1958 In May, the Second National Congress of the Eighth CPC officially adopted the general line of "building socialism with all efforts, striving for the upper reaches, and building socialism quickly and economically". Although the starting point of this general line is to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture as soon as possible, it is impossible to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture quickly because of ignoring the objective economic laws. After the general line was put forward, the party launched the "Great Leap Forward" movement. The "Great Leap Forward" movement pursues the high-speed development of production, aiming at achieving high indicators of industrial and agricultural production. The output of major industrial and agricultural products is required to increase several times or even dozens of times. For example, it is proposed that the steel output ratio of 1958 be doubled from 3.35 million tons to10.7 million tons, and the ratio of 1959 to 1958 be doubled from10.7 million tons to 3000. The grain output of 1958 is 80% higher than that of 1957, from 390 billion Jin to about 700 billion Jin, and 1959 is 50% higher than that of 1958, from about 700 billion Jin to about1050 billion Jin. The Great Leap Forward movement pursued large-scale construction and put forward various slogans of "doing great things" and "doing special things" by the whole party and the whole people. For example, the whole party and the whole people make great efforts to smelt steel, run railways, run 10 thousand pig farms and run 10 thousand chickens. Under such a goal and slogan, capital construction investment has expanded rapidly. In the past three years, the total investment in capital construction reached 654.38 billion yuan, almost twice the total investment in capital construction during the first five-year plan period. The accumulation rate suddenly increased sharply, and the average annual accumulation rate for three years was as high as 39.6438+0%. Because insisting on achieving those unrealistic high goals will inevitably lead to the prevalence of blind command and exaggeration, and the lives of the broad masses have encountered serious difficulties. From June 1958+065438+ 10 to July 1959, the central authorities of Mao Zedong and China tried to correct the mistakes they had noticed and took a series of measures to reduce the industrial and agricultural production index 1959. The Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee wrongly criticized Peng's so-called right-wing anti-party clique, and then the whole party launched an "anti-right" struggle, which interrupted the efforts to correct the mistakes and further developed the "left" mistakes within the party. 1960 proposed that we should keep the Great Leap Forward for a long time, continue to demand that industrial and agricultural production reach unrealistic high goals, or unfairly criticize the goal of 1959' s compression in the first half of the year, blindly emphasize the opposition to Right Deviation, and put all our energy into it. In the case of food shortage in various places, we will continue to increase infrastructure investment and infrastructure projects, and the annual output of steel should not be less than one ton. High indicators, blind command and boasting are rampant again. The three-year "Left" deviation from the Great Leap Forward in 1958 led to a great imbalance in the proportion of the national economy and caused serious economic difficulties.