The name of Jiange Road comes from the Three Kingdoms. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Records of Huayang, Zhuge Liang has the same status as Shu, and set up a flying pavilion at Jianmenguan and a pavilion to guard it. "Carving stones on the top of your head is the way to fly to Geliang Road and also the way to travel", so it is called Jiange Road. Li Yuan, the county magistrate during the light years of the Qing Dynasty, recorded in Shu that there are still caves in the rocks of Dajianxi Canyon. You can see that Jiange Road is erected along Dajianxi. In fact, Jiange Road only refers to a section of Jianmenguan Road. Later, during the Jianxing period of the Shu and Han Dynasties, Zhuge Liang led the troops to the Northern Expedition and expanded the pavilion on Jinniu Road on a large scale, so later historians called Jinniu Road Jiange Road.
There are two short-term roads on Jiange Road, one is A?vagho?a Pavilion Road and the other is Jinggu Road.
A?vagho?a road. According to "Zhao Hua County Records", "A?vagho?a Road is on the bank of Baishui, five miles north." Today, on the east bank of Bailong River, it starts from Baishuiguan in the west, namely Wuliya, Yonghong Township, Qingchuan County, and ends at Zhaomengguan in the south, namely Zhao Hua Town, Yuanba District (county-level district), with a length of about 60 kilometers. Today, there are still relics in Shuijiatuo area of Bailong River in Qingchuan. According to records, Zhuge Liang cut the Central Plains, and all military exchanges passed through A?vagho?a Road. There is a pavilion by the Bailong River, and the old inscription "The inscription on the plank road" (Tang Ouyang Zhan) has been destroyed.
Jinggu road. It is a section of Jiange Road, starting from Yin Ping County (now Wenxian County) in the north and heading southeast along Bailong River. Up to now, it has crossed the river to Yujiawan in Duyao Township, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, and reached Hanbaishui County (now Shazhou Town) in the south, with a total length of 133 km. It entered Jiange Road from A?vagho?a Road and went south to Jiamengguan (now Zhao Hua).
During the Shu-Han period in the Three Kingdoms, Jiang Weitun's army was fighting, and military exchanges reached all counties in Qin Long from A?vagho?a via Jinggu Road. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" records that "Wargo entered the customs from Jinggu Road and from Yinping".
Jinggu Road is a road opened during the war, which can be connected with any road in the northern section, such as Old Road, Li Anyun Plank Road and Oblique Road, leading to the Central Plains. Jinggu Road was named after the Sui Dynasty established Jinggu County in Baishui.
Baidicheng
Bai Di, fengjie county, Chongqing is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River at the mouth of Qutang Gorge, with Kuimen in the east and Bazhen Mountain in the west. It is surrounded by water on three sides, and the land and water go hand in hand, which is 45 1 km away from downtown Chongqing.
According to legend, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu established a separatist regime in Sichuan, calling himself King Shu. Seeing that white smoke often appeared in a well here, it looked like a white dragon, so he called himself Bai Di, built his capital here, and renamed Ziyang City Bai Di. The existing Baidi City is a restored site in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Baidicheng is the best place to see "Kuimen is the best in the world". Famous poets of past dynasties, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Fan Chengda and Lu You. , have visited baidicheng, leaving a lot of poems. Li Bai's poem "Farewell to the colorful clouds of Baidi, a thousand miles away in Jiangling, apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man" is even more popular. Therefore, Bai Di has the reputation of "Poetry City".
During the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Liu Bei of Shu Dynasty crusaded against Wu Dong and defeated Baidicheng, and fell ill because of grief. On his deathbed, he asked the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang to entrust an orphan to him. There is a large clay sculpture "Liu Bei dragging his bones" in Bai Di Temple.
The temple also displays cultural relics in the hanging coffins of Qutang Gorge and 73 calligraphy and painting inscriptions since Sui and Tang Dynasties, as well as more than 0/000 pieces of cultural relics of past dynasties and more than 0/000 pieces of ancient and modern famous paintings and calligraphy. Among them, "Bamboo Leaf Monument" is a combination of poetry and painting with unique style; The "Three Kings Monument" carved phoenix, peony and phoenix tree, which is exquisite and gorgeous, and can be called a treasure. Among them, there is the famous Bashu bronze sword at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which looks like willow leaves and has exquisite craftsmanship. There are more than 70 intact stone tablets on display in the East and West Forest of Steles, among which the inscription of Sui Dynasty has a history of 13400 years.
After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the water level will rise. Baidicheng will be surrounded by water and become a fairyland on earth. The scenery will be more beautiful and charming, and the cruise ship can go straight to the city.
Baidicheng in history was built by Gongsun Shu in the late Western Han Dynasty. Gongsun Shu is called Ziyang, so Baidicheng is also called Ziyang. This man is very talented in politics. When he was young, he was highly regarded by the local satrap. Under his rule, he also took five counties, but he was able to "repair political affairs and prevent thieves from getting rich, calling the counties ghosts." Because of his ability, Wang Mang was appointed as the governor of Shu. After Wang Mang was executed, there were many people all over the world. One of them, Nanyang Zongcheng, called himself General Huya and assembled tens of thousands of troops, which was quite influential at that time. Because of the decline of the Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu naturally changed his mind, so he wanted to unite with Zongcheng and actively sent envoys to communicate with him. Don't want to zongcheng will be welcomed to chengdu by him. After all, the habit of Qing Lin was heavy, and Gongsun Shu completely gave up the idea of cooperating with him. Instead, they joined hands with local heroes, assembled thousands of elite soldiers, killed Zongcheng and collected his bones. Since then, relying on the dangers of mountains and rivers in Shu, and in line with the idea of "sending troops to the ground if you see benefits, but sticking to agriculture if you don't see them", he is said to have become emperor on his own, making Chengdu his capital, and truly proclaimed himself emperor until 37 AD, when he was wiped out outside Chengdu by troops sent by Emperor Guangwu.
Gongsun Shu himself is a person who believes in the so-called paranormal induction, and he is also very good at using this kind of thing to create momentum for himself. It is said that he once chatted with his subordinates and lamented that being an emperor was predestined by heaven, and he was incapable of this important task. The men who are good at catering immediately responded that the world is for talented people, not to mention the impermanence of fate, and whether the people support it is the decisive factor in being an emperor. Gongsun Shu must be very happy when he heard this, so he dreamed that someone was reading in his ear at night: "The Twelve Periods of Gongsun" (the word Gongsun was broken into radicals in it, probably to add a little mystery). After he woke up, he told his wife this dream, thinking that although he could eventually become emperor, it was a pity that the country was too short, only twelve years, so he hesitated whether these twelve years were worth fighting for. His wife cheered him up and said, "It's okay to die at night, but the situation is twelve." Plus, it didn't take long for his mansion to fly out of a dragon, and there was a faint lettering "Emperor Gongsun" in his palm at night (which was really exaggerated), so Gongsun Shu decided to make a revolution without hesitation.
Gongsun Shu, recorded in the history books, is an iron-fisted man who never hesitates when making a decision to kill. It's hard to imagine such a person making such a big decision just by his wife's words. I think these are just excuses, and he is just putting on a show himself. His decision to be emperor was caused by his ambition. Just to hide people's eyes and ears, I gave myself a godsend makeup, but fortunately there was a seemingly reasonable identity in the cracks of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the legend about the origin of Baidicheng is full of man-made mystery because of such a person.
According to legend, when Gongsun Shu arrived at Chi Jia Mountain, he was overjoyed to see the white gas from an ancient well, and rose like a dragon. Because Gongsun Shu is still white, he naturally thinks this is the best omen and a symbol that he will become a real dragon emperor, so he decided to be the emperor here. So, in AD 25, he built Bai Di City, calling himself Bai Di, where he stationed troops to reclaim land and lived like an emperor.
This legend does not exist in the official history, but it has the same dragon as the official history (Gongsun Shu's national name Longxing), which is as exaggerated and magical. In fact, Gongsun Shu, of course, took a fancy to Qutang Natural Barrier. In the eyes of military strategists, it is really a choke point, so he will build a city here, station troops and open up wasteland, which has nothing to do with dragons. The historical truth without mystery is just a little deception in people's hearts. The point is that this scam just happened to come true.
Bai Di, fengjie county, Chongqing is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River at the mouth of Qutang Gorge, with Kuimen in the east and Bazhen Mountain in the west. It is surrounded by water on three sides, and the land and water go hand in hand, which is 45 1 km away from downtown Chongqing.
According to legend, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu established a separatist regime in Sichuan, calling himself King Shu. Seeing that white smoke often appeared in a well here, it looked like a white dragon, so he called himself Bai Di, built his capital here, and renamed Ziyang City Bai Di. The existing Baidi City is a restored site in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Baidicheng is the best place to see "Kuimen is the best in the world". Famous poets of past dynasties, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Fan Chengda and Lu You. , have visited baidicheng, leaving a lot of poems. Li Bai's poem "Farewell to the colorful clouds of Baidi, a thousand miles away in Jiangling, apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man" is even more popular. Therefore, Bai Di has the reputation of "Poetry City".
During the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Liu Bei of Shu Dynasty crusaded against Wu Dong and defeated Baidicheng, and fell ill because of grief. On his deathbed, he asked the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang to entrust an orphan to him. There is a large clay sculpture "Liu Bei dragging his bones" in Bai Di Temple.
The temple also displays cultural relics in the hanging coffins of Qutang Gorge and 73 calligraphy and painting inscriptions since Sui and Tang Dynasties, as well as more than 0/000 pieces of cultural relics of past dynasties and more than 0/000 pieces of ancient and modern famous paintings and calligraphy. Among them, "Bamboo Leaf Monument" is a combination of poetry and painting with unique style; The "Three Kings Monument" carved phoenix, peony and phoenix tree, which is exquisite and gorgeous, and can be called a treasure. Among them, there is the famous Bashu bronze sword at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which looks like willow leaves and has exquisite craftsmanship. There are more than 70 intact stone tablets on display in the East and West Forest of Steles, among which the inscription of Sui Dynasty has a history of 13400 years.
After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the water level will rise. Baidicheng will be surrounded by water and become a fairyland on earth. The scenery will be more beautiful and charming, and the cruise ship can go straight to the city.
Una Yangtze River
Jiuzhou Chunqiu
Fugan
Fu Gan, who joined the army, remonstrated: "Those who rule the world have two things: literature and martial arts; Use force first, use words first, use virtue first, weeds are enough to help each other, and then the king prepares. In the past, there was chaos in the world, disorder in the upper and lower levels, and all the voices were noisy, which was equal to nine. Today, it is Wu and Shu who did not accept the king's orders. Wu is in danger of the Yangtze River, and Shu is blocked by mountains. It is difficult to have deterrence, but it is easy to have virtue. Fools think that they can release soldiers according to armor, rest their soldiers and raise scholars, and reward them according to their merits. If this is the case, the heart is solid inside and outside, and those who have made meritorious deeds advise it, and the world knows its system. Then gradually develop schools to guide them to be good and increase their righteousness. SHEN WOO shocked the whole world. If he writes an article to help him, the whole world will be completely dissatisfied without thinking. Today,100000 people, we are on the bank of the Yangtze River. If the thief hides deep, the horse can't show his ability, and the strange change can't use his strength. Then the great powers were frustrated and the enemy was dissatisfied. But obviously, what the public thinks is the meaning of dancing, all of which are based on Tao to raise morality and win by Tao. " If the public does not obey, the army is useless. Chae Yeon, a native of Ganzi, a northerner, finally became prime minister Cang Cao. A son said Xuan.
Elevation campaign
During the Chu-Han War, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought for a long time in Xingyang (now Guxing Town in the northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province) and Gaoping (now Sishui Town in the northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province).
Xingyang, the elevation in the west, the Yellow River in the north and Songshan Mountain in the south are the throat of the west (referring to the area west of Hanguguan). In the battle of Pengcheng, the Han army was defeated. Liu Bang retreated to Xiayi (now Dangshan, Anhui), adopted the advice of Sean, a counselor, and decided to take Guanzhong as the base. Strive for Ying Bu, reuse Han Xin and Peng Yue, and unite against Chu. In May, Liu Bang, supplemented by the Guanzhong soldiers recruited by Xiao He, joined Han Xinjun, repelled the chasing Chu army in the east of Xingyang, and confronted the Chu army in Xingyang and Gaoping.
At the beginning of three years, Chu army cut off the grain transportation channel of Han army several times, and Xingyang was in critical condition. Chen Ping, Liu Bang's adviser, used double spies, which made Xiang Yu suspicious of Fan Zeng, the main adviser who advocated a quick attack on Xingyang, and forced him to leave angrily. In April, the Chu army's offensive was even tighter. Liu Bang's peace was rejected by Xiang Yu. Had to life Han Wangxin and Zhou Ke stay in Xingyang, pretending to be Hanwang, pretending to be the east gate of Xingyang, in order to attract the attention of the Chu army. They rode out of the west gate of Xingyang dozens of times and fled to Guanzhong. Xiang Yu occupied the elevation.
Liu Bang accepted the suggestion and led his troops out of Wuguan (now southeast Shaanxi) to Wan (now Nanyang, Henan) and Ye (now southwest Ye County, Henan). Xiang Yu was eager to find the main force of the Han army and led his troops south. Liu Bangjian didn't confront ChuJun head-on. At that time, Xiapi (now Gupi Town, Suining, Jiangsu Province), an important town after Chu, was captured. Peng Yue, who was active in Liangdi (now northeast Henan Province), cut off the route for providing foodstuff for the Chu army, which directly threatened Pengcheng, the capital of Chu (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and Xiang Yu took advantage of it to attack Peng Yue. Liu bang took the opportunity to go north and recover the elevation.
In June, after Xiang Yu defeated Peng Yue, he immediately launched a second offensive against Xingyang and Gaoping, killing Zhou Ke and Zonggong, capturing Han Wangxin, and then taking Xingyang and Gaoping.
Liu Bang was defeated on the north bank of the Yellow River, and Han Xinjun strengthened his frontal defense. The deep ditch and high base blocked the attack of Chu Jun from (now southwest of Gongxian County, Henan Province) and Xiao Xiuwu (now Jiadong, Henan Province). In order to get rid of the passive situation, Liu Bang opened up the northern battlefield in Han Xin, sent Liu Jia and Lu Wan to cross the Yellow River from Baimajin (now northeast of hua county, Henan Province), and went deep into the rear of Chu to cooperate with Peng Yuejun to successively capture Suiyang (now southwest of Shangqiu, Henan Province) and other cities 17 (see "The Battle of Suiyang, etc. 17"), which cut off the route for providing foodstuff for the Chu army and forced Xiang Yu to return. Liu Bang induced Cao Zhi, the general of Chu who stayed at the elevation, to go out, break the Chu army, recapture the elevation, enter Guangwu (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province), take Aocang (granary of Qin and Han Dynasties, located in the North Yellow River of Xingyang, Henan Province), and accumulate millet for military use.
After Xiang Yu recovered the rear city 17, he returned to the elevation and confronted the Han army in Guangwu. Xiang Yu wants to beat Liu Bang. Liu Bang insisted on not fighting. Before the war, he counted the top ten crimes of Xiang Yu, and his spirit was frustrated. The two sides confronted each other for several months. Han Xin pacified Qi (now Shandong) (see the battle between Han Xin and Zhao and Yan Qi), which directly threatened Cheng Peng; Peng Yue swam behind the Chu State, which made it difficult for the Chu army to supply. Xiang Yu was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and was forced to make peace with Han, divide the gorge (the ancient canal, located in the east of Xingyang, Henan), return it to Chu in the east, and return it to Han in the west. In September, Xiang Yu led his army back to the East.
Comments: This war is a famous strategic defensive war in the history of China. Liu Bang dispersed, mobilized and consumed the Chu army with the military strategy of frontal stalemate, flanked by two wings and harassed by the rear, prevented the Chu army from advancing westward, gained time and developed its strength, and finally formed the trend of flanking the Chu army on three sides, turning passivity into initiative and inferiority into advantage. This battle is an important battle for Liu Bang to defeat Xiang Yu, which occupies an important position in the history of China War. The huge contradiction and contrast between the success of Xiang Yu's battlefield command and the failure of strategic guidance, as well as the resulting outcome, left an extremely profound historical lesson for future generations of military strategists.
Battle of Jingxing
In 206 BC, after the demise of the Qin Empire, the history of China entered a new stage. At that time, Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, and Liu Bang, Hanwang, respectively formed two new groups, and the two sides launched a famous Chu-Han war in history for the world. In this nearly five-year war, Han Xin, a general of the Han Dynasty, showed outstanding wisdom and military strategy of "uniting millions of soldiers, winning the war and attacking it". His record is a spectacle in military history, and the battle of Jingxing is the essence of his war example.
In October of the third year of Emperor Gaozu (204 BC), Han Xin led more than 10,000 newly recruited Han troops across Taihang Mountain and eastward to attack Zhao, a vassal state of Xiang Yu. Zhao Wangxie and Zhao Jun, commander in chief, concentrated 200,000 troops in Jingxingkou (now Jingxingdong, Hebei Province) in Taihang Mountain area, occupying favorable terrain and preparing for a decisive battle with Han Xin. Jingxingkou is one of the eight passes of Taihang Mountain. There is a narrow post road about a hundred miles long in the west, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack, which is not conducive to the action of large troops. At that time, Zhao Jun held fast to the entrance of the city in advance, commanding, waiting for an opportunity, taking the initiative and having a strong force. On the other hand, Han Xin has only more than 10,000 people under his command, and he is a newly recruited pawn, marching thousands of miles, and his troops are exhausted, so he is in an unfavorable and passive position.
Li Zuoche, the counselor of the Zhao army, suggested that instead of fighting head-on, it is better to use some troops to go around the enemy's rear and cut off the route for providing food for the Han army, so that Han Xin "can't fight before, can't retreat after, and can't enter ... the wilderness will be plundered". Finally, he attacked from front to back and captured Han Xin alive in World War I. However, Chen Yu is a typical soldier who advocates frontal attack. He insisted on the dogma of "just men don't have to cheat, do their best", and thought that Korea was tired because of the small number of people and had to fight. He rejected Li Zuoche's suggestion and strictly followed the formula in Sun Tzu's Art of War, that is, "ten times the encirclement and twice the battle".
Han Xin foresight, know the disparity between the two sides. If we take a storm, we will be frustrated, so we decided to stay away from Jingxingkou and study the terrain and Zhao's deployment repeatedly. When Han Xin found that Li Zuoche's plan had not been adopted, and Zhao's coach Chen Yu had the feeling of underestimating his enemy and wanted to make a quick decision, he immediately led his troops into the camp 30 miles away from Jingxingkou. In the middle of the night, Han Xin chose two thousand Qingqi, each holding a red flag of the Han army, and made a dark detour from the mountain path to the flank and rear of Zhao's camp. When the camp was empty, he went into Zhao's camp, unplugged Zhao Junqi, and planted the Han flag. Later, Han Xin ordered the troops to eat. He said to the generals, "Eat less and have a full meal after Zhao's break in the morning." Distribution schools are skeptical about this and can only do as required. Han Xin immediately ordered the drums to beat, spread out the flag battle, and headed for Jingxingkou. He said: "Zhao's army has occupied the favorable terrain in front of me and built a base for it. I can't see the general's flag battle, lest they suspect that I am still in the rear army and refuse to launch an attack. "
When the Han army approached the mouth of Jingxing, Han Xin did not even whistle, and immediately ordered all the main forces to go out to the backwater array by the river. Zhao at the camp saw the back of the Han army from a distance, and no way back laughed at Han Xin's ignorance of the art of war. In a short time, it was already dawn, and the Han army camp raised a faint dust. Encouraged by the drums, a team of flag battles spread out, and Han Xin rode to the front with the crowd. Chen Yu saw that there were few Koreans and occupied favorable terrain. Then rate hussars swarmed out, trying to capture Han Xin alive. Han Xinling abandoned the flag and rushed into battle. Seeing this, Chen Yu immediately ordered the whole battalion to attack, which coincided with the Han array. The Han army has beaten no way back because of the river, and everyone is fighting bravely for the first place. The two sides fought hard for more than half a day, but Zhao Jun still failed to win. At this time, Zhao Daying was empty, and Han Xin's two thousand Qingqi rushed in. The red flag of the Han army was filled with Zhao Daying. In the fierce battle, Zhao suddenly found that the Manchu flag was inserted in the camp behind him, and the formation was suddenly chaotic. Han Xin took advantage of the situation to fight back, slaying 200,000 Zhao troops, slaying Chen Yu, commander-in-chief of Zhao troops, and taking Zhao Wangxie alive.
After the war, the officers and men of the Han army hosted a banquet to congratulate each other. They asked Han Xin one after another, "The general told us to stand behind the water, which is against the art of war. Why can you win? " Han Xin smiled and said, "Isn't that what Sun Tzu said in the Art of War? Kill it and live, kill it and live. If I give you a chance to live, can the foot soldiers fight to the death? " People realized the secret of winning at last, and greatly admired Han Xin.
In the Battle of Jingxing, Han Xin defeated Zhao's 200,000-strong army with more than 10,000 inferior troops. Indiana Jones joined forces with last stand and used troops flexibly, thus eliminating Zhao who was enfeoffed by Xiang Yu and writing a wonderful chapter in China's military history. Wang Ya, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, vividly described the battle of Jingxing in Joining the Army. Praise Han Xin's superb strategy and command art;
Ge Jia has been in the army for a long time, so it is difficult to know the situation.
Today, I worship Han Xin and intend to make peace with him.