Depression is characterized by depression. During this period, at least the following four symptoms appeared and lasted for more than two weeks. Suggest seeing a doctor. 1. The degree of depression varies, from mild bad mood to sadness, pessimism and despair. The patient feels heavy, life is boring, he is unhappy, he is unhappy, he is miserable, and he can't dial himself. Some patients may also be anxious, excitable and nervous. 2. Losing interest is one of the common symptoms of patients with depression. Lost the enthusiasm and fun of life and work in the past, and lost interest in anything. I don't feel happy with my family, I don't care about my past hobbies, I often live alone, alienate my relatives and friends, and avoid socializing. Patients often complain of "no feelings", "emotional numbness" and "unhappy". Energy loss, fatigue, washing, dressing and other small things in life are all difficult and difficult. Patients often use "nervous breakdown" and "frustrated ball" to describe their illness. 4. Low self-evaluation: Patients tend to belittle their abilities too much and treat their present, past and future with a critical, negative and negative attitude. This is neither good nor right. They say they are useless and their future is dark. Strong sense of self-blame, guilt, uselessness, worthlessness and helplessness. In severe cases, the concepts of self-guilt and hypochondriasis may appear. 5. The patients are obviously, persistently and generally depressed, with difficulty in concentration, memory loss, dull brain, blocked thinking and slow action, but some patients show anxiety, tension and agitation. 6. negative pessimism: I feel very painful, pessimistic and desperate. I feel that life is a burden, and it is not worth nostalgia. Seeking liberation by death will produce strong suicidal thoughts and behaviors. 7. Physical or biological symptoms: patients with depression often have biological symptoms such as loss of appetite, weight loss, sleep disorder, sexual dysfunction, day and night mood swings, which are very common, but not every case: loss of appetite and weight loss: most patients have symptoms of loss of appetite, delicious food is no longer attractive, and patients do not think about tea, rice or tasteless food, which is often accompanied by weight loss. Sexual hypofunction: Sexual hyposexuality can occur in the early stage of the disease, and impotence can occur in men, while female patients lack sexual attraction. Sleep disorder: A typical sleep disorder is waking up early, 2-3 hours earlier than usual, and then falling into a sad atmosphere. Diurnal change: the patient's mood changes day and night. Fall into depression in the morning or morning, get better in the afternoon or evening, and be able to have a short conversation and eat. The incidence of diurnal variation is about 50%. After suffering from depression, trying four therapies can give people a feeling of relaxation and autonomy, which is conducive to overcoming the loneliness of depressed patients. However, exercise must have a certain intensity, duration and frequency in order to achieve the expected results. Take doing aerobics as an example, including running, skipping and fitness dancing. , at least three times a week, each lasting 15 to 20 minutes. Walking can also achieve the same effect as running. Experts advise patients to walk 1500m every day, and strive to walk within 15min. Then gradually increase the distance until you run 4500 meters in 45 minutes. When you start exercising, you must get the doctor's permission. Nutrition therapy Many doctors believe that vitamins and amino acids contained in food have an important influence on people's mental health. Some experts believe that paranoid people can also cause depression if they lack a single nutrient, so he suggests that people eat more foods rich in vitamin B, such as coarse grains and fish. He also asked patients to take a certain dose of vitamin B complex. He thinks these are vitamins that people are easy to lack. Psychotherapy patients with depression often look at the world and themselves with colored glasses. In order to change this misconception, Gary Emmer of the Los Angeles Psychiatric Center put forward the "three A methods", that is, understanding, answering and acting. Because the English letters of the three words all start with a, they are called. Understand: first admit that you are depressed; Secondly, we should pay attention to our emotional changes, whether there are abnormalities in words and deeds, and the differences between feelings, thinking and physical reactions. Answer: Learn to identify and record mistakes in time when they occur. Write down your wrong ideas first, and then write a more practical choice answer, in order to test your ideas in practice. After writing, ask yourself, "Can this be true?" Then ask yourself: "How to look at it from another angle?" Action: If you don't feel valued, you should adopt a new way. If you are uncomfortable at work, you should take a course to improve your skills or find a new job. Plan more activities to make your life regular. The research of communication therapy shows that people who are good at making friends are much happier in mental state than those who like to be alone. A mental health laboratory in the United States recently launched an activity with the slogan "Friends are good medicine". They think that social support can even make people live longer. As the saying goes, "heart disease still needs medical treatment", and most patients with depression have certain incentives (such as frustration and misfortune). ) Before getting sick, I was pessimistic in the process of depression and depression. Disappointed and lonely, helpless. Generally speaking, these conditions can be treated by psychotherapy-the so-called "heart medicine". Because according to foreign clinical research in recent 20 years, a considerable number of patients with depression can be cured or relieved by psychotherapy or various treatment methods (combined with drugs). For example, a large sample of follow-up study was conducted in the United States, and it was found that the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for outpatients with depression was similar to that of tricyclic antidepressants (propionic acid), with an effective rate of 60%-80%. Psychotherapy is more suitable for patients with depression. First of all, because it will not produce physiological side effects like drug therapy and electroconvulsive therapy, it is more suitable for those patients who have obvious side effects of drugs or are afraid of electroconvulsive therapy. Secondly, about 10%-30% of refractory patients, that is, depression with no curative effect, can achieve the effect with psychotherapy. Third. Drugs can treat depressive symptoms, but a considerable number of patients will still relapse or suffer from depression in their future lives after stopping taking drugs. Psychotherapy can teach patients how to face and adapt to setbacks, adjust their psychological balance, which is called "learning from a painful experience" and improve their psychological and social adaptability. In addition, the curative effect of drug and electroconvulsive therapy appears within 4 ~ 6 weeks, while the curative effect of psychotherapy appears after 6 ~ 8 weeks, that is, its curative effect appears slowly, but its curative effect is stable. Don't give up psychotherapy just because it doesn't work for 2-4 weeks. Different psychotherapy methods can be chosen according to different depression manifestations and clinicians' professional knowledge. This is like the treatment of ulcers, which can be treated by western medicine, Chinese medicine or surgery. If the patient has been depressed and unhappy, like Lin Daiyu's depressed personality described in A Dream of Red Mansions, support, comfort or psychological motivation therapy can be used to focus on eliminating inferiority complex. Improve self-confidence. If the patient is withdrawn, does not get along well with leaders and colleagues, is withdrawn and isolated from society, social skills training and interpersonal relationship guidance can be taken to help him learn how to talk and communicate with others. At the same time, he realized that people are social, can't live in isolation from society, and have to deal with people every day, which improves patients' social adaptability and communication skills. If the patient is depressed, pessimistic and desperate because of marital conflict and family breakdown, we can consider taking husband and wife guidance, family relationship consultation and coordination, sexual psychology and other ways to solve the marital and family problems, so as to alleviate the symptoms of depression. Table 2 lists the indications of some commonly used psychotherapy methods for different depressive symptoms. Of course, psychotherapy is not everything. For some patients with severe depression, drug therapy or electroconvulsive therapy should be given first, and then combined psychotherapy should be considered. In addition, it should be noted that psychotherapy does not exclude the application of other treatment methods, especially drug treatment. If combined with medication, it will often have a multiplier effect on patients with depression.