Who created the 16-character formula of guerrilla tactics of the Red Army: "When the enemy advances, we retreat; Enemies stationed in our country disturb us; The enemy is tired and I fight; There are three different views in the field of history: one is specifically summarized by Zhu De; The second is the experience of collective creation; Thirdly, it was formed and put forward by Mao Zedong in his combat practice.

This was put forward by Mao Zedong in combat practice.

After leading the autumn harvest uprising troops on the Hunan-Jiangxi border to Jinggangshan, he reformed the "circle tactics" of the leader of Jinggangshan Greenwood (Zhu Deaf) against the loyalist. 1928 65438+ 10, Mao Zedong led the troops to conquer suichuan county and held a joint meeting of Suichuan and Wan 'an county committees in suichuan county. At the meeting, Mao Zedong put forward the "twelve-character formula" of "the enemy advances and I retreat, the enemy is stationed in us, and the enemy retreats and I chase". Chen Zhengren, then secretary of the Suichuan County Party Committee, later recalled in the article "Great Practice of Comrade in Establishing Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base": "I heard Chairman Mao's 16-character guerrilla warfare policy in Suichuan (namely 1928 65438+ 10), especially in the first half of this year." Xu Daquan, member of Wan 'an County Committee and secretary-general of the county Soviet, who attended the meeting that year, also recalled: "At the beginning of the first month of Guli 1928, Chairman Mao held a joint meeting on peasant riots in southwest Jiangxi, with Zhang, Guo Dingyuan and others attending. After the meeting, a meeting was held in Shawo, Luotang (name forgotten) to discuss Chairman Mao's instructions in Suichuan: 1, the secret recipe of twelve characters. ..... "Zeng Huaying, a member of Wan 'an County Committee who attended the meeting that year, also recalled:" Chairman Mao taught us how to deal with the enemy at the Suichuan joint meeting, depending on the number of the enemy and knowing the enemy's situation. If we win, we will fight. If we don't win, we will leave. When the enemy comes, we will retreat. When the enemy comes, we will chase. "

Zhu and Mao joined forces in Jinggangshan and developed the "twelve-character tactic" into "sixteen-character tactic" through the practice of guerrilla warfare. 1On April 5th, 929, Mao Zedong drafted a letter from the Front Committee to the Central Committee in Ruijin, which said: "The tactics we gained in the three-year struggle are really different from those in ancient and modern China and foreign countries. With our tactics, the mobilization of mass struggle is more extensive day by day, and any powerful enemy is helpless. Our tactics are guerrilla tactics. The main points are:' divide the troops and mobilize the masses, concentrate on dealing with the enemy',' the enemy advances and retreats, the enemy garrisons and disturbs us, the enemy is tired and we fight, and the enemy retreats and pursues us',' the separatist regime in fixed areas, the policy of marching in waves, stalking the enemy and using circles' and' a very short time and a good method to mobilize a large number of people'. This tactic is like weaving a net, which should be opened and closed at any time. Opening is to win over the masses, and closing is to deal with the enemy. This tactic has been used for three years. " This letter completely recorded the "16-character formula" for the first time, and it was also the first time that the "16-character formula" appeared in historical documents. 1930 65438+In February, the Red Army held a mobilization meeting in Xiaobu. Before the meeting, Mao Zedong personally wrote a couplet: "The enemy advances and retreats, the enemy bothers me and is tired, I fight, the enemy retreats and I chase, and guerrilla warfare has a good chance of winning;" Advance and retreat to a certain extent, lure the enemy deeper, concentrate our forces, break them one by one, and destroy the enemy with mobile warfare. "

Which of the above three statements is the most reasonable? The most important leaders of the Party and the Red Army, especially Zhu De, Chen Yi and Peng, should take part in the Jinggangshan struggle. They all think that the "16-character formula" is summed up. 1June, 962, Zhu De said in the article "From Nanchang Uprising to Jinggangshan": "Guerrilla tactics and even the whole strategic problem have been systematically and perfectly solved by Chairman Mao." 1937, Peng said in the article "How to Fight the Eighth Route Army": "Comrades once invented a famous 16-character guerrilla tactical principle, that is,' when the enemy advances, I retreat, when the enemy is stationed, I disturb, when the enemy is tired, I fight, and when the enemy retreats, I chase'." 1939 Chen Yi said in the article "On Guerrilla War" that the tactical characteristics of guerrilla warfare in the Red Army are included in Mao Zedong's 16-character formula of "When the enemy advances, I retreat; when the enemy is stationed, I disturb; when the enemy is tired, I fight; when the enemy retreats, I chase", which can also be included in Huang Gonglue's two tactical slogans of "Breaking the whole into parts". There are old comrades such as Xiao Ke and He Changgong who participated in the Jinggangshan struggle that year. They also believe that the "sixteen-character formula" was put forward and summarized by Mao Zedong in Jinggangshan period.

Zhu De further elaborated on this.

1April, 928, Zhu De led the troops to Jinggangshan, just in time for the enemy's "suppression" in Jiangxi. In May, Zhu De successively won battles in Wudou River, Gaolong, Caoshifen and Long Yuan Kou. In these battles, Zhu De used some surprise battles and some ambush battles. In fact, it is the tactic of "the enemy advances and I retreat, the enemy is stationed and disturbed, the enemy is tired and I fight, and the enemy retreats and I chase". 1944, Zhu De said in "Speech at the Symposium on the Compilation of the History of the Red Army Corps": "In the past, since the Revolution of 1911 in 19 1 1, we fought with Beiyang warlords in Sichuan and Yunnan for ten years, always winning with less. I remember when I was studying military affairs in Moscow, the instructor tested me and asked me how to fight when I returned home. I replied that the tactics were' fight if you win, leave if you don't win' and' drag the team up the mountain if necessary', and I was criticized at that time. In fact, this is guerrilla thought. So, at this point, I played a leading role. " In "Red Star over China", Zhu De once said: "The tactics I used to attack the enemy and achieve great victory were mobile guerrilla tactics gained from my experience in fighting barbarians and gangsters when I was stationed on the Sino-French border." In the Biography of General Zhu De, Liu said: "Comrade Zhu De is the inventor and executor." Agnes smedley, an American woman writer, said in The Great Road: "Zhu De summarized military tactics as follows: (1) The enemy advanced and we retreated; (2) The enemies stationed in our country disturb us; (3) The enemy is exhausted and I fight; (4) The enemy retreats and I chase. " According to Gong Chu, then the representative of the Second Regiment, Mao Zedong said in a strategic report at a meeting that Zhu De put forward the following guerrilla tactics: 1. When the enemy advances, we retreat: ... save your strength and wait for the attack. Second, the enemy retreats and we advance: ..... demoralize them, and accumulate small victories into great victories. The presence of the enemy in our country makes us uneasy: ... exhaust the enemy and create a favorable situation for us. When the enemy is exhausted, we will fight: ... We should concentrate our forces and take the initiative to destroy the enemy.