, such as comfortable seats in Anhui, bamboo fans in Sichuan, and bamboo weaving with porcelain tires. Bamboo weaving is generally made by cutting, cutting, scraping, polishing and weaving. The main producing areas are Dongyang and Shengzhou in Zhejiang, Quanzhou and Gutian in Fujian, Jiading in Shanghai and Zigong in Sichuan. Gong, an artist in Zigong, Sichuan, used a fan called "Gong Fan", which was as thin as silk yarn. His works include Nine Dragons Wall, Fisherman, Lu Xiangting, Bo Le Xiang Ma, Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon and Five Lions Playing Ball. Inheriting the aesthetic value of porcelain fetal bamboo weaving has experienced a long historical evolution, from daily necessities to handicrafts to collectibles. Their shapes are changeable, and their decorative features are full of sense of form and rhythm, which brings us a unique aesthetic experience.
use value
Bamboo woven articles for daily use can be widely circulated among the people. On the one hand, the availability of materials, and more importantly, the practicality of traditional bamboo weaving, which is the original driving force for the initial rise of traditional bamboo weaving.
(B) decorative aesthetic value
1. The beauty of modeling
According to the shape change of tire bottom, porcelain tire bamboo weaving brings rich and varied shapes. However, due to the limited flexibility of bamboo strips, tire soles generally do not have sharp edges and corners. Therefore, the general shape of ceramic bamboo woven fabric is mainly round or oval, and the turning point is round and smooth. The purpose of doing this is to avoid the damage of bamboo strips in the production process, and at the same time create a warm and soft aesthetic feeling of ceramic tire bamboo woven fabric, which brings people closer to the utensils and gives people a sense of peace of mind of returning to nature.
The common patterns of porcelain fetal bamboo weaving mainly include bottles, altars, boxes, screens and so on. Among them, vases vary in size, ranging from 5 cm high to 2M high, some with elegant patterns and some with colorful patterns. The shape of bamboo woven with porcelain tires shows various shapes through the porcelain tires attached to it, when the whole is round and smooth.
Weaving pattern
The bamboo weaving on the porcelain tire not only protects the porcelain tire, but also forms a special decorative effect. With the development of modern technology, there are more and more methods to make bamboo weaving of porcelain tires, such as jacquard and dyed bamboo weaving, which makes the decorative reproduction of porcelain tires vivid and diverse. As a traditional process of bamboo weaving, the weaving method of bamboo weaving is always made up of warp and weft. This criss-crossing decorative way has formed the unique rhythmic beauty of traditional porcelain fetal bamboo weaving. At present, the common knitting structures of porcelain tires are zigzag knitting, cross knitting, hexagonal knitting, spiral knitting, twisted yarn knitting and so on. Each knitting structure can be subdivided into different forms of expression, and an article can be closely connected without using glue or nails in the knitting process, which is rigorous and beautiful as a whole.
Bamboo sticks need to be subdivided according to thickness and thickness. According to the different types of bamboo sticks used in the production of various bamboo weaving utensils, or the different positions of the same bamboo stick in the utensils, a sense of composition will be formed, which embodies the principles of balance, contrast, continuity and repetition. The traditional ornamental way of bamboo weaving and its aesthetic characteristics have also become the reference source of modern design.
3. The beauty of patterns
In the process of weaving bamboo, through different weaving techniques, ever-changing geometric patterns can be naturally formed. Geometric patterns have a regular organizational structure, which embodies the sense of rhythm and basic formal rules of labor. In addition to geometric patterns, people are constantly innovating in the process of weaving bamboo, and the patterns are also rich and colorful, including plant patterns such as flowers and fruits, as well as animal patterns, figures and paintings. Chengdu porcelain tire bamboo weaving has formed a decorative pattern with regional characteristics, especially the local representative panda pattern. Dyed black-and-white double-color bamboo filaments constitute the panda's pattern part, and the pattern theme is different from the knitting technique of the bottleneck and the bottom of the bottle, which forms the contrast of knitting patterns and highlights the characteristics and regional characteristics of the panda theme.
4. The beauty of color
Although the original color is the main color of the porcelain-fetal bamboo weaving, which reflects the traditional style, the traditional porcelain-fetal bamboo weaving has become more colorful after some special coloring processes, which has increased the charm of the porcelain-fetal bamboo weaving.
Colored bamboo filaments are orange, black, red, blue and purple. When weaving bamboo wares, the colors are matched with each other, or the monochrome is combined with the original hue. At the same time, the basic principle of formal beauty is used to form porcelain fetal bamboo weaving with changeable colors and different colors. Due to the luster of bamboo material, the dyed bamboo silk presents the unique color of porcelain fetal bamboo weaving, which is soft and bright. Under the charm of the cultural value of bamboo tea set, it is the profound cultural connotation of porcelain embryo bamboo weaving: the concept of creation of harmony between man and nature.
From the selection of materials to the preparation process, every process of the porcelain-tire bamboo ware process should be rigorous and accurate. Improper collection time of bamboo can easily lead to insects or mildew of bamboo. The choice of bamboo age determines the flexibility of bamboo, the difficulty and aesthetic degree of editing and repairing porcelain-embryo bamboo ware, and the value of a porcelain-embryo bamboo ware is more important to the level of the producer of porcelain-embryo bamboo ware. "Examination of Gong Ji" puts forward that "only when the weather is right, the geographical position is right, people are harmonious and the work is skillful can we achieve beauty, and then these four can be good." The season and region of material selection, the production technology and level of traditional bamboo weaving ultimately determine whether a porcelain embryo bamboo weaving is artistic or not. Although the traditional bamboo weaving is not fantastic, it can better reflect the thought and cultural connotation of the harmony between man and nature emphasized by China's traditional concept of creation. Looking forward to creating a brand and creating fine products has become a bright spot in the production of bamboo handicrafts in the new period. By 2005, at national, provincial and ministerial level arts and crafts exhibitions, competitions or expositions, Dongyang bamboo weaving handicrafts won 95 awards, including 42 gold awards, 8 silver awards 18, 5 bronze awards 15 and 20 merit awards. The award-winning performance is far ahead of the bamboo weaving peers at the county and city levels in China. Among them, He Fuli's golden works, such as bamboo silk and white crane tripod, elephant, goose singing and what's wrong with the sea, Lu Guanghua's large-scale bamboo hanging Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, White Horse Map and Tiger Map, Su Dongpo's calligraphy on the front and back red walls, three-dimensional bamboo weaving Tang Yin Landscape Painting and Xu Jingbin's golden works of the Millennium Dragon Plate, have all reached outstanding artistic heights in their respective technical fields. Among them, Lu Guanghua's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, Eight Horses Map and He Fuli's Basket of Eight Immortals with Bamboo Silk were successively rated as the fine arts and crafts of Zhejiang Province. 1997, He Fuli specially made a 2500m-long giant dragon lantern for the Hong Kong Council of Social Service to celebrate the return of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Chief Executive * * * personally opened his eyes and won the Guinness World Records medal that year. CCTV has also reported on Dongyang's traditional bamboo weaving skills many times. However, due to the impact of market economy and high-tech industry, bamboo weaving skills are lacking. Judging from the situation, Dongyang bamboo weaving is mainly supported by a group of artists over the age of 45, and almost no young people are willing to learn, resulting in a situation of green and yellow. If it is not protected in time, this traditional skill will be lost. Therefore, it is urgent to protect Dongyang bamboo weaving, a traditional arts and crafts product.