What is the most important traditional festival of Yi people? Torch Festival is the biggest traditional festival of Yi people.
Torch Festival is a grand traditional festival of Yi, Bai, Wa, Lahu, Naxi and Jinuo nationalities, which is widely spread in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. It is usually held on June 24 or 25 of the lunar calendar and lasts for 3 days.
On the morning of the festival, people wear national costumes. Men have a conical "hero knot" on their foreheads, women wrap their heads with cloth or towels, and both men and women are covered with blankets. At night, every family lights a torch and shines it in the corner of the field to exorcise evil spirits. During the festival, there will be bullfighting, sheep shooting, horse racing, archery, wrestling, tug-of-war, swinging, singing and dancing, among which "throwing fire" is the most distinctive and interesting. In the Yi area, people hold a burning torch in their left hand, and their pockets or satchels are filled with flammable incense ashes. When the torch approached each other, they grabbed a handful of incense ashes sprinkled with rosin powder with their right hands and suddenly sprinkled them on the torch, producing dazzling flames in front of or behind each other's feet. When the other party was surprised to see the flame disappear like lightning, the fire thrower ran away with a smile. The other side also chased the man with a torch in order to repay his enthusiasm with the same flame.
What are the traditional festivals of the Yi people-New Year's Day and various activities during the festival, which show the traditional folk customs of a nation. Yi people have many traditional national festivals, such as Torch Festival, Yi calendar year, Mizhi Festival and Flower Arrangement Festival. According to its traditional social functions, it can be divided into five categories: sacrificial festivals, festivals, commemorative festivals, social festivals and agricultural festivals. Sacrificial festivals mainly include Torch Festival, Mizhi Festival, Gonggong Festival (Gonggong Festival), Dragon Boat Festival and Torch Festival. Among them, Torch Festival is the most popular. The annual festivals mainly include the Yi calendar year of Liangshan Yi people and the "February 8" of the Yi people in Ailao Mountain area of Yunnan Province. Memorial festivals mainly include the Yi Flower Arrangement Festival in Chuxiong, Yunnan. Social festivals mainly include Yunnan Dayao Yi People's Clothing Festival and Chuxiong Mouding Yi People's March Meeting. Agricultural festivals, such as the sheep shearing festival and buckwheat festival in the middle of June in Liangshan and Liang Xiao Yi people's lunar calendar. Torch Festival:
Torch Festival is a traditional festival of Yi people, which includes folk customs such as offering sacrifices to gods, fields, praying for a bumper harvest and offering sacrifices to evil spirits. The Yi people in Sichuan and Yunnan are generally held around June 24 of the lunar calendar, while the Yi people in Guizhou are mostly held around June 6 of the lunar calendar. During the festival, chickens are killed before dinner and a lighting ceremony is held after dinner. Each family made torches from pine, fine bamboo and wormwood stalks, illuminating every corner of the room from the roof, saying, "Burn all the unlucky sources, the whole family will be safe, the grain will be abundant, and the six animals will flourish, ministers!" After the torch circled the house, it joined the torch team in the village. After the fire, we held a bonfire party and danced and sang all night. Torch Festival generally lasts for three days, and cultural activities such as dancing, horse racing, bullfighting and wrestling will be held during the festival. During the Torch Festival in Yongren, Yunnan Province, a giant torch with a height of about seven or eight meters was erected in front of each house and burned for three nights, in order to make the six animals prosperous and the people healthy. When the Yi people in Guizhou celebrate the Torch Festival, the most distinctive song is the competition song, which is a good opportunity for young men and women to communicate and choose their spouses. During the Torch Festival, the Yi people in Guangxi killed cattle to sacrifice to the mountain gods, and then held horse racing, bullfighting, wrestling, kicking shuttlecock and other recreational activities. Secret details:
Mizhi Festival is a festival for the Yi people to pray for a bumper harvest in the western hills of Maitreya, Yunnan, Guishan and Weishan in Shilin area. It is usually held in the winter of the lunar calendar. At that time, each family donated money to buy sheep for slaughter, and went to the forest to worship Mizhi God in order to bless the harvest of crops. After the sacrifice, the whole village went up the mountain to catch sparrows for a day, and young men and women often took this opportunity to fall in love. Palace Festival (Palace Dance Festival):
Gongtiao Festival is a traditional festival in Napo area of Longlin, Guangxi and Yi area in eastern Yunnan. It is held in April and May of the lunar calendar every year. Dragon Boat Festival-? ：
Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival popular among Yi people in Shiping, Yuanyang, Weishan and other places in Yunnan. It is held two or three times a year. The first time is the Dragon Day in February of the lunar calendar, and the second time is held before the autumn harvest. Dragon Boat Festival is the first grand event every year. Yi calendar year:
The Yi calendar year is generally in the middle and late October of the lunar calendar after the autumn harvest. Different regions and villages choose different festival dates. Generally speaking, this festival lasts for three days. On the first day, in the early morning, we lit a fire at home to welcome our ancestors and worship them, which was called "Kushi". Then, the villages kill pigs, bake buckwheat cakes and send wine and meat to their parents' homes. The next day is called "Dobo". The children took cooked food to a nearby fruit tree for dinner. Middle-aged men go out to pay New Year greetings in droves. Middle-aged and elderly women stay at home to entertain guests. Young men and women get together to sing and dance, or engage in horse racing, swinging, wrestling and other recreational activities. On the third day, it was called "Afama Ji Bo", which means to send away the ancestors. In the early morning, people hold ancestor worship ceremonies to pray for ancestors to bless their children and grandchildren. Then, hold traditional entertainment activities, such as horse racing, wrestling, autumn grinding, and jumping in pots and pans. February 8:
February 8, the eighth day of the second lunar month, is a festival for the Yi people in Ailaoshan District of Yunnan Province to celebrate the harvest of the old year. On New Year's Day, the whole family get together and have a big dinner. Then, young people and old people take each other and visit relatives and friends. In the evening, young men and women held a grand "singing" activity on the open-air dam in the village. Young Yi men in mountainous areas will also swing vines and fly over deep streams during festivals, and girls will choose their lovers during the viewing period. Flower arranging festival:
The Flower Arrangement Festival is a popular traditional festival among the Yi people in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, and is held every year on the eighth day of the second lunar month. On holidays, people collect red flowers such as azaleas and camellias, weave them into garlands and hang them on doors, and insert them in the corners of doors, houses, stables, cattle and farm tools to wish happiness and well-being, prosperity of six livestock and abundant crops. If flowers are inserted into the old man's head handkerchief, it means wishing the old man a long and healthy life; Insert flowers in the newly married couple's hair bun, clothes and reeds ... >>
What festivals are there for Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan? Torch Festival is the most common and grand traditional festival in Yi area, which is usually held on June 24th or 25th in the summer calendar every year, and also on June 6th in Yi area of Guizhou. Different regions have different legends about the origin of this ancient festival. A common legend is that Piluoge, the Nanzhao king in the Tang Dynasty, wanted to annex the other five imperial edicts. In the name of ancestor worship on June 24 in the summer calendar, he called the owner of the imperial edict to worship his ancestors, built the Song Ming Pagoda in advance, and plotted to kill it. The wife advised her husband not to go and refused to listen, so she had to wear a gold bracelet on his arm. The imperial edict at that time was really burned by Pelog. When Mrs. Wu Imperial edict came to collect the body, she only buried Mrs. Charity, because her husband's bones were identified only by the bracelet. Later, Pirog forced her to marry a charity, and she committed suicide by guarding the city because she ate everything. It is said that on June 24, the charity lady lit the torch of pine branches and went home according to the soul of her dead husband; It is also said that Mrs. Chariti and Pirog fought. She called on the people to tie countless torches to the horns of the horns of the horns and drive the sheep around. The torches burned all over the mountain, which scared the Nanzhao soldiers out of their wits and eventually failed because they were outnumbered. Since then, in order to commemorate this tragic historical event, Song Ming will be lit on June 24th every year. But in Liangshan, Sichuan, there is another legend. In ancient times, there was a Hercules named Sjelabi. He heard that there was a strongman named Attila Ba, so he went to earth to wrestle with Attila Ba. Sjerabi failed as a result. After calling back to the gods, the gods sent pests to the earth to destroy crops. On June 24th, Attila called on people to light the Song Ming to repel insects, and defeated the gods. These legends and myths reflect the rebellious spirit of Yi ancestors who dared to fight without fear.
Due to the widespread distribution of Yi people, the ceremonies and contents of Torch Festival vary from place to place. In Liangshan, Sichuan, at that time, men, women and children will wear festive costumes, play with livestock sacrifices and present spiritual cards. At night, they will hold torches around houses and fields in villages to eliminate disasters and pray. Then, get together and light a bonfire. The old man teaches everyone to prevent livestock from trampling on crops when grazing. After drinking, young men and women were ecstatic, singing and dancing in order to wish people and animals a safe and fruitful harvest. In Weishan, Yunnan, every household will erect a small torch at the door, and every village will also erect a big fire in the square. At night, the torches will burn brightly, hold banquets for horse racing, and scatter torches with turpentine, giving off dazzling sparks. Electricity means disaster relief and blessing. On Guishan Mountain and Maitreya Mountain in southern Shandong, both men and women of Yi people put on costumes on the festival day. Dance and sing heartily, and light torches for wrestling and bullfighting. In Wuding and Luquan, Yunnan, people will hold horse racing, swinging, archery and other activities on this day, and put torches on the ridge of the field, and young men and women will sing and dance. On the night of the festival, every family of the Yi people in Guizhou lit torches. Some people hold torches around the village and go to the fields to carry out symbolic insect repellent activities.
In addition to the same-sex torch festival, there are also some regional traditional festivals in various places, such as Liangshan Mountain in Sichuan and Yunnan, the annual festivals in some Yi areas in northeast Yunnan and Guizhou, the "Festival of worshipping the Lord" of the Yi people in Dali, Yunnan, and the "Secret Festival" of Guishan Mountain and Maitreya Mountain in southern Shandong, etc.
According to legend, Yi people have ten months in a year in history, so the traditional Spring Festival date is different from that of Han people. Later, due to the influence of the Han nationality, most Yi people celebrated the Spring Festival in the first month of the summer calendar, and only in Liangshan, Sichuan and Yunnan, northeastern Yunnan and some Yi areas in Guizhou, traditional Chinese New Year festivals were retained. Liangshan is called "Yi Year", while Northeast Yunnan and Guizhou are called "Winter Moon Year". Before 1950, there was no fixed date for Liangshan Yi people's year, and it was not uniform in different places. Generally speaking, the village is the unit. In the second half of the autumn harvest, Bimo, a wizard, chooses an auspicious day. If there was a good harvest last year, this day will continue to be an auspicious day, otherwise Bimo will take another day. During the Chinese New Year, families in Liangshan usually play the spirit card of livestock sacrifice, in order to have a good weather and a good harvest, and people dress up for dinner. The households with the grades of Qunuo and Aga must send half a pig's head to the host at that time to show their closeness, even if the host lives far away, they cannot be exempted. In some areas of northeast Yunnan and Guizhou, Yi people still have the habit of "having a small year" in June of the summer calendar.
The "Mizhi Festival" of the Yi people is held on December 10th in the summer calendar in Guishan and Maitreya Mountain in southern Yunnan. "Mizhi" is a sacred tree worshipped by people in a dense forest in a local village. At the same time, the men in each village killed sheep and went to the forest to sacrifice, and the wizards recited scriptures and prayed for a bumper harvest. People also go up the mountain to catch birds, and young men and women hold various recreational activities. In addition, Liang Ziyi, a little black lover in Chuxiong, Yunnan ...
What are the important festivals of the Yi people? Yi people: Wrestling Torch Festival is the most solemn festival.
The Yi nationality * * * has a population of more than 6.57 million (1990), which is a large and widely distributed nationality. They live in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. The Yi people in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan call themselves Sunuo, the Yi people in Honghe of Yunnan call themselves Luoluo, and the Yi people in Guishan and Maitreya mostly call themselves Sani and Axi.
Yi nationality is an ancient nation. According to textual research, the Yi people have a close relationship with the ancient inhabitants of Bianqiang, which is considered to be a nation formed by the long-term integration of the ancient Qiang people in the south and the indigenous people in the southwest.
Yi people have their own spoken and written languages, which are divided into 6 dialect areas, 4 sub-dialect areas, 2 1 dialect area and 22 sub-dialect areas.
Although there are great differences between dialects, dialects and sub-dialects, there are similarities in grammatical structure, basic vocabulary and pronunciation, and there is no greater obstacle to the communication between young people of this nationality.
In addition, most Yi people have traditional bilingual language habits (such as Yi Han, Yi Bai, Yi Hani ...) and many languages since ancient times. This huge and complicated minority language situation constitutes an extremely wonderful and special Yi language family.
Yi people have their own language, and the ancient Yi languages in history books are called Tam, Kewen, Literature and Art, and Bimo.
1975, Sichuan yi language standardization pilot scheme was formulated, and 8 19 standardized characters were determined.
Torch Festival
Traditional sports of Yi nationality
Wrestling: Wrestling is the most important and common sport among all traditional sports of Yi people. Especially in Torch Festival, Spring Festival and New Year's Eve, wrestling is an essential content.
In the past, the Maitreya and Lunan areas in eastern Yunnan were the golden season for offering sacrifices to "Mizhi God" (the legendary god in charge of livestock) for wrestling.
On the day of the sacrifice, Bimo (the host dedicated to offering sacrifices) and the elders in the village led the procession. People followed them with long poles carrying red cloth for "hanging red", walked around the field for a week, then burned incense to worship, and finally young people danced around hanging red to worship God.
It was not until after the ceremony that wrestling, lion dancing and bullfighting began.
The referee made a short ceremony before the wrestling match. After the ceremony, the players took off their jerseys, put on shorts and squatted on the sidelines, meaning to ask the referee to start the game.
The referee stepped forward enthusiastically, lifted the players up, circled the field and shouted in Yi language, "Braves, come on!"! Don't miss this great opportunity ... "
After that, one by one, the contestants appeared one after another.
According to his own experience and eyesight, the referee judges the weight and age of the players, leads the opponents into the arena, and then a fierce wrestling match begins. Depending on the number of participants, several or even dozens of matches can be held at the same time on the wrestling field.
Easy wrestling has no heavyweight and no time limit. Generally the most advanced players are young novices. After the game, the losing side left voluntarily, and the winning side stayed to fight again.
The basic way of Yi wrestling is from standing to kneeling. The main actions are grabbing the opponent's belt, one-legged hug, over the back, arm flip, leg piercing and so on. In the process of wrestling, the opponent's shoulder touches the ground to win.
This rule is very similar to international freestyle wrestling. Players with a little training can take part in international competitions.
Wrestling is usually three sets, the one who wins two sets is the winner, and both sides fall to the ground together for a draw. If all three games are tied, no matter what the result, both sides will be regarded as a draw. Those who beat more than two opponents in a row will win prizes.
Yi wrestling has trained many talents for the country, many of whom have won many awards in various competitions at home and abroad.
Long, a Yi wrestler known as "Yunnan Leg Holding", defeated many famous wrestlers with his unique leg holding technique and won the national champion of 73kg freestyle wrestling.
Bow shooting: Bow is an ancient and indispensable self-defense weapon and hunting tool in the life of Yi people. The crossbow is shaped like a bow and made of hard rock mulberry or pear trees. Shooting with a crossbow is like shooting with a horizontal bow. As long as you pull the trigger, the arrow will fly out along the arrow slot in the crossbow bed, with a long range.
Because most Yi people live in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, there are often wild animals in the forest, so men never leave home. Shooting as a sport, in traditional festivals, mostly determines who can shoot far and accurately.
Firerope: It is widely spread among Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan, and is held on festivals or festive days. It is a unique mass sports activity of Yi people.
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What festivals do Yi people have in southwest China? Torch Festival: The biggest festival of the Yi people is Torch Festival, which is held every year on June 24th of the lunar calendar. There are many legends about the Torch Festival, one of which is this: In ancient times, in the war with foreign nationalities, the Yi people tied torches to their horns, drove sheep behind enemy lines and defeated the invading enemies. Since then, people have celebrated the Torch Festival to commemorate and celebrate the victory of the war. During the Torch Festival, the Yi people will hold wrestling, bullfighting and singing and dancing activities. Every village and village will light torches at night, and people will hold torches and sprinkle rosin on them to bless each other. Flower Arrangement Festival: The eighth day of the second lunar month is the Yi Flower Arrangement Festival every year. There is a touching legend about this festival: It is said that a long time ago, a cruel and dissolute local official in Tanhua, Chuxiong, built a "fairy garden" to deceive Yi people that fairies were knitting and embroidering. Forced the village to send the most beautiful girl to the "Fairy Garden" for local officials to have sex, forcing many Yi sisters to die. There is a beautiful girl who has a crush on Mi Yi. In order to save the Yi sisters, on the eighth day of the second lunar month, she broke into the "Fairy Garden" alone, picked the poisonous white horse cherry blossoms on her head, soaked them in wine, drank them with local officials, poisoned them, and sacrificed herself. In order to commemorate this heroic girl, people set the eighth day of the second lunar month as the flower arranging festival, which is so big that people pick it. Young men and women put on holiday clothes and get together, singing and dancing. Young men and women who love each other, such as a person wearing azaleas on each other's heads, show their undying love for each other. Clothing Festival: The clothing festival of the Yi people in Dayao, Wei Chu, also known as the clothing festival, is held on March 28th of the lunar calendar every year. The legend is to commemorate a Yi girl named Mi Bolong. She gave her life to get rid of the bully and became a beautiful bird after her death. During the festival, local Yi girls wore several sets of flowered clothes and gathered on the dance floor in Santai District, forming a circle and dancing arm in arm with the accompaniment of young people Qin Yue and Suona. Dance for a while, quit the dance floor, put on a new suit, and dance again to test the girl's dexterity, wealth and beauty. Yi women not only embroider hats, clothes and waists, but also embroider various patterns on shoulder bags and insoles. And everyone's craft, composition and color are different, each with its own merits. Wind and rain, thunder and lightning, stars day and night, mountains and rivers, wood, stones, flowers, birds and animals, all kinds of figures can be embroidered. Tiger Festival: Yi people in Shuangbai County, who live in wheat fields, celebrate the Tiger Festival from the eighth day of the first lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, which is called "Rome" in Yi language. On that day, after the adult men in the village worshipped the landlord at the back of the village, eight people were selected by the wizard. These eight people put on blankets with tiger stripes, painted tiger stripes on their faces, feet and hands, dressed as tigers, and danced various dances imitating production, life and reproduction under the guidance of Hei Hu, and went to the village to exorcise ghosts and spirits for families. In Yi language, they are called "Roman Naibang". Tiger dance (also known as tiger sheng) started from the eighth day of the first month, and increased to 15 tigers per day (eighth tiger), that is, the fifteenth day of the first month. In the tiger dance, the elders (also called the opposite seats) with the bell of "Dong Bang" as the leader are all accompanied by tiger stripes and tiger skins. If many tiger skins are rare at present, use felt. In the past, every household in the village had to give incense to the "Tiger God" during the Tiger Festival, and every household had to dance a tiger dance from the front door to the house to ward off evil spirits and seek the protection of the Tiger God. In the evening, a fire broke out in Tanomura, and Hu Sheng danced around the village. 15 after all the tigers appeared, there were all kinds of men, women and children. The whole village put out wine to celebrate the future prosperity and revel all night.
What festivals and customs do Yi and Hani have? The grand traditional festivals of the Hani nationality include Bitter Zazha Festival (the Torch Festival on June 24th of the lunar calendar), October and the custom of drinking new valley wine. At that time, singing and dancing, wrestling, autumn grinding and crossbow shooting will be very lively. During the Spring Festival, every household held a banquet in the street, and the dining table became a long queue, and the long street banquet, drinking street wine and celebrating the Spring Festival together showed the Hani people's spirit of friendship, unity and mutual assistance.
What are the main festivals of the Yi people? The most popular festival is the Wrestling Torch Festival. The Yi nationality * * * has a population of more than 6.57 million (1990), which is a large and widely distributed nationality. They live in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. The Yi people in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan call themselves Sunuo, the Yi people in Honghe of Yunnan call themselves Luoluo, and the Yi people in Guishan and Maitreya mostly call themselves Sani and Axi. Yi nationality is an ancient nation. According to textual research, the Yi people have a close relationship with the ancient inhabitants of Bianqiang, which is considered to be a nation formed by the long-term integration of the ancient Qiang people in the south and the indigenous people in the southwest. Yi people have their own spoken and written languages, which are divided into 6 dialect areas, 4 sub-dialect areas, 2 1 dialect area and 22 sub-dialect areas. Although there are great differences between dialects, dialects and sub-dialects, there are similarities in grammatical structure, basic vocabulary and pronunciation, and there is no greater obstacle to the communication between young people of this nationality. Traditional Sports Wrestling of Yi People on Torch Festival: Wrestling is the most important and common sports activity among all traditional sports of Yi people. Especially in Torch Festival, Spring Festival and New Year's Eve, wrestling is an essential content. In the past, the Maitreya and Lunan areas in eastern Yunnan were the golden season for offering sacrifices to "Mizhi God" (the legendary god in charge of livestock) for wrestling. On the day of the sacrifice, Bimo (the host dedicated to offering sacrifices) and the elders in the village led the procession. People followed them with long poles carrying red cloth for "hanging red", walked around the field for a week, then burned incense to worship, and finally young people danced around hanging red to worship God. It was not until after the ceremony that wrestling, lion dancing and bullfighting began. The referee made a short ceremony before the wrestling match. After the ceremony, the players took off their jerseys, put on shorts and squatted on the sidelines, meaning to ask the referee to start the game. The referee stepped forward enthusiastically, lifted the players up, circled the field and shouted in Yi language, "Braves, come on!"! Don't miss this great opportunity ... "After that, the contestants appeared one after another. According to his own experience and eyesight, the referee judges the weight and age of the players, leads the opponents into the arena, and then a fierce wrestling match begins. Depending on the number of participants, several or even dozens of matches can be held at the same time on the wrestling field. Easy wrestling has no heavyweight and no time limit. Generally the most advanced players are young novices. After the game, the losing side left voluntarily, and the winning side stayed to fight again. The basic way of Yi wrestling is from standing to kneeling. The main actions are grabbing the opponent's belt, one-legged hug, over the back, arm flip, leg piercing and so on. In the process of wrestling, the opponent's shoulder touches the ground to win. This rule is very similar to international freestyle wrestling. Players with a little training can take part in international competitions. Wrestling is usually three sets, the one who wins two sets is the winner, and both sides fall to the ground together for a draw. If all three games are tied, no matter what the result, both sides will be regarded as a draw. Those who beat more than two opponents in a row will win prizes. Yi wrestling has trained many talents for the country, many of whom have won many awards in various competitions at home and abroad. Long, a Yi wrestler known as "Yunnan Leg Holding", defeated many famous wrestlers with his unique leg holding technique and won the national champion of 73kg freestyle wrestling. Bow shooting: Bow is an ancient and indispensable self-defense weapon and hunting tool in the life of Yi people. The crossbow is shaped like a bow and made of hard rock mulberry or pear trees. Shooting with a crossbow is like shooting with a horizontal bow. As long as you pull the trigger, the arrow will fly out along the arrow slot in the crossbow bed, with a long range. Because most Yi people live in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, there are often wild animals in the forest, so men never leave home. Shooting as a sport, in traditional festivals, mostly determines who can shoot far and accurately. Firerope: It is widely spread among Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan, and is held on festivals or festive days. It is a unique mass sports activity of Yi people. Skipping rope is dominated by men and women, and the rope used is made of fine rattan, and the length varies from person to person. Before the match, pour pine oil and tung oil on the match rope, or tie a piece of cloth soaked with kerosene. Generally, a flat dam is selected, and the starting point and ending point boundaries are drawn at both ends of the flat dam as the competition venue. The distance of the competition is not strict, there are no strict requirements and regulations, generally between 30 meters and 50 meters. Participants should be prepared at the starting point in advance. When the order is given, the first thing the contestants do is to light the matchrope first, and then shake the matchrope to jump forward like a single skipping rope. In the firewire jumping competition, the first person to reach the finish line wins. In addition to individual jumping, there are also group jumping. During the competition >>
What are the traditional festivals of the Yi people? Torch Festival in July.
Lunar calendar1October 20th, the Yi calendar celebrates the New Year.