In order to ensure the high-quality and high-level work, we need to make plans in advance, which is a detailed process of solving a problem or a project or a topic. So how do we write the plan? The following is the writing method of my carefully organized opening report and research plan, hoping to help everyone.
First, the significance and role of the opening report
The opening report is a topic selection plan written by the project leader on the basis of investigation and research, and submitted to the superior for approval after the project direction is determined. This paper mainly explains that this topic needs to be studied, and how to prepare it when conditions permit, which can also be said to be the demonstration and design of the topic. The opening report is an important link to improve the quality and level of topic selection.
The research plan is the work plan of the whole research after the subject is determined and before the formal research is carried out, which initially stipulates the specific contents and steps of all aspects of the research. The research scheme plays a key role in the smooth development of the whole research work, especially for people with less scientific research experience. A good scheme can avoid the situation that we don't know what to do next after a period of time, and ensure that the whole research work is carried out in an orderly way. It can be said that the level of research scheme is an important embodiment of the quality and level of a discipline.
Project plans have many different names and different styles, such as opening report, experimental plan, implementation plan and research plan. But fundamentally, there is no essential difference between these names, and people have not made too strict distinction between them in actual operation.
The opening report is relative to the final report. This term was once widely used in the research of university dissertations, and now it is more and more common with the deepening and extensive development of educational research and the improvement of its level. As a style of scientific research design, the opening report pays more attention to the innovation of topic selection, the scientific nature of argumentation and the feasibility of research than other styles. The experimental scheme is a concrete scheme to carry out research by using educational experimental methods. Because the educational experimental method is the most stringent educational research method, there are strict requirements for the preparation of experimental schemes. Such as the setting of experimental quantity, the control of irrelevant quantity, the design of experimental method and the verification of hypothesis. Research plan, as its name implies, is a plan about research work, which is a popular concept, and almost all project plans belong to the category of research plan.
When opening a topic, the implementation plan or opening report of the topic shall prevail, because the name of the implementation plan or opening report of the topic is more elegant than the name of the research plan.
Second, write the basic work that should be done in the research plan.
On the one hand, it is necessary to understand their basic structure and writing methods, but "if you want to learn poetry, your efforts are beyond poetry". It is important to do a lot of basic work before you can write a good opening report and research plan. First of all, we should know the basic situation of other people's research in this field. The most fundamental feature of research work is to be creative. If we are familiar with other people's research in this field, we will not repeat the path taken by others, but will engage in higher-level and more valuable things to study on the basis of other people's research. Secondly, we must master the basic theoretical knowledge related to our own topic, and the theoretical foundation is solid, so that the research work can have a solid foundation. Otherwise, without a theoretical basis, it will be difficult for you to study deeply and really create. Therefore, when conducting scientific research, we must collect information in various ways and strengthen theoretical study, so that we can have more confidence in writing reports and plans and make them more scientific and perfect.
Third, the structure and writing of the project research plan
The research project mainly includes the following aspects:
(a) the name of the project
Principal name is the name of the principal. This seems like a small problem, but in fact, when many people write a topic, they often write it inaccurately and inappropriately, thus affecting the image and quality of the whole topic. This is what most people call "just having children, not naming them". So, how to name the topic?
First, the name should be accurate and standardized.
Accuracy is the name of this subject. It is necessary to make it clear what the subject is and what the research object is, such as "experimental research on mental health education for primary school students", in which the research object is primary school students, not middle school students or college students. The main method of research is experimental research, which makes it clear that others can know what the subject is studying at a glance. But the names of some topics are not very accurate. For example, the name "Research on Moral Education Infiltration in Subject Teaching" has no clear research object and problems. Are you a middle school student, a primary school student or a college student? All subjects are still only Chinese and mathematics. Another example is the name "Breakthrough in Centralized Literacy and Oral English". I think others can't see the problem just by looking at the topic, which seems to be Chinese, English, middle school or primary school, and they can't even see it in the upper or lower grades of primary school. In short, the title of the topic must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and it should accurately summarize the objects and problems you are studying.
Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. Here is a topic called "Cultivating students' autonomous learning ability and improving classroom teaching efficiency". If this topic is an empirical paper or research report, I think it is good, but as a topic, I think it is not very good, because the topic is the problem we want to solve, and this problem is being discussed and studied, so there can be no final tone.
Second, the name should be concise, not too long.
Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words. I think the names in the application forms of various schools are relatively simple, so I won't say much.
(b) the purpose and significance of the study.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role the research of this topic has, and then writing out the theoretical and academic value of the topic. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. Don't write all the general slogans such as adhering to the party's educational policy, implementing quality education and improving the quality of education and teaching. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.
(3) The history and present situation of this topic at home and abroad (literature review).
It should be standardized, and minor items can be omitted. Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic. Refer to the general project report.
(D) Research objectives
The goal of the study is the specific goal to be achieved and the specific problem to be solved, that is, the predetermined goal to be achieved in this study: the goal of this study should be closely related to the topic, and the words should be accurate, concise and clear. Compared with the purpose and guiding ideology, the research goal is more specific, and it must be clearly written. Only when the goal is clear and specific can we know what the specific work direction is and what the research focus is, and our thinking will not be disturbed by various factors.
Common problems are: not writing research objectives; The target deduction is not strict; The target word is inaccurate; The goal is set too high, and the predetermined goal has not been studied or can not be studied.
When determining the research objectives of the project, on the one hand, we should consider the requirements of the project itself, on the other hand, we should consider the actual working conditions and level of the research group.
(six) the basic content of the study
When we have the research goal of the subject, we must determine the specific content of our subject according to the goal, and the research content is more specific than the research goal. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When we determine the research content, we often don't consider it very specifically. The research content written is particularly general and vague, and it is very unfavorable for our whole research to regard the purpose and significance of the research as the research content. So learn to break down the topic and do it bit by bit.
The basic contents generally include: (1) the definition of the subject name. Three points should be clarified as far as possible: research object, research problem and research method. ⑵ This topic studies the definitions of related theories, nouns, terms and concepts. For example, when studying inquiry learning and the cultivation of middle school students' creative personality, we should first make clear what inquiry learning is, what personality is, what personality is, the relevant theories of personality formation, the difference and connection between personality and personality, what creative personality is, and what is the relationship between inquiry learning and the cultivation of middle school students' creative personality. The determination of research content is based on research objectives; The second is to determine from the aspects of current situation research, attribution research, application (method) research or countermeasure research. Current situation research is the foundation. Attribution research is a breakthrough to solve problems, and application (method) research or countermeasure research is the focus of research.
(7) Research methods.
1. This topic studies whether to set sub-topics. Each subproject should be relatively independent and form a project system. As a provincial and municipal project, it is best to set up sub-items. Form a whole school project research system.
2. Specific research methods can be selected from the following methods: observation, investigation, experiment, experience summary, case study, comparative study, literature and so on. To study the present situation of students' practical ability, we must be inseparable from the investigation method; In order to study how to optimize the personality of primary school students, experimental method should be adopted; To study how to train young teachers, we can use the experience summary method; To study the educational countermeasures of students from poor families, case method can be used.
3. When determining the research methods, clearly describe "what to do" and "how to do it". If the survey method is needed, the purpose, task, object, scope, survey method, questionnaire design or source should be explained. It is best to attach a survey plan.
4. Promote the use of comprehensive research methods. A large project often needs many methods. A small project may be mainly one method, but other methods are also needed.
When we apply various methods, we must strictly follow the requirements of the methods, and we must do it with experience and common sense. For example, we need to know the situation through investigation, how to make a questionnaire and how to analyze it, instead of just sending a table, we just need to get some percentages and averages.
Highlight the action research method.
(8) Steps of research.
The step of project research is the arrangement of project research in time and order. The steps of research should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of research content. Generally, we should start with the basic problems and proceed in stages. There must be regulations on when each stage begins and ends. The main steps and time schedule of the study include: what stages are the whole study divided into; The starting and ending time of each stage; Research objectives and tasks to be completed in each stage; Main research steps in each stage; The timetable of research work this semester, etc.
(9) Form of research results
What this topic studies is what form of stage research results and final research results should be obtained. There are many forms, such as investigation report, experimental report, research report, paper, experience summary, survey scale, test scale, microcomputer software, teaching design, video tape and so on. Among them, investigation reports, research reports and papers are the most important manifestations of research results. The content and form of research results are different with different topics, but no matter what form, the research of the topic must have results, otherwise, the topic will not be completed.
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