Noun (short for noun)

general election

Universal suffrage is an extension of the right to vote, that is, for an adult, regardless of his gender, age, race, belief and social status, he has the right to participate in political elections. /kloc-In the mid-9th century, there was a constitutional movement in Britain, which advocated that men, regardless of race or class, had the right to participate in political elections. /kloc-Liberals and social Democrats in the democratic movement in the 0/9th century, especially those in northern Europe, used the slogan "equality * * * has the right to vote". The universal suffrage movement includes social, economic and political movements, with the goal of extending the right to vote to all races. However, women's universal suffrage or voting rights, voting rights, etc. It was not taken seriously until the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. The earliest universal suffrage movement took place at the beginning of19th century, with the focus on lowering the property conditions required for elections. Many societies initially had racial requirements for the right to vote. For example, apartheid in South Africa, where non-whites could not vote, did not end until after the multi-party election of 1994. Before the civil rights movement, blacks in the southern United States only had theoretical voting rights, but there were many means to prevent them from achieving universal suffrage. The Ku Klux Klan was founded after the American Civil War, mainly to demand that blacks be forced to stop voting. Some universal suffrage systems actually exclude some people from voting. For example, people who refuse to recognize prisoners' right to vote, mental patients. Almost all judicial systems deny non-citizen residents and minor citizens the right to vote.

Universal suffrage

Some countries or states think that it is the first place with universal suffrage. USA, New Zealand, Australia, South Australia, Finland, France and Norway. Some countries or states grant and cancel citizens' universal suffrage at different times.

List in chronological order:

New Jersey (USA)-1776-1807, the first one included universal suffrage for women and blacks. In addition to property claims, married women are also deprived of universal suffrage. New Jersey was an independent country before 1789.

New Zealand-1893, the first country with universal suffrage, although there are some unequal demands and Maori insist on voting.

South Australia, Australia-1894, women were allowed as candidates for the first time, but Australian aborigines have not yet obtained universal suffrage. This electoral system does not apply to all states in Australia.

Australia's Western Australia-1899, Australia's second state to grant universal suffrage to all citizens, followed by 1902 New South Wales, 1903 Tasmania, 1905 Queensland, 1908 Victoria.

Australia-1901year, the first referendum of the Australian federal election; From 65438 to 0967, all Australian aborigines gained universal suffrage.

The Grand Duchy of Finland-1906, allowing women as candidates for the first time. 19 17 Finland officially became independent and granted universal suffrage to all citizens.

Norway-Universal suffrage was implemented in 19 13.

Canada-1918, Quebec enacted women's universal suffrage; 1960, all Indians formally gained universal suffrage.

Estonia-universal suffrage was implemented in 19 18.

Ireland-Universal suffrage was implemented in 19 18.

After the defeat of the allied forces in World War I:

Austria-19 18

Czechoslovakia-19 18

Germany-1918 (1935-1945) was cancelled by the Nuremberg decree. During World War II, the countries occupied by Nazi Germany were also abolished. )

Hungary-19 18

Poland-19 19

Luxembourg-19 19

Netherlands-19 19

United States-1920; But it was not until 1965 that African Americans in the southern United States had universal suffrage.

Sweden-1909, giving men the right to participate in politics through universal suffrage; 192 1 year, universal suffrage is granted to all citizens.

Lithuania-1922

Romania-1923

Britain-1928

Northern Ireland (UK)-1968

Sri Lanka-193 1 year; Sri Lanka deprived Tamils of their right to universal suffrage.

Spain-193 1 year, universal suffrage for men over 23 years old, 1933 universal suffrage for all citizens over 23 years old. But in Franco's time, it was cancelled from 1939 to 1975.

Turkey-1934

Italy-1945

Japan-1945; 1926 universal suffrage.

France-1948; 1792 and 1848 promulgated universal suffrage for men; Used for the referendum during 1852-1870.

Israel-1948 independence, universal suffrage.

Belgium-1948

India-1950

Argentina-195 1 year

Greece-1952; 1864, universal suffrage for men; On 1930, women were allowed to vote in local elections.

Malaysia-1955

Colombia-1956

Switzerland-197 1 year, federal election, women have universal suffrage; But until 1990, women still did not have the right to universal suffrage in national elections.

Portugal-1976

Liechtenstein-1984

South Africa-1930, white women have universal suffrage.

Kuwait -2005