Tianshui, Gansu, known as the hometown of Huang Xi, is the birthplace of Fuxi Nuwa. Fuxi Temple, located in the urban area, was built in Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in Ming Dynasty. It is the largest and best preserved Fuxi Temple in China.
Fuxi statue is full of yellow, covered with scaly green leaves, holding black round gossip with hands up and down on his chest, and there are pictures of Yin and Yang fish in the hexagrams. Fuxi's eyebrows, beard and hair are thick and black, sitting on the green cornerstone with his feet on the wavy lines. At his feet is a curled-up Wolong, covered in stripes and with horns on his head. The whole statue is burly, kind-hearted and imposing, giving people a sense of simplicity, nature, kindness, simplicity and wisdom.
There is also a Guatai Mountain in Sanyangchuan, 20 kilometers north of Fuxi Temple, which stands tall at the intersection of Weishui River and Hulu River. According to legend, Fuxi watched the sky and the earth on this mountain and began to draw gossip. There are also attractions such as Malong Cave and foot washing stone around. Loi Wo Temple, Nuwa Cave, Fengtai, Gu Feng and Fengbi (according to legend, Nuwa was born in the wind, grew up in Fengtai and was buried in Fengbi) are located in Qin 'an County, which is called "the hometown of Vadi".
What can prove the age of Fuxi Nuwa is the original village site of Qin 'an Dadiwan. Houses, stoves, ash pits, graves, drains and more than 8,000 household utensils made of bones, stones and pottery were unearthed in this site. It shows that a relatively large primitive clan community did camp and thrive here seven or eight thousand years ago.
In China, ancient legends similar to Adam and Eve also happened to Fuxi Nuwa. History: "Fuxi dragon body, Nuwa snake body", it is said that a dark night, a sudden flood, annihilated the whole world. Fuxi's brother and sister Nuwa ran barefoot to the top of the high Kunlun Mountain, only to survive. In order to prevent the extinction of mankind, brother and sister got married and then gave birth to the Chinese nation.
In the memory of Chinese and foreign myths, whether it is coincidence or fact, there is a sudden flood. There is Noah's Ark in the west, and the ancestors after the flood disaster in the east were born in the land now called Tianshui. The ecological balance has been seriously damaged, and the mountains and valleys are seriously short of water at ordinary times, which further leads to the accelerated deterioration of ecology. Over time, it suddenly began to rain heavily, which brought destruction to the world.
Naming Tianshui as the birthplace of Chinese ancestors may coincide with asking people to remember the disaster of prehistoric floods.
When it comes to Fuxi, we can't help talking about dragons. The dragon is a symbol of the Chinese nation, which can be traced back to its source. Loong originated from the totem symbol of Fuxi tribe in Taihao, and was the leader of Huang San and hundreds of kings.
Speaking of Chinese civilization, its origin can be traced back to the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Among the three emperors and five emperors, the most influential is Emperor Fuxi. Only Fuxi, the head of the dragon, was honored as the ancestor of China.
According to legend, Fuxi is the son of Raytheon, and his mother Hua Xushi stepped on the "footprint" left by Raytheon in Razer and became pregnant. Because lightning is one of the important materials of dragons. Lightning is the shape of a dragon, thunder is the sound of a dragon, Thor is the dragon god, and Thor's son is of course a dragon. As a result, Fuxi was born with a "dragon face". In ancient books, it was called "turtle-toothed dragon lips", "nose dragon shape" and "dragon body with cow head". He "teaches dragons, paints gossip", "takes dragons as officials, and posthumous title is the dragon master", and then makes nets, calendars and sports.
Nu Wa, who is famous for refining stones to make up the sky, making people from loess, and seeking marriage and starting a career, is also a dragon and a female dragon. The ancients said that Nu Wa "snake is the head", "Fuxi scales, Nu Wa snakes". The snake is the model of the dragon, and the dragon is the sublimation of the snake. To say that Nu Wa is "snake" or "snake" is equivalent to saying that Nu Wa is "dragon" or "dragon". No wonder people often refer to the long-tailed portrait of Fuxi Nuwa on stone reliefs in Han Dynasty and the silk paintings in Tang Dynasty as "snake portrait" and "dragon portrait".
What is the original figure of the dragon? The earliest book about dragons, Shan Hai Jing. Overseas in Xijing, it says: "Arowana lives in the mausoleum and looks like a raccoon, which is called a raccoon." According to Er Ya, "the giant salamander is called raccoon". At present, in Quxi, a forest area in the southeast of Tianshui, there are groups of giant salamanders, commonly known as giant fish, which are the prototype of quadruped dragon and the totem god of Fuxi nationality. The giant salamander was regarded as sacred by the ancients. "Historical records. "Biography of the First Emperor" contains: "The first emperor was buried with mermaid cream as a candle." It is said that candles made from the fat of giant fish can expel oxygen from the air and protect the body from decay.
As the powerful Fuxi tribe migrated from the Loess Plateau to the Central Plains, Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, it conquered many tribes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and southwest China. Totems such as horses, cows, dogs, deer, fish and birds that conquered the tribe were also integrated into the totem of Fuxi tribe. The primitive dragon in the shape of giant fish is integrated with the totems of all ethnic groups, forming a comprehensive dragon totem and forming a bond of unity of the Chinese nation.
Non-Han rulers who conquered the Central Plains by force emphasized that they were descendants of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, so as to eliminate the influence of Han's "orthodox" concept. Many minority rulers even invented genealogy related to the holy king of China. For example, Liu Yuan, a Hun, claimed to be a descendant of Liu Bang, a Miao of the former Qin Dynasty, and Fu Jian of the former Dynasty claimed to be a descendant of Xirong. Later, Yao claimed to be a descendant of Shun, and the Northern Zhou Xianbei Yuwen said that "it originated from Yandi Shennong" and so on.
The Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty from the Mongolian Plateau especially worshipped Huang San. Emperor Timur of Emperor Chengzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered all counties in China to build Huang San Temple to worship it. Fu, the right leader, is admired, so Fuxi Temple in Guatai Mountain in Tianshui is very popular. In Manchuria, a remote place in Northeast China, the Qing Empire, which broke away from the custom and ruled China, repeatedly declared that it was also the descendant of three emperors and five emperors to emphasize the legitimacy of its succession.
In fact, neither the Yuan Empire nor the Qing Empire was passive. Since Fuxi, ancient heroes such as Shennong, Gou Mang, * * Gong, Zhuan Xu, Zhu Rong and Xuanyuan Huangdi all inherited the dragon totem. The three emperors and five emperors come down in one continuous line, and the culture they created also comes down in one continuous line with the dragon culture. The Xia Houshi tribe that established the first slave country was the dragon; The Huns, who have dominated the north for a long time, are also a dragon. In addition, the Yi, Yao and other ethnic minorities in the southwest of China still retain the legend that Fuxi Nuwa is their ancestor.
As far away as Xinjiang, many Fuxi Nuwa cultural relics have been unearthed. The silk painting Fuxi Nuwa was unearthed from the tombs of Astanahala and Gu Zhuo in Turpan. The picture has profound implication, peculiar composition, artistic charm and mystery, which has attracted the attention of academic circles. This kind of picture is found in other cemeteries near Jiaohe old city, mostly in the graves where husband and wife are buried together. According to the ancient etiquette of China, Fuxi is on the left, his left hand holds the moment, Nu Wa is on the right, his right hand holds the rules, and the head of the snake leans forward. Draw the sun on your head, the moon on your tail, and there are stars all around.
The ancient Qiang and Rong tribes were widely active in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Weihe River, Yangtze River and Jinsha River. Then, Fuxi, Huangdi and Yan Di, who were born here, are inextricably linked with Qiang Rong. Some people even say that Fuxi was actually the leader of the Qiang nationality who was in an advanced cultural position at that time. Later, Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor were also closely related to Qiang Rong.
In the land of China, both China and Yi are brought under the banner of dragon totem. This statement can be obtained from the sacrifice of Fuxi.
Sacrificing Fuxi originated from Qin people. In the 10th year of Qin Wengong (756 BC), there was a court (left deer and right deer). The temple is where the gods live. The temple is the holy land of Fuxi. In the fourth year of Emperor Gong Xuan (672 BC), a secret hall was built, which was also a shrine of Fuxi. According to Records of the Historian, before Qin unified the whole country, there were eight temples dedicated to the gods, and two temples dedicated to Fuxi.
According to Records of the Historian Qin Benji, from the last years of Shang Dynasty, it is well documented that the Qin people "stayed in Xirong to protect Xihuang" and moved their capital to Guanzhong in four years (762 BC). The Qin people took Xihuang, today's waters, as their base, which lasted for about 300 years after 14 generations.
Different opinions on the origin of Qin people can also be seen in the dragon totem, including Mongolian, Xiongnu and other ethnic groups. Although Historical Records of Qin Benji was written by Sima Qian, the records of ancestors' deeds of Qin people are clear in context. However, a famous historian in modern times, Jane Bozan, after in-depth study, proposed that Qin people were Miao people who originally lived in vilen, Ordos. At the end of the Paleolithic period, it moved westward along the Yellow River and slowly moved southwest. By the early Neolithic age, they had settled in the Yellow River Basin and Taohe River Basin in southwest Gansu. In the middle of Neolithic Age, Qin people left southwest Gansu and moved eastward, at the same time, Qiang people also moved eastward. Among them, the Zhou nationality was the first to enter the Central Plains. After the Zhou family entered the Central Plains, it was said that it later moved eastward to Qiang, called Xirong, which was different from Qiang in Gansu. Therefore, Qin has the theory of Qin Rong.
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Shaanxi has become the land of various Rong Chi, and the Baiqin family is listed as powerful among the Rong. It occupies a fertile valley between Weihe River and water, is rich in aquatic plants suitable for animal husbandry, is the birthplace of Zhou Culture, and has prosperous manor agriculture and handicrafts. So in the early Spring and Autumn Period, they rose in a rage, conquered neighboring Zhu Rong and became a powerful Qin family.
It was not until Qin annexed the six countries that a unified Chinese nation was formed. At that time, foreigners called the middle-aged people in the Yellow River basin Qin people. Even some people call China in English, which is also derived from the title of Qin people. Due to the short life span of the Qin dynasty, after the rise of the Han dynasty, this title was changed to Han Chinese. At this point, the Han nationality began to be distinguished from other ethnic groups, but traced back to the source, the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities did belong to the descendants of Fuxi Emperor Long.
For the formation of the Han nationality, experts' authoritative explanation is: "Before the formation of Zhou, Xia, Shang and Barbarians, the Yi, Rong and Di nationalities were formed in the Central Plains of China; After the formation of Zhou State, it became a Huaxia nationality in the period of great ethnic integration in the Spring and Autumn Period, and only after Qin unified the whole country did it form a unified Huaxia nationality. During the Western Han Dynasty, the Huaxia nationality developed and transformed into the Han nationality. "
Some people even think that the Yanhuang culture, which is regarded as authentic by the Han nationality at present, has a close relationship with the Qiang and Rong civilizations in the upper reaches of the river. It can even be said that the Yanhuang civilization that flourished in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was born out of the Qiang and Rong civilization in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. After the investigation and interview on the Silk Road in June+10, 5438, along the Weihe River and the Yellow River, the "trajectory" of the Yanhuang tribe's eastward development can be found everywhere, so I deeply agree with this view.
In the long historical process, the Han nationality was formed in the process of continuous integration with neighboring nationalities. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, China also experienced two great integration processes of Han nationality and ethnic minorities: First, during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, a large number of ethnic minorities in the North and South, such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Wuhuan, Jiedi, Di, Ba and Qiang, were assimilated by the Han nationality when they entered the Central Plains; A large number of Han people moved to the south and assimilated some ethnic minorities in the south. As a result of the great integration of national cultures, Tang Wenhua, a peak in the cultural history of the Han nationality, was formed. So there are still many foreigners overseas who are used to calling China Tang people.
The other is that from the Song, Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Han people assimilated a large number of northern minorities. After more than two thousand years of snowball development, the Han nationality, the main ethnic group in China today, has been formed.
If the Han nationality in the Central Plains is the trunk of a towering tree, then the ethnic minorities around China are all descendants of dragons, just like lush foliage. In the long historical process and extensive cultural exchanges, the Han nationality and the surrounding ethnic minorities have written wonderful movements of Chinese civilization, which should be more accurate and have exhausted the origin of the Chinese nation.
We are all descendants of dragons. The saying that the descendants of dragons have a broader historical basis than the descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
It is no longer a myth that Fuxi Nuwa created the Chinese nation. This is my spiritual discovery in Fuxi Temple.