At the end of 1936, President Mao Zedong said: "In the past, we were all armed. Now we want literature as well as martial arts. We need both civil skills and military skills. " (See Speech at the Inaugural Meeting of China Writers and Artists Association) Then 1937 "July 7th Incident" broke out, and "Wu" needed the cooperation of "Wen" more. Chairman Mao published many expositions about War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and met with Chinese and foreign journalists. 1June, 939, Xinhua newspaper of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region government was changed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organ newspaper, and Chairman Mao wrote an inscription "Make Xinhua newspaper a new force in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression". In June+10, 5438, Chairman Mao prefaced Producer magazine, proposing to build a nationwide, broad-based and completely consolidated party ideologically, politically and organizationally, and "there must be a special party newspaper". But Xinhua Daily, after all, is a tabloid with four editions in three days, while the Party's Liberation Weekly has only one edition, so its status is too small.
194 1 At the beginning of the year, the pro-Japanese faction of the Kuomintang conspired in southern Anhui to surround the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army, the leading organs of the Central China Bureau, the Central China Party School and troops, and forbade the party to publish news reports in the Xinhua Daily published in Chongqing. Comrade Zhou Enlai can only write 16 characters, "A leaf in the south of the Yangtze River, a strange injustice throughout the ages, caring for each other, what's the hurry?" In protest.
Bo Gukai (Qin Bangxian), member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and member of the Standing Committee of South China Bureau, felt that this situation was not good, and suggested to the Central Committee that a daily newspaper, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Organ, should be set up to strengthen the leadership of Xinhua News Agency. The CPC Central Committee agreed and appointed Bo Gukai as president, Yang Songlai, secretary general of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, as editor-in-chief, and Yu Guangsheng, secretary of former general secretary Zhang Wentian, as deputy editor-in-chief. He studied in America and is good at foreign languages. The newspaper and Xinhua News Agency are stationed in Liang Qing together, forming a famous news mountain.
1941may 14, the editorial department held its first meeting. Bo Gu Kailai proposed to make Liberation Daily the mouthpiece of the fighting party, taking a clear stand and using Marxism-Leninism to observe and study the situation at home and abroad. On June 5438+05, the newspaper tried to publish, and the headline was inscribed by Chairman Mao. The trial publication was approved by Chairman Mao and officially published on June 16, 2006. On June 5438+05, Chairman Mao also drafted the Notice on Publishing Liberation Daily and Improving the Work of Xinhua News Agency for the Secretariat of the Central Committee. The notice said: "From May 16, Yan 'an Xinhua Daily and Today's News will be combined to publish Liberation Daily, and the cause of Xinhua News Agency will be improved and unified by a committee. All policies of the Party should be published by Jiefang Daily and Xinhua News Agency, and the editorial of Jiefang Daily should be written by leading comrades of the Central Committee and leading cadres of the Party. It is enough to unite the people of the whole country to defeat Japanese imperialism. The conclusion of the publication is "unity, unity, unity, this is our weapon and our slogan."
The publication reiterated that "China's policy of producing the Party has always been the policy of the anti-Japanese national united front". The publication is more than 1,000 words, concise, vividly expressing the tasks of the newspaper, announcing the position of the party and proposing the relationship between the party and the party newspaper.
The headline on the front page is Bo Gu's "Soviet aid policy to China remains unchanged". On May 18, the newspaper published a 3,500-word editorial written by Chairman Mao, "See who owns the map of today's world". This paper summarizes the world situation from three characteristics: Germany's total victory in Europe, its peace policy towards China, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Soviet Union, with the liberated areas as the main battlefield, and puts forward the conspiracy of the United States and Britain to collude with Japan to sacrifice China in the Far East and provoke Germany to point the finger at the Soviet Union in Europe, and optimistically declares: "On today's map, only the people and only we can answer this question correctly." At this point, a large-scale party newspaper that can convey the voice of the party in time and report major events at home and abroad was born.
enhance Party spirit
Liberation Daily has been regarded as a powerful organ newspaper of the proletarian party since its publication. However, Mao Zedong and Bo Gu, and even the editorial board of the newspaper, did not edit the daily newspaper after all, nor did they systematically summarize the experience of editing and publishing party newspapers before. 1941September 16, the newspaper was changed from four pages to four pages of a large daily newspaper. Bo Gu proposed that the layout should be the European version and the Far East version, and Yu Guangsheng, deputy editor-in-chief, should be responsible for it. The third edition is a domestic edition, and the first half of the fourth edition is Yan 'an and the border region, which is in the charge of Wu Min, the editorial board; The second half is literature and other columns. The literary column is edited by Ding Ling, who is responsible for contacting other columns. The manuscript of the column is reviewed by the president or editor-in-chief
This arrangement of pages has limited the propaganda pages of Yan 'an and the border region that Bo Gu Kailai and Song Yang used to say, moved the party activities that were often on the front page to the third edition, increased the pages of international propaganda, and the news of foreign news agencies was often reproduced as it was.
So, the big problem finally happened. February 1942, 1 Chairman Mao made a report on rectifying the style of study at the opening ceremony of the Central Party School, and made a speech on "Opposing stereotyped Party writing" at the "compression meeting" held by the Propaganda Department of the CPC on the 8 th. These two speeches marked the development of Yan 'an rectification movement, but the news of these two extremely important speeches were published in the lower left corner and the lower right corner of the third edition respectively, with only three columns of headlines. There were not many speeches written by Chairman Mao in the news, which attracted the attention of the Central Committee and the majority of party member cadres.
Then the special issue of "Literature and Art" published some articles with petty-bourgeois tendencies that were considered by some literary and art workers who were divorced from reality, from the masses and had vague views under the gloomy political environment and difficult material conditions.
Therefore, on March 65438+6, 2006, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China issued the Notice on the Reform of Party Newspapers, pointing out that "the main task of newspapers is to publicize and implement the Party's policies and reflect people's lives". The notice also pointed out: "If a newspaper only publishes news for domestic and foreign news agencies in a large space, then this newspaper is not strong in party spirit and only acts as a voluntary propagandist for other news agencies."
On March 17, Bo Gu Kailai reviewed the ten-month work of the newspaper at the general meeting of all the cadres of the newspaper, checked the mistakes, took responsibility for himself, and put forward a new policy and plan for newspaper revision without any explanation. On March 3 1 day, Mao Zedong and Bo Gukai held a forum on newspaper revision in the Central Office of Yang Jialing, attended by more than 70 leaders and writers from various departments inside and outside the Party. Bo Gukai first criticized himself, using facts to show that the newspaper was not done well and did not do its due duty. Finally, Mao Zedong said: "The use of Liberation Daily should be one of the regular businesses of various organs. Newspapers can promote the work transformation of other departments after spreading the experience of one department. When we come to the rectification today, we must make good use of newspapers. " Chairman Mao also said: "It is a good phenomenon that various departments have begun to discuss the rectification of the Three Winds, but some people have never spoken from a correct standpoint. This is the concept of absolute equality, and it is also the way to stab the knife behind. " Chairman Mao once again pointed out the role of party newspapers and advocated their use in the rectification movement.
In order to rectify the Three Winds smoothly, in the extraordinary spring of 1942, Chairman Mao personally led the revision of Liberation Daily, and the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art (May 2 -23) and the Forum on Democratic Centralism of Academia Sinica (May 27-June 1 1) conducted three ideological struggles successively, paving the way for the rectification. These three things are called an important part of Yan 'an rectification movement.
April 1 began to modify. After ten months of fighting day and night, Bo Gu finally caught Optimus Prime, who advocated "focusing on me" in the party newspaper, straightened out the primary and secondary relations of propaganda and reporting, and put forward that the propaganda of Yan 'an, the border region and the anti-Japanese base areas is the most important, because it is the most concerned about the whole country and the whole world. The new page is a edition of news, the second edition is domestic in the border region, the third edition is international, and the fourth edition is a full-page supplement proposed by Chairman Mao. It is a comprehensive magazine supplement focusing on literature and art. It is a pioneering work in the history of news to supplement a newspaper. A comprehensive supplement focusing on literature and art provides a position for a large number of literary and art workers concentrated in Yan 'an to publish their manuscripts, which meets the demand that there are no other magazines, cadres and the masses in Yan 'an who can't read books on social science and natural science.
On April 1 day, the front page of the newspaper published ten news items, nine domestic news items and one international news item. Nine domestic news came from border areas, Kuomintang areas and enemy-occupied areas. The front page headline published the resolution of the border region Council to reduce public grain and grass, which is a major event related to the production and life of the people in the border region. The revised editorial "To Readers" was written by Bo Gu. The editorial said: "We don't have the qualities, party spirit, mass, militancy and organization necessary for a party newspaper." "The most important weakness is that when the Central Committee recently called on the whole party to oppose subjectivism, sectarianism and stereotyped Party writing and carry out ideological revolution and transformation of the whole party, the party newspaper failed to fulfill its due responsibilities." At the end of the editorial, it is said that we should "make our newspaper a real collective propagandist, collective agitator and collective organizer".
The revision of "4 1" has created a new era in which news shows that people are masters of their own affairs. After more than two months of running around, reporter Mo Ai found that farmers planted more land, opened more land and harvested more food. He was recognized as a model worker by the masses and reported in the newspaper on May 2, in cooperation with the editorial "Look at Wu". In August, 1942, the newspaper transferred about ten literary graduates from Lu Yi. Mu Qing and Zhang Tiefu interviewed Zhao Zhankui quickly, and published their congratulations to Comrade Zhao Zhankui in the newspaper on September 2nd. After the title, the main contents are "Learn from Zhao Zhankui", "The banner and glory of workers" and "We want to launch a Zhao Zhankui movement", with the number 4. Since then, the movement of workers to learn from Zhao Zhankui has begun. 65438+February 65438+February, the headline reported that the 359 Brigade carried out the reclamation policy of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, set up a reclamation site in Nanniwan, made a production plan, and accompanied by an editorial entitled "Actively Publicizing Nanniwan Policy", systematically reported that the 359 Brigade defended the border area with one hand and cultivated land with the other hand to achieve self-sufficiency. Newspaper reports on the 395th Brigade can be compiled into the Reclamation History of the 395th Brigade in Nanniwan, typical reports on Wu can be compiled into Wu Biography, and publicity on Zhao Zhankui can be compiled into Zhao Zhankui Movement. The newspaper made a comprehensive report on models and advanced figures from all walks of life.
After the revision, I decided not to publish the news of western news agencies, and decided to set up Reference News, which, like Today's News, features the news of foreign news agencies and other news agencies. 65438+February 1, Reference News co-edited by Jiefang Daily and Xinhua News Agency was published, and now it is the first issue of Reference News, but its distribution scope is very small.
Chairman Mao affirmed the revision of Liberation Daily. In his letter to He Kaifeng on September 15, he said: "Today, we talked with Bo Gu for a long time, and the newspaper work has made progress. We can hope to change from an incomplete party newspaper to a complete party newspaper. He gave a report to more than 200 people and had a good influence. "