1 Qiu Fu Uprising From December of the 13th year of Tang Dazhong (859) to June of the following year, a peasant uprising led by Qiu Fu took place in eastern Zhejiang, which started the peasant war to overthrow the Tang Dynasty (see "Peasant Uprising War at the End of Tang Dynasty"). In December 13th, Qiu Fu, a native of eastern Zhejiang, rallied and captured Xiangshan (now Zhejiang). In the first month of the following year, he repeatedly defeated the officers and men of Mingzhou City (now Ningbo) and advanced on Shan County (now Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province), with thousands of people. In February, Tang Jun in eastern Zhejiang suffered a crushing defeat in Sanxi (now southwest of Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province), killing three officers and men, and the people flocked to defect, increasing their strength to 30,000. Qiu Fu claims that the military and horses are well known all over the world, and Jianyuan Luoping (called the balance by casting and printing) gathers a lot of resources, buys good workers, treats equipment well, and makes a sound in the Central Plains. In March, the rebels divided their forces to attack Qu, Wu, Ming and Taiwan (now Quzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo and Linhai, Zhejiang), captured Tangxing and Shangyu (now Tiantai and Shangyu, Zhejiang), and then developed to the southeast coast. The officers and men in eastern Zhejiang suffered repeated battles and defeats. Before Tang Ting called an emergency meeting, Annan was appointed as an observer in East Zhejiang to lead the soldiers in repression. The rebel army reached Yuyao (now Zhejiang) in the north, killed Xiancheng and County Commandant, broke Cixi in the east, occupied Fenghua, arrived in Ninghai (now Zhejiang), killed the county magistrate and occupied it. In the face of the favorable situation of the vigorous development of the insurgents, Wei Liu's deputy commander-in-chief was not adopted. Put forward the correct strategy of quickly capturing Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), refusing to defend along Zhejiang (now Fuchun River and Qiantang River) and waiting for an opportunity to expand outward, but hesitated and missed the opportunity. In April, Wang Shi led the troops into the chariot, and then the soldiers were divided into east and south roads. Lien Chan, the rebel army, lost Ninghai City, and Chen Nanting, southwest of Ninghai, lost more than 10,000 people and fled northwest along the Huanghan Mausoleum in Tiantai Mountain. In June, the insurgents retreated to Tancheng. Wang Shi led loyal ministers to concentrate their forces on attacking the city, and did not hesitate to use the horses in Longpi Prison. With the help of Tubo and hundreds of Uighur riders, they fought 83 times in three days. And Liu? Being outnumbered, they were captured and beheaded. Liu Congjian, the general of the rebel army, led 500 troops to break through and was also defeated and killed in Dalan Mountain (now Yuyao South, Zhejiang Province). So far, the rebels in Qiu Fu have all failed. Qiu Fu led the rebel army against the Tang Dynasty, which was the prelude to the peasant uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the peasant war that overthrew the Tang Dynasty. 2 Pang Xun Uprising From July of the ninth year of Tang Xiantong (868) to October of the tenth year, the garrison in Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi) launched an anti-Tang peasant uprising. One year and two months before and after the Pang Xun Uprising was another large-scale peasant struggle after the Qiu Fu Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, and it was another heavy blow to the rule of the Tang Dynasty. He made active preparations for the successive uprisings in Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao (see Wang Xianzhi Uprising and Huang Chao Uprising). Historical comments: "The death of Huang Chao in the Tang Dynasty was blamed on Guilin" is a pertinent evaluation of the important position of Pang Xun Uprising in the history of peasant uprising and peasant war at the end of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of the Wang Xianzhi Uprising (874), Wang Xianzhi claimed to be "God-given General" and "Commander-in-Chief of all ethnic groups in China" and gathered people to revolt in Changyuan, Shandong Province. Rebels quickly occupied the county seat of Changyuan, and the next year they conquered Zhou Pu and Cao Zhou. People took part in the uprising in succession, and the number of troops grew to tens of thousands. In the third year of the uprising, the insurgents won a great victory in Ruzhou. Later, the Tang Dynasty courted Wang Xianzhi twice. For the first time, Huang Chao resolutely opposed it and cursed Xianzhi. "You and I * * * made a big oath and traveled all over the world. Now that you have taken the official position alone, where have the more than 5,000 people gone? "Huang Chao led two thousand troops north, at war with Wang Xianzhi. When Kenji turned to Yunzhou, Yang, the deputy governor of Tang Dynasty, lured him to surrender. County annals merchants negotiated with Chu to surrender, but they were hijacked halfway. Wei Song was greedy and lied about his victory. Shang and others were transferred to Chang 'an and killed. Xianzhi was furious and failed to defeat the enemy again. In the fifth year (878), Wang Xianzhi was killed in Huangmei. 4 Huang Chao Uprising. In the second year of Ganfu (875), Huang Chao responded to the Wang Xianzhi Uprising, and then revolted in Yinzhou (now southwest of Heze City, Shandong Province). Huang Chao Uprising Army escaped from reality, avoided the powerful buffer region of the Central Plains, marched south, crossed the Yangtze River, and moved to Jingxiang, southern Anhui, eastern Zhejiang and Fujian. In 879, Huang Chao's army captured Guangzhou, an important town in the south, and captured Li Tiao, our envoy, and took control of most of Lingnan. The Rebel Army announced that it would lead a large army into Chang 'an and overthrow the rule of the Tang Dynasty. In October, the rebel army went north from Guangzhou, crossed the Huaihe River in 880 AD and captured Luoyang. In the first year of Zhonghe (88 1), the rebel army entered Chang 'an, and General Zhang Zhifang of Jin Wu led a crowd to welcome Huang Chao's army into the city. 1 month 16, the founding ceremony was held in Hanyuan Temple, which established the Daqi regime and the Jianyuan "Golden Series". Tang Xizong, who fled to Sichuan, rallied the remnants from all over the country and fought back against the rebels. Huang Chao led the army to resist tenaciously. At the critical moment, General Zhu Wen defected to the Tang Dynasty, and the rebels suffered heavy losses, so they had to withdraw from Chang 'an and move to Mount Tai in Shandong. In June of the fourth year of Zhonghe (884), Huang Chao committed suicide by fighting with Tang general Shipu in the Tiger and Wolf Valley in Laiwu. Huang Chao, the son of Huang Hao, led the remnants to flee, which was known as the "rogue army" in history. When Zhao Zongtian attacked Hunan in his early years, he was nearly killed by local tyrant Deng in Xiangyin. At this point, the peasant war ended in the late Tang Dynasty. In the fourth year of neutralization in Tang Xizong, in autumn and July, Nuozong held a captive ceremony in Daxuan Building. Wuning sent Shipu to Huang Chao's head, and there were twenty or thirty concubines in Huang Chao. Xuanzong asked, "If you and Cao both honor their children and the world owes the country, what are thieves?"? "The woman above replied:" Crazy thieves are fierce and rebellious, and the country lost millions of people, affecting Bashu; Your Majesty can't blame a woman for refusing thieves today, so where did you put your officials and generals? "No longer ask in the world, all the people were slaughtered in the city. What are the characteristics of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty? 1 At the end of the Tang Dynasty, a large-scale peasant uprising took place, which lasted for 25 years. One of the characteristics of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty was the slogan of "equality". Equality means equal distribution of resources, including land and taxes. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, politics was corrupt, eunuchs were in power in the central government, local provinces were divided, and farmers were oppressed. Therefore, farmers urgently hope that the country's resources can be evenly distributed. The second feature of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty was the mobility of the peasant army. Huang Chao Uprising was a famous peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. Huang Chao set out for Shandong, went south to Anhui and Jiangxi, then south to Guangzhou, and finally returned to the Central Plains to conquer Chang 'an, during which he traveled to more than half of China. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the peasant uprising army was mobile because its strength was not strong enough to establish a stable base area. In the Tang Dynasty, there was no coordination among local provinces, which made the peasant army survive in the cracks between the provinces. The third feature of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty was to bring small businessmen and intellectuals into the peasant class. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the development of commodity economy led to the emergence of small businessmen, but they were blackmailed by bureaucrats, which made some small businessmen join the peasant army. Huang Chao was a small salt merchant before the uprising. The peasant uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty also had the same characteristics, that is, it was vigorous, but it was finally defeated. Land annexation and heavy taxes at the end of the Tang dynasty made farmers hate the Tang dynasty, so a peasant army could get many farmers' echoes when it first rose. The reason why the peasant army finally failed was that the local buffer towns in the Tang Dynasty represented the interests of the big landlords, and they would unite against the peasant army. Why did the peasant uprising break out at the end of Tang Dynasty? At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Yizong and Tang Xizong were both bad emperors, and with the constant war, the economy and politics declined.
Peasant Uprising and Peasant War in Late Tang Dynasty
The story is told from three aspects: the reason, process, characteristics and failure of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, and the significance of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. 1. Reasons for the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. (1) Serious land annexation in the late Tang Dynasty. The lecture should supplement the situation of land annexation and government expropriation at that time: at the end of the Tang Dynasty, a large amount of cultivated land was concentrated in the hands of big landlords, and more than half of the farmers in the country lost their land and were forced to flee. The rulers also made excuses for farmers to "fish with exhausted resources". The people have to pay taxes on salt, tea and house, even the crops are not ripe, and they have to pay "young crops money" first. (2) War has been a disaster for many years. /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, the struggle for power and interests between the provinces, and between the provinces and * * * has never stopped. (3) In the year of famine, people are still urged to pay rent tax, and their lives are miserable. Here can be added an example: in 873, the vast area from the east of Tongguan to the seaside suffered from drought, with only half of the wheat harvest and almost no autumn grain harvest. Many people are forced to eat bark in winter, and many people starve to death. The disaster is so serious that the government is still urging taxes. Farmers tear down houses and cut down trees, and wives sell children, which is not enough for tax collectors to eat and drink. "The world wailed on the road and fled to Shanze. Husband and wife do not live together, and father and son do not save each other. " The nursery rhyme "Golden Frog Strives for its Eyes, But Turns Cao Zhou (in Cao Xian County, Shandong Province)" circulating in the lower reaches of the Yellow River indicates the coming storm of peasant uprising. 2. Peasant Uprising in Late Tang Dynasty. It is expounded from four aspects: the course of the uprising, the characteristics of mobile operations, the reasons for failure and historical significance. (1) Wang Xianzhi rose up and called himself "God helps the general". (2) Huang Chao, known as the "general", practiced mobile warfare and established the state power of Qi in Chang 'an. When talking about the uprising, we should make full use of the wall chart "Schematic Diagram of the March Route of Huang Chao Uprising" for intuitive teaching. Conditional schools can make this map into a dynamic multimedia slide show, and use computers to show the operational routes of Huang Chao Uprising Army sweeping across more than half of China from north to south, highlighting the characteristics of its mobile operations. (3) The failure of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. Inspire students to think about the harm of sports warfare. Through the students' answers, it is concluded that the peasant army has not established a solid base. Then the teacher asked the students to look at the picture of "Wang Fujun's epitaph" in the book, pointing out that after Huang Chao established Daqi in Chang 'an, the peasant army did not pursue the victory, giving the rulers of the Tang Dynasty a breathing space and organizing forces to make a comeback. The rebels were forced to withdraw from Chang 'an. In 884, Huang Chao committed suicide after his defeat in Shantung. (4) The historical significance of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. Three points should be made clear to students: the scale and characteristics of the war; The main role of war; The improvement of the level of peasant war. (1) lasted for ten years and spread to more than half of China. This is a large-scale peasant war in the history of our country, and mobile warfare is its outstanding feature. (2) It disintegrated the rule of the Tang Dynasty (let students pay attention to disintegration rather than overthrow) and dealt a heavy blow to the feudal landlord class. ③ The level of anti-feudal struggle of peasant uprisings in the late Tang Dynasty was higher than that of previous peasant uprisings. It put forward the idea of equality for the first time, which reflected the revolutionary requirements of farmers' equal land and production. Why did the peasant uprising break out at the end of Tang Dynasty? 1. Reasons for the Peasant Uprising in the Late Tang Dynasty
1, political haze. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, eunuchs were authoritarian, towns were divided and politics was extremely dark. Official corruption is rampant, landlord annexation is prevalent, and the whole ruling class is decadent. 2. The tax is too high. In addition to the heavy two taxes (light money and high taxes), the rulers also used various pretexts to collect a large number of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees from the people. Farmers have gone bankrupt, and they are miserable. 3. The drought in Kanto was severe, and the people had no way to go because of the urging of the Tang Dynasty. What happened to the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty? At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were mainly three garrison uprisings in Guilin. At the end of the Tang dynasty, the emperor was dissolute, the buffer region rose, and the court struggled for power and profit for a long time. At the same time, eunuchs are authoritarian, political corruption, and the whole society is riddled with holes, making people miserable. In the 13th year of Dazhong (859), farmers led by Qiu Fu revolted in eastern Zhejiang, and in the 9th year of Xian Tong (868), Pang Xun led troops to make an insurrection in Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi), which was known as "Pang Xun's Rebellion". Although these two uprisings were quickly suppressed by the Tang Dynasty, they started a larger uprising. Song Qi's Book of the New Tang Dynasty summed up the lesson: "Tang died in Huang Chao, but it was Guilin!" The Second Qiu Fu Uprising From December of the 13th year of Tang Dynasty (859) to June of the following year, a peasant uprising led by Qiu Fu took place in eastern Zhejiang, which started the peasant war that overthrew the Tang Dynasty (see "Peasant Uprising War at the End of Tang Dynasty"). In December 13th, Qiu Fu, a native of eastern Zhejiang, rallied and captured Xiangshan (now Zhejiang). In the first month of the following year, he repeatedly defeated the officers and men of Mingzhou City (now Ningbo) and advanced on Shan County (now Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province), with thousands of people. In February, Tang Jun in eastern Zhejiang suffered a crushing defeat in Sanxi (now southwest of Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province), killing three officers and men, and the people flocked to defect, increasing their strength to 30,000. Qiu Fu claims that the military and horses are well known all over the world, and Jianyuan Luoping (called the balance by casting and printing) gathers a lot of resources, buys good workers, treats equipment well, and makes a sound in the Central Plains. In March, the rebels divided their forces to attack Qu, Wu, Ming and Taiwan (now Quzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo and Linhai, Zhejiang), captured Tangxing and Shangyu (now Tiantai and Shangyu, Zhejiang), and then developed to the southeast coast. The officers and men in eastern Zhejiang suffered repeated battles and defeats. Before Tang Ting called an emergency meeting, Annan was appointed as an observer in East Zhejiang to lead the soldiers in repression. The rebel army reached Yuyao (now Zhejiang) in the north, killed Xiancheng and County Commandant, broke Cixi in the east, occupied Fenghua, arrived in Ninghai (now Zhejiang), killed the county magistrate and occupied it. In the face of the favorable situation of the vigorous development of the insurgents, Wei Liu's deputy commander-in-chief was not adopted. Put forward the correct strategy of quickly capturing Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), refusing to defend along Zhejiang (now Fuchun River and Qiantang River) and waiting for an opportunity to expand outward, but hesitated and missed the opportunity. In April, Wang Shi led the troops into the chariot, and then the soldiers were divided into east and south roads. Lien Chan, the rebel army, lost Ninghai City, and Chen Nanting, southwest of Ninghai, lost more than 10,000 people and fled northwest along the Huanghan Mausoleum in Tiantai Mountain. In June, the insurgents retreated to Tancheng. Wang Shi led loyal ministers to concentrate their forces on attacking the city, and did not hesitate to use the horses in Longpi Prison. With the help of Tubo and hundreds of Uighur riders, they fought 83 times in three days. And Liu? Being outnumbered, they were captured and beheaded. Liu Congjian, the general of the rebel army, led 500 troops to break through and was also defeated and killed in Dalan Mountain (now Yuyao South, Zhejiang Province). So far, the rebels in Qiu Fu have all failed. Qiu Fu led the rebel army against the Tang Dynasty, which was the prelude to the peasant uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the peasant war that overthrew the Tang Dynasty. Finally, Wang Xianzhi Huang Chao uprising.
Why is there no uprising now? There were often uprisings in ancient times, such as the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty and the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising in the late Han Dynasty. If it is for the Ministry of Radio, Film and Culture, it will be soon.
Who was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty? Chao Huang
? ~ 884 Leader of the Peasant Rebel Army in the late Tang Dynasty. Cao Zhou is a native of Cao County (now northwest Shandong). Selling salt has been a profession for generations. Good at riding and shooting, like Ren Xia, eloquent, repeatedly cited Jinshi. In the second year of Tang Ganfu (875), Huang Ye and other eight brothers led a crowd to respond to the Wang Xianzhi Uprising and fought in the Central Plains. In three years, Wang Xianzhi was prevented from falling to the Tang Dynasty, and he came to fight independently. In five years, Wang Xianzhi died in battle, so he took the rest of the people and was promoted to king, with the title of General Soaring into the sky and Jianyuan Wang Ba. Then he led more than 100,000 troops, got rid of the siege of Tang Jun, crossed the Yangtze River in the south, moved to eastern Zhejiang, and drove 700 miles from Quzhou (now Quxian County, Zhejiang Province) to Fujian. For six years, I asked for the balance and our time in Guangzhou, but the court refused. Huang Chao rushed to Guangzhou and fell into it today. The army encountered an epidemic of diseases, and many people died. The general invited "returning to the north for a big event." Huang Chao then announced that he would enter the customs in the name of the commander-in-chief of the rebel army, accusing the eunuchs of the Tang Dynasty of usurping power, disorderly discipline, collusion among courtiers and eunuchs, bribery and brain drain; And declared that it was forbidden to secretariat colonial property, and the county magistrate ordered the family property to be stolen. In October, soldiers gathered in Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi), went north along Xiangshui, broke through Tang Jun and marched into Jiangling (now Jingsha, Hubei), with a population of 500,000. They planned to go to Xiangyang (now Xiangfan), take Luoyang in the north or enter the customs in the west. He was ambushed by Tang Jun in Jingmen (now Hubei) and was frustrated by underestimating his enemy. Huang Chao flatly abandoned Jiangling, led his troops eastward and joined Jiangnan 15 state, and the military situation resumed. In the first year of Guangming (880), after a great victory in Xinzhou (now northwest of Shangrao, Jiangxi), he led an army to successfully cross the Yangtze River and Huaihe River in the north, calling himself General Tianbu and occupying Luoyang. In December, he conquered Tongguan (now northeast of Tongguan, Shaanxi Province) and entered Chang 'an (now xi 'an). The rebels distributed the property to the poor and told the people in the city: "It's not like Li doesn't love Ru Cao, but that Ru Cao is in peace." Be welcomed by the people. Huang Chao immediately proclaimed himself, and his title was Daqi, and he changed to Jintong. At that time, the city where the insurgents were stationed was not stationed, nor did they send troops to pursue Tang Xizong; The scattered imperial army regrouped under Zheng Yi in our Yu Fengxiang era; The buffer areas that surrendered rebelled one after another. In April of two years, Chang 'an was captured by Tang Jun, and Huang Chao was at war with Tang Jun near Chang 'an. Although he won a small victory, he finally got into trouble because of the isolated city. In the second year of Zhonghe (882), the general Zhu Wen defected, and Tang led the Shatuo army to participate in the war. In three years, he was forced to leave Chang 'an, cross Lantian and move eastward. It took nearly 300 days to conquer Cai Zhou (now Runan, Henan) and surround Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang). In four years, Tang Jun concentrated his forces and suffered repeated wars and defeats. Xuan was defeated by Zhongmou (now Henan), the king of the North, and immediately led the army eastward, and all the scholars were defeated. Forced to the Wolf Tiger Valley (now southwest of Laiwu, Shandong Province), he committed suicide. Peasant Uprising (6) Previous article (1)