The American-Canadian War was a part of the second American-British War after the American War of Independence. After independence, in order to expand its territory, the United States launched a war of aggression against Canada while Britain was caught in a war with Napoleon in Europe. In the end, with the joint efforts of indigenous soldiers, indigenous armed forces and some British troops, Canada defeated the US military and let the US military withdraw from Canada. So what is the background of the US-Canada war?
The background of the US-Canada War is that after the victory of the 1783 War of Independence, the United States was not satisfied with the territory at that time and planned to carry out the frontier expansion movement. 1803, it bought Louisiana from France for150,000 dollars, which doubled the territory of the United States. The United States was not satisfied with this, and Britain was shocked by the news, so it decided to crack down on and harass the maritime trade of the United States.
Although the United States succeeded in expanding its territory, it was suppressed by Britain politically and militarily. After the maritime trade was suppressed by Britain again, the United States was strongly dissatisfied with Britain. Britain also provided many weapons to Indian tribes fighting with the United States through Canada, which aggravated the contradiction between the two sides and the United States and Britain began to fight constantly. At that time, Britain suppressed the United States mainly in Canada, which made the United States decide to attack Canada.
However, Britain has a large number of troops in Canada, which makes the US military dare not act rashly. This is the background of the American-Canadian war. 1 865438+June 20021day, the United States officially declared war on Britain. Because Britain has to face Napoleon as an enemy in Europe, it doesn't have much energy to deal with the United States. The United States took the opportunity to attack Canada and started the US-Canada War.
American-Canadian war process
The American-Canadian War was part of the second war between the United States and Britain. When Britain fought Napoleon in Europe, the United States invaded Canada. The process of the American-Canadian war is very tortuous. In the end, with the cooperation of some British troops, the American army was defeated by Canadian indigenous soldiers and civilians.
The course of the US-Canada War was originally 18 12 June 1, and the United States officially declared war on Britain, thus starting the second US-UK War. The slogan of the United States to launch this war is to safeguard the freedom of navigation in the United States, but the real purpose of the United States is to occupy Canada controlled by Britain. At that time, the war between Britain and Napoleon in Europe was deadlocked, and it was difficult to separate energy from dealing with the United States. At that time, Britain had fewer than 20,000 troops in the United States and only 4,500 troops in Canada. The situation is very favorable to the United States.
Before the battle, the United States expanded its troops to 65,000, and Canada had 7,000 British troops, 654.38+0,000 militiamen and some Indians. The course of the US-Canada war was not as expected. On June 18 12, 10, 12, the British army defeated 3,000 American troops with only 1000 men, which led to many American troops fleeing before the exchange of fire, and the American army's attack was abandoned halfway because of the uncooperative militia. In 18 13, Britain began to send a lot of naval support to regain the right to control the sea.
18 13 years, the U.S. military attacked Detroit in three ways and drove the British troops out of Detroit. On June 5, it surpassed 1600 British troops, annihilated 500 British troops and captured more than 600 British troops. After that, 65438+3000 American soldiers attacked Montreal, Canada in two ways, but were defeated by an alliance of more than 2000 British and Indians and were driven out of Canada.
The Significance of the American-Canadian War
The US-Canada War was a war in which the United States invaded Canada when Britain was fighting Napoleon in Europe, and it was a part of the second US-British War. So what is the significance of the US-Canada war?
The war between the United States and Canada has different meanings for the United States and Canada. The US-Canada War is the only war in Canadian history that was invaded by the enemy. The war between the United States and Canada is related to Canada's life and death. The American-Canadian War prompted the two colonies of Canada, Britain and France, to unite against the same enemy, the United States.
The failure of the US military in the US-Canada War also completely shattered the US attempt to annex Canada by force. The greatest significance of the US-Canada War is that the right to amend the Canadian Constitution in the Canada Act has returned to Canada. Canada was originally a British colony in North America, and officially became a Canadian Federation after the US-Canada War in 1867, until 1982, when the British government handed over the right to amend the Canadian Constitution to Canada. This is an important significance of the US-Canada war.
Alan taylor, a professor and historian at the University of California, believes that the 18 12 American-Canadian War was not a boastful victory, let alone a thought-provoking defeat. This should be an anticlimactic draw for both sides. For Americans who like to mold the war into patriotism, the victory or defeat of the US-Canada war can be ignored, but the victory or defeat of the war depends on the outcome of the war, and the US military is finally defeated and driven out.
Both sides in the American-Canadian war felt that they had won the war. American troops gained territory, and Canada repelled American invaders. After the American-Canadian War, there was no more war between the United States and Canada.