After the launch of Mercury spacecraft in the United States, the selection of astronauts for the second manned spacecraft, Gemini spacecraft, began in April 1962. The selection criteria and conditions are basically the same as those in the first batch of selection, but the height is slightly relaxed (Mercury does not exceed 1.8 meters, Gemini does not exceed 1.83 meters), and the age requirement is below 35 years old, which is due to the consideration of long-term flight mission. Object or crew. Among the nine astronauts who were finally selected, there were two civil aviation pilots and the others were Air Force. The third selection of the United States was conducted in 1963, and * * * selected 14 astronauts. Also selected from the pilots, including two civil aviation pilots. Starting from the fourth batch of selection, considering that the Apollo spacecraft, the third manned spacecraft model in the United States, will have a scientific exploration mission, the selection targets will be expanded to scientists, medical doctors and engineers. Except that flight technology is not the main selection condition, other conditions are basically the same as the first three batches. At the academic level, you must have at least a doctorate in natural science, medicine or engineering, and be creative and engaged in scientific research. Six applicants were selected from 15( 10). In addition to 1 soldiers, there are 1 doctors, 1 geologists and 3 physicists. 1966, the United States selected 19 astronauts from the air force as the fifth batch. 1August, 967, the sixth batch of selection was carried out, which was the second selection of scientists and astronauts. This time, 1 1 volunteers were selected from 500 volunteers, all of whom were non-military. The seventh batch of selection is to select 7 people from the Air Force.

The United States began to select the eighth batch of astronauts from 1978, and from this time to 1 1 selection, the physical requirements were completely implemented in accordance with the medical standards I, II and III formulated by NASA. In addition to selecting some astronauts among aircrew pilots to supplement the American astronauts (including flight experts) who are constantly being eliminated, the focus is on selecting non-military scientists and expanding them to women, American minorities and international astronauts. The eighth batch of * * * selected 35 astronauts, including 20 mission experts and 0/5 space pilots. Among the 35 students, 6 are female, 3 are black, 1 oriental. The number of applicants this time exceeded 8,000, which is the largest number of applicants in previous selections. The ninth batch was selected in July of 1980. Among nearly 3,000 applicants, 19 astronauts were selected, including 2 women. The selection of 10 batch was carried out in July, 1984. Among nearly 5,000 applicants, 17 astronauts were selected, including 3 women. 1 1 The batch was selected in July 1965. * * 13 astronauts were selected, including 6 space pilots and 7 mission experts (including 2 women). After this selection, according to the official introduction of NASA, the announcement of recruiting astronauts will not be released at a specific time in the future, but those who volunteer to become astronauts can apply at any time, and NASA will select them once a year. The number of people selected depends on the space program at that time and the resignation and retirement of active astronauts. Because the American space shuttle Challenger crashed in May 438+0986+10, the space program was postponed, and the activity of selecting astronauts was relatively stopped. The United States chose different crew members for another manned spacecraft he developed, the space shuttle. Judging from the situation of a space shuttle entering space, there are at most 8 crew members, including 1 commander, 1 pilot, 3 mission experts and 3 load experts. Load experts are non-professional astronauts, just one of the crew who entered space with the space shuttle; There is another set of policies and procedures for selecting load experts. NASA's Load Expert Service (Load Expert Service) is responsible for all the affairs of American manned spacecraft entering space by its subordinate Johnson Space Center. Whether Americans or experts from other countries go into space by space shuttle, they must be selected by this organization. The selected load experts are included in the flight plan of the space shuttle as "crew members". The experimental project of the load expert is included in the experimental plan of the space shuttle.