This fire extinguishing method was still used in Ming and Qing dynasties. As the imperial palace of Ming and Qing dynasties, the Forbidden City has always paid attention to fire prevention. "Cutting ice in winter, injecting water in summer, weeding in spring and clearing leaves in autumn" has been the fire prevention tradition of the Forbidden City since Ming and Qing Dynasties.

There are 308 iron, copper and gold-plated bronze urns in the Forbidden City, which were designed for fire prevention in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Each cylinder can store more than 3000 liters of water, ensuring that the water storage tank is always full. Jinshui River is also the fire water source of the Forbidden City since ancient times. These ancient traditions of fire prevention still apply. Every winter, officers and men have to brave the cold and dig a one-meter square ice cave every 20 meters in Jinshui Hanoi.

Usually, in the open area of the Forbidden City, the water tanks in front of the main halls of the Forbidden City do not store water to prevent children from entering by mistake, but in the non-open area, the water tanks in front of the main halls will be filled with water. In case of fire, the water in the water tank can be used as the nearest water source for timely utilization.

In spring and autumn, the squadron commanders will also humidify the vegetation in the Forbidden City, and at the same time clean up the weeds tens of meters high on the roof of the palace to prevent combustible materials from causing fires.

2. Modern fire prevention

Fire fighting equipment shall be inspected once a month. According to Ma Jikun, the fire supervisor of the Forbidden City and the deputy section chief of the supervision and guidance section of Tiananmen Fire Brigade, the Palace Museum is required to implement the main responsibility of fire control in combination with the Fire Safety Law and the "three-self activity" of self-examination and self-reform.

As the fire supervisor of the Forbidden City, Ma Jikun conducts a comprehensive inspection of the fire facilities and key areas of the Forbidden City every month. In practice, Ma Jikun spends half of his working time on safety inspection every week. According to the management regulations of the Palace Museum, smoking is prohibited in the whole building of the Palace Museum, and open flames are not allowed in the Palace Museum. All the restaurants in the Palace Museum, including the fire squadron of the Palace Museum, use electric cookers.

Construction workers often come to repair the main hall in the Forbidden City. For them and the recruits of the Palace Museum, Ma Jikun and the fire department of the Palace Museum will also provide them with fire training. During construction, workers are required not to use electrical equipment in the temple, and at the same time, metal enclosures must be used to avoid the formation of fire sources to ignite flammable items during construction.

Because the Forbidden City can't use fire sprinkler alarm system, the main fire alarms used in the main hall at present are suction fire alarm and infrared fire alarm. Electrical fire monitoring equipment is installed in key parts of the Forbidden City where the collection is stored. When the current is unstable, the equipment will give an alarm, so firefighters can check the alarm circuit.

According to the fire safety requirements of the Palace Museum, when the Palace Museum is closed, all power sources except the security department and the fire department must be turned off, and the Palace Museum adopts a three-level power-off management system for power management. If the first level forgets to power off, the superior system will also complete the power off work. In addition, the main reason why the Forbidden City suffered many fires after its completion was lightning strike. At present, the lightning protection equipment in the Forbidden City has basically been fully covered.

3, fire control measures

94 high-pressure fire hydrants were added. In the past, the fire water supply system of the Palace Museum mainly came from municipal fire hydrants. When it is necessary to put out the fire, the municipal department pressurizes it, and the pressurization time is slow. After the upgrading of the 20 15 "Ping 'an Forbidden City" project, high-pressure fire hydrants and water pump rooms were added in the Forbidden City, which can ensure that the fire water pressure is not pressurized.

At present, there are 94 high-pressure fire hydrants and 73 municipal fire hydrants in the Forbidden City. At the same time, there is a water supply department under the Fire Department of the Forbidden City, and a special person is on duty 24 hours a day to inspect fire hydrants. The harem in the northeast corner and northwest corner of the Forbidden City also needs to rely on the 4866 fire extinguisher of the Palace Museum. The commanders and fighters of the Forbidden City Squadron check the fire hydrants 167 and the fire extinguishers 4,866 every day.

Whether there is water leakage, rust and drainage should be recorded one by one. In places with dense harem buildings, it is even more necessary for firefighters and fire fighters to focus on patrolling, increase the density of emergency booths, and ensure that fire fighting is carried out at the first time.

Cultural relics hospital has mechanical smoke exhaust and gas fire extinguishing system. In case of fire, people in the temple will be evacuated at the first time. After all the people are evacuated, the gas fire extinguishing device will be started by a special person, and the fire retardant gas will be quickly filled into the room to complete the fire extinguishing work.

Extended data:

The value of the Forbidden City:

1, natural history

The establishment of the Palace Museum has two meanings: one is another victory of the democratic revolution and a fatal blow to the restoration forces; Second, the great achievements in China's cultural and artistic history. In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), the Palace Museum held an opening ceremony on June 10. Museums are institutions that collect, study, display and preserve physical objects for cultural and educational purposes.

2. Heritage value

1987, the Forbidden City in Beijing was listed as a world cultural heritage. The World Heritage Organization's evaluation of the Forbidden City is: "The Forbidden City is the highest power center in China for more than five centuries. It has become an invaluable historical witness to the civilization of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties with its garden landscape and a huge building complex of 9,000 rooms containing furniture and handicrafts."

The Forbidden City has become a world cultural heritage, which has deepened people's understanding of the value of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City represents a culture that has become history, and it has the shell of palace culture. At the same time, it represented the mainstream culture at that time. After a long period of historical screening and accumulation, of course, it can not be simply summarized as "feudal backwardness."

3. Academic value

The study of ancient palaces was put forward by the Palace Museum in 2003. It is a science that takes the Forbidden City in Beijing and its rich collections as the research object. The study of ancient palace studies mainly includes six aspects: the palace complex, cultural relics collection, palace historical relics, archives of Ming and Qing Dynasties, classics of Qing Dynasty and the history of the Palace Museum, which has rich and profound disciplinary connotations.

The Forbidden City culture is a royal culture with the emperor, imperial power and imperial palace as its core. The proposal and establishment of ancient palace science will make its research enter the conscious stage and improve the level of ancient palace science as a whole.

People's Network-How to prevent fire in the Forbidden City in 600 years?

Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing Forbidden City