After the founding of New China, the domestic situation was in full swing. However, on February 29th, 1952, 1952, several American planes invaded Anton and Fushun in China, spreading insects with viruses and bacteria, and launched a germ war against China.

In order to restore people's production and life as soon as possible and crush the enemy's germ warfare, President Mao Zedong put forward the slogan of "Mobilize, pay attention to hygiene, reduce diseases, improve health level and crush the enemy's germ warfare".

On March 14 of that year, the State Council decided to set up the Central Committee for Epidemic Prevention, with the task of leading the germ warfare and launching the patriotic health campaign.

On March 19, the Central Committee for Epidemic Prevention issued instructions on bacteriological warfare to all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, requiring all localities to do a good job in killing flies, mosquitoes, fleas, rats and other vector insects.

In February of the same year, the Central patriotic health campaign committee was established, and Premier Zhou Enlai was appointed as the director of the Patriotic Health Association.