case presentation

After the liberation of the whole country, it is faced with the contradiction between backward productive forces and harsh natural conditions. In the countryside far from the city. Farmers in China also create a new mode of production on their own land, that is, organize themselves and rely on collective strength to transform nature. This is the agricultural cooperative movement. In this movement, an interesting story comes from Xipu Village, Zunhua County, Tangshan District, Hebei Province at the foot of Yanshan Mountain. The protagonist of the story is an ordinary farmer named Wang Guofan.

1952, Wang Guofan, a village cadre who participated in the revolution before liberation, joined the poorest 23 farmers in Xipu Village to set up a primary cooperative. At the beginning of the cooperative, they were so poor that they had to go up the mountain to cut wood during the slack season in exchange for some simple farm tools. The only donkey in the society, a quarter of the right to use it belongs to the villagers who have not joined the society, so it is named the three-donkey-legged poor society. But it was with these three donkey legs that they started from chopping wood as agricultural tools and grew to 83 households the next year. The grain yield per mu increased from 120 kg to more than 300 kg. Wang Guofan's cooperative is becoming more and more famous.

Mao Zedong was deeply moved by such a groundbreaking move. He said: "In the cooperative movement in Zunhua County, there was a Wang Guofan cooperative, and 23 poor peasants had only three donkey legs, so they were called' poor cooperatives'. With their own efforts, they collected a lot of means of production from the mountains in three years, which moved some tourists to tears. I think this is the image of our whole country. Can't 60,000 poor people become a rich and powerful socialist country within a few decades by their own efforts? "

1February, 957, Wang Guofan attended the National Congress of Agricultural Model Workers. Awarded by the Central People's Government the "First National Agricultural Model Workers Conference" gold medal. At the closing ceremony of the conference, when Mao Zedong presented a bright award flag to Wang Guofan. Holding the award flag, he looked at the chairman with tears in his eyes. Mao Zedong smiled and pointed to the words on the award flag. Kindly said: "You are a model worker and a hero in building a harmonious country!" ! This is recognition of your leadership role in this country. "

Case review:

In the cooperative movement, the most famous one in China is the cooperative led by Wang Guofan in Zunhua County, Hebei Province. Because 23 poor peasants have only three donkey legs, they are called "poor cooperatives". Because of "running a co-operative diligently", it took the co-operative three years to "get" a large number of means of production from the mountains (in Mao Zedong, it means chopping wood on the mountain), which developed and became a famous model in the country. "The spirit of the poor" has also become synonymous with thrift. Also in Hebei, three poor peasants in Anping County continued to run their small cooperatives after three old middle peasants withdrew, which also became a model of the cooperative movement. Mao Zedong even made it clear that "the direction expressed by these three poor peasants is the direction of the country's 500 million peasants" (Mao Zedong, 1977a: 174). The 176 articles in "the socialist upsurge in rural areas of China" are actually typical of the cooperative or collectivized movement, and it is under the impetus of these typical articles that the socialist upsurge in rural areas of China has been set off.

Teach Mao Zedong to invite Wang Guofan to dinner.

Mao Zedong seldom invited guests to dinner, but Mao Zedong invited Wang Guofan to dinner twice. In his later years, Wang Guowei recalled to his granddaughter Wang Xiuhong. One was a family dinner invited by Mao Zedong, and the main course was very spicy. There are simple Hunan dishes, such as "Fried Bitter Melon with Green Pepper". Chairman Mao suggested that everyone eat vegetables. He asked Wang Guofan around him, "Is Hunan cuisine spicy? Are you used to it? " Knowing that Wang Guofan is a northerner and can't eat spicy food, he advised him to eat meat dishes that are not spicy on the table.

1959 In April, Wang Guofan attended the First National People's Congress as a representative of the National People's Congress. He saw Mao Zedong again and shed tears of excitement again. 1 969 April1day, the ninth national report conference of China * * * production party was held in Beijing. The meeting was presided over by Mao Zedong, who proposed to let Wang Guofan enter the CPC Central Committee. At the meeting on April 28th, Wang Guowei was elected as a member of the Central Committee and entered the highest leading body of the Party. Later, at the 10th National Congress of China * * * Production Party held in August 1973, Wang Guofan was elected as the new member of the Central Committee. 1977 In August, the 11th National Congress of China * * * Production Party was held in Beijing. Wang Guofan was re-elected as a member of the Central Committee. Wang Guowei once told Mao Zedong that he should carry forward the spirit of "poor wretch", be self-reliant, work hard and lead farmers to live a happy life.

Wang Guofan's name once resounded through the land of China, and his deeds were also selected into the primary school classroom at that time, which educated and influenced future generations.

Wang Guofan's life is very simple. In people's memory, he will always be a farmer's costume, with a height of 1.85 meters, a black double-breasted coat, black homespun pants, homemade black cloth shoes and black leggings. After being elected as a member of the Central Committee, some comrades in the province advised him not to wear such simple clothes. He smiled and said, "I am a farmer. How can I work in the fields when I wear a cadre uniform? " . He doesn't want to leave the countryside and his hard-working land.

Starting from 1967, Wang Guofan took the leading position, served as the leading cadre of commune, county, region and province, and was elected as a member of the Central Committee for many times. But apart from going out for meetings and work, he has been living in his cabin in Xipu Village and working in the production team every day. The production team, like others, gave him a work score of 10, which was the same as that of the villagers at the end of the year. Accept their own grains and other foods. His son Wang Zihua recalled that at that time, because his father had no time to take care of things at home, their house was very old and their life was very poor. Several times, he told his father that our house is too old, so let's repair it. But Wang Guofan said that if the house can still live, don't repair it. It was not until 1995 that the house was dilapidated enough to build a new house at home. Wang Zihua said affectionately, "My father has never enjoyed happiness in his life. He is very bitter! "

("Global Vision" is from "Children of China")

Mao Zedong: Notes to the article "Running Co-operatives with Diligence"

The cooperative introduced here is the so-called "poor club" led by Wang Guofan. Diligent management should be the policy of all agricultural cooperatives in China, no, it should be the policy of all economic undertakings. Industriously run factories, shops, all state-owned and cooperative undertakings and all other undertakings. We should implement the principle of thrift in everything. This is an economic principle and one of the basic principles of the socialist economy. China is a big country, but it is still poor. It will take decades for China to get rich. Decades later, we will practice thrift, but now it is decades, and now it is the five-year plan period. We should especially advocate thrift and pay special attention to thrift. At present, many cooperatives have a bad style of not paying attention to saving, which should be corrected quickly. Every province and county can find some examples of running co-operatives diligently, so we should spread these examples for everyone to learn. Cooperatives that are diligent, have the highest output and do well in all aspects should be rewarded, while those that are wasteful, have low output and do poorly in all aspects should be criticized.

"In the cooperative movement in Zunhua County, there was a Wang Guofan cooperative, and 23 poor peasants had only three donkey legs, so they were called' poor clubs'. With their own efforts, they brought a lot of means of production from the mountains in three years, which moved some tourists to tears. I think this is the image of our whole country. Can't 60 million poor people become a rich and powerful socialist country in a few decades because of their own efforts? The wealth of society is created by workers, peasants and labor intellectuals themselves. As long as these people control their own destiny, have a Marxist-Leninist line, do not evade problems, but solve them with a positive attitude, any difficulties of mankind can always be solved.