From August 8th to12nd, the International Expo on Planning and Construction of Weifang Eco-city in China was held in Weifang, sponsored by China Urban Planning Association, Shandong Provincial Construction Department and Weifang Municipal Government, and undertaken by Weifang Planning Bureau. At this Expo, participants not only heard the opinions of experts on urban ecological planning and circular economy, but also saw the award-winning works of excellent urban planning by the state and the Ministry of Construction, as well as excellent works with ecological themes or ecological characteristics abroad. There are many highlights worth sharing with us.
New concept: green space planning extends to the region
"Regional green space" is a new concept, which refers to a green open space with great natural and humanistic significance and regional influence, which is demarcated, strictly protected and restricted for a long time in a certain area in order to ensure regional ecological security, highlight local humanistic characteristics and improve urban and rural environmental landscape. Among the outstanding urban planning award-winning works exhibited by the State and the Ministry of Construction, the award-winning work "Research on Regional Green Space Planning in Guangdong Province" jointly compiled by the York Urban and Regional Planning Research Center of Guangdong Province and Foshan Urban Planning Survey and Design Institute can be said to be a prominent highlight.
The purpose of regional green space planning and protection in Guangdong Province is to maintain the regional natural pattern and build a reasonable ecological network. Optimize the spatial structure of urban and rural areas and shape a good development pattern; Improve the regional development environment and promote the sustainable development of urban and rural areas; Strengthen urban and rural management and implement the mandatory content of planning. According to the characteristics of Guangdong's resources and the functions of regional green space, * * * will include six categories of land including ecological protection zones, scenic green spaces, coastal green spaces, protective green spaces, river green spaces and special green spaces, and 24 sub-categories of land including nature reserves into the regional green space system. Regional green space planning is an integral part of urban system planning (including the overall urban planning covering the whole administrative region), and it is an essential professional planning, which is subject to grading examination and approval. After the regional green space planning is approved, the local people's government shall publish it. Once designated, it must be maintained permanently for a long time, not less than 20 years.
At present, the "Guidelines for Regional Green Space Planning in Guangdong Province" has been formally implemented in Guangdong Province, and regional green space planning will become an indispensable part of the urban planning content system in Guangdong Province through legislation. The concept and content of regional green space planning have been introduced into the planning of many cities in the province.
The winning work of Hubei Urban Planning and Design Institute, Urban System Planning of Hubei Province, puts forward the slogan of "Ecological Hubei, Green Heart of China", which can be said to be in the same strain. The plan puts forward "taking large and medium-sized cities as ecological support points, traffic trunk lines as ecological corridors, Jianghan Plain as ecological green center, mountainous areas in western Hubei, hilly areas in northern Hubei, mountainous areas in northeastern Hubei, artificial wetlands in large reservoirs in western Hubei, and natural wetlands in lakes in eastern Hubei as ecological barriers to build an ecological structure framework of Hubei Province with ecological harmony, excellent environment, beautiful landscape, open interaction and virtuous cycle", which is the first time of the provincial ecological spatial structure. Taking the "water superiority and water worry" of urban development in Hubei as the breakthrough point and key point, this paper deeply analyzes the relationship between urban development and resource matching, environmental security and ecological stability, rationally utilizes and optimizes the allocation of various resources, strictly protects the environment and implements strict development control in ecologically sensitive areas. Based on the reality of Hubei Province, this paper puts forward a zoning model of development control, which is different from the conventional one, namely, nine zoning types, such as "urban planning area, historical and cultural heritage protection area, scenic spot, agricultural production area, passage green belt, water conservation area, ecological fragile key control area and flood diversion and storage area", and makes a special study on the development control along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River with Hubei characteristics.
New method: Pre-research is helpful for scientific revision of planning.
Zhuhai Urban Master Plan, an award-winning work jointly compiled by China Urban Planning and Design Institute and Zhuhai Urban Planning and Design Institute, takes the main problems faced by urban development and planning management as the starting point, and aims at improving the practicability and adaptability of the planning results. It adopts the cooperation mode of many institutions and design consulting units. In order to make the planning results more scientific, 22 special studies were conducted in the early stage of planning. It involves regional development and socio-economic background, land use, spatial structure, urban environment, urban transportation and urban facilities, urban landscape, urban-rural relationship and islands, planning management system and planning implementation strategy.
Practice has proved that this has three advantages: first, planning can directly determine the development direction of Zhuhai from the perspective of regional coordination, comprehensively analyze Zhuhai's position and role in the Pearl River Delta region, especially its cooperation and liaison with Hong Kong and Macao, so as to accurately grasp the overall goal of Zhuhai's future economic and social development and urban positioning. Especially in the cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao, the paper puts forward the solutions of space and facilities (such as cross-border traffic passage with Hong Kong) in the cooperation between Zhuhai and Macao and between Zhuhai and Hong Kong. Second, because of the special research on urban land before planning, the management system and problems of urban land planning are analyzed, so as to clarify the present situation of urban land resources and the characteristics of land development and utilization, and then put forward the corresponding land strategies, namely: the allocation of land resources with balanced supply and demand; Government-market interactive allocation of land resources: strengthening land consolidation and digesting vacant land. Third, according to the results of the previous special research, the priority order of land use functions and important facilities construction in various regions was determined, which enhanced the macro-control role of the government in changing market demand conditions through urban planning under the system dominated by market economy and improved the adaptability of planning results to future development and changes.
Not only in Zhuhai, but also in many places in recent years, when the overall urban planning was revised, a lot of work was done in the preliminary investigation.
Planning and regulation to adapt to market economy
The first 20 years of this century is a crucial period for the accelerated development of urbanization in China. In order to promote the healthy development of cities, we must give full play to the guiding and regulating role of urban planning. The award-winning work "Shenzhen Urban Master Planning and Recent Construction Planning Review" compiled by Shenzhen Planning and Design Institute can be said to be refreshing.
Planning strengthens the control mechanism of urban master planning, pays attention to the government's control means of strategic resources under the market economy, and strives to make breakthroughs in government investment and public policies, leaving more space and room for market behavior. Change the traditional concept and train of thought of master plan, emphasize the importance of implementing master plan step by step, lock in the core content of master plan in the near future, and put forward the working method of "analyzing the trend far away, being realistic near, combining far and near"; Highlight the role of master plan as public policy, introduce public choice theory, system theory, cybernetics and public policy theory, highlight the concept of urban management, emphasize the control and guidance of urban planning under the condition of market economy, emphasize rigidity and compulsion in the protection of urban overall interests and public interests and the supply of public products, and give it a certain degree in the specific projects and space selection of market action. Improve the coordination mechanism of urban planning, integrate and improve the tenth five-year plan and various industry plans on the platform of "urban construction", give play to the agglomeration effect and leverage of public investment, and promote the coordinated promotion of key areas and major projects.
This plan is not only a beneficial attempt to inherit the tradition of "rolling planning" and actively explore the implementation of the overall planning mechanism in stages, but also the result of implementing the spirit of the instructions of the competent state departments on strengthening planning supervision and management. As an important policy document guiding urban development and construction, it has a wide and positive impact on the government, society and academic level, and has become a government document with substantive guiding significance and strong operability, which has been highly praised by the leaders of the Ministry of Construction.
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