Citrus planting technology: the planting hole is 80cm long, 80cm wide and 80cm deep. Before planting, 20-30 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and core soil are mixed and filled in the hole bottom 1 month, and the top soil is filled into a mound with a height of 20Cm. After the soil layer settles, plant it, transplant it with soil, and water the roots after planting. The planting depth is the same as the nursery.
Fertilizer and water management of soil in orange orchard
Young trees (1) turn deep and swell in autumn and winter, which makes the soil mature. Starting from drip line in the periphery of the crown, it will expand outward year by year, dig a fertilization ditch with a depth of 0.4m and a width of 0.5m, fill in organic fertilizers such as green manure, straw or decomposed farm manure, cake manure and manure, and cover the soil. (2) Intercropping or planting grass. Shallow-rooted and dwarf leguminous plants are dominant, and there are no pests and diseases and green oranges. If there is no intercropping, you can not plant grass, cut grass in time to cover the tree tray or use herbicides to weed. (3) covering and ridging. In the dry season, trees are covered with grass. The thickness is 10 ~ 15 cm, and the covering should not contact with the trunk. In winter, the soil can be cultivated with pond mud, river mud, sandy soil or fertile soil near citrus orchards, with a thickness of 8 ~ 10 cm. (4) intertillage weeding. Keep the tree tray free of weeds, and the orchard free of tall grass and vicious grass. The soil under the crown is cultivated several times a year, and herbicides can also be used to weed between plants.
The result is tree depth inversion expansion, and if reaming is not completed before the result, it will continue to be completed. Intercropping area decreases year by year with the increase of crown, and finally only management street is left. Covering soil, ridging and intertillage weeding are the same as young trees.
Irrigation should be done in time in case of drought during the germination, flowering and fruit expansion of spring shoots. Drain water through ditches in time in rainy season or when there is water in the orchard.
Fertilization: It is advocated to apply more organic fertilizers, rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formulate fertilizers for leaf nutrition diagnosis. Restrict the use of chlorine-containing fertilizers (the annual application amount of potassium chloride for trees should not exceed 250g ~ 500g/ plant).
Soil fertilization can be carried out by methods such as ring furrow, strip furrow, soil surface spreading, etc., and furrow fertilization can be carried out on the opposite sides of the crown drip line. Foliar topdressing: according to different growth and development stages and nutritional diagnosis, what is lacking should be supplemented. It should be used at the lower limit of concentration range in high temperature and drought, and foliar topdressing should be stopped 20 days before fruit harvesting.
Fertilization of young trees is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, a small number of times. Fertilize the shoots 6 ~ 8 times in spring, summer and autumn, and topdressing them in bud stage and mature stage respectively. Before the terminal buds are cut into green buds, topdressing is added to the outside of the roots. 1 ~ 3-year-old single plant is applied with pure nitrogen of 200 ~ 400 g per year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: (0.3 ~ 0.4): 0.6. Fertilization amount should be increased year by year, from less to more.
Results Fertilization amount of trees (1): pure nitrogen 0.6 ~ 0.8 kg, yield 100kg, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium1:(0.4 ~ 0.5): (0.8 ~10). According to the nutritional diagnosis, the trace element fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaf surface at the concentration of 0. 1% ~ 0.3% on the principle of supplementing its deficiency. (2) Fertilization time and technology: after fruit picking, apply sufficient organic fertilizer (base fertilizer), with annual nitrogen application rate of 40%-50%, phosphorus application rate of 20%-25% and potassium application rate of 30%; Before flowering, nitrogen and phosphorus were dominant, and the annual nitrogen application rate was 20%, phosphorus application rate was 40% ~ 45%, and potassium application rate was 20%. Fertilizers for stable (strong) fruits are mainly nitrogen and potassium, with phosphate fertilizer. The annual nitrogen application rate accounts for 30% ~ 40%, phosphorus application rate accounts for 35%, and potassium application rate accounts for 50%.
Shaping and pruning: according to local conditions, shaping trees to achieve the purpose of ventilation, light transmission, three-dimensional effect, labor saving and efficiency improvement. Adopt umbrella or tower tree. After the grafted seedlings are cut at a height of 50 ~ 60 cm, they naturally branch at a position above 30 ~ 40 cm from the ground, leaving 4 ~ 5 main branches evenly distributed and thinning out too many main branches.