From 632 to 634, Abu Bekeret, the ruler of the caliphate, invaded the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, which was the prelude to the Abai War. In 633, the Arabs defeated the Byzantine army for the first time in the Wadi-Alaba area south of the Dead Sea.
In the second half of the 7th century, Byzantium lost its territory in Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, South Caucasus and North Africa. In 646, Harry sent his troops and finally occupied Alexandria. In 648 and 654, it occupied Cyprus and Rhode Island successively. Since 668, wars have mainly occurred in Asia Minor. During the years of 668-669, 673-678 and 716-717, the Arab army made many expeditions to Constantinople with the support of the navy, but failed again and again.
In the last expedition in July17, Lu Haijun sent by Harry was defeated and Arabia lost its territory in Anatolia. In the next 20 years, both sides will win and lose in this respect. In 739, the Byzantine army defeated the Afghan army near Halcrow.
As a result, the Arab army withdrew from the west of Asia Minor. By the beginning of the 9th century, Byzantine troops occupied a large area of land from Syria to Armenia and established a defense line on the eastern border of the empire. Facing this line of defense, the Arabs also built many fortifications. One of the most important fortifications is Fort Tulsa. This war has been going on for nearly 10 years, mainly in the area around the fortress line.
During the Arab-Byzantine War, combat operations also took place in the Mediterranean. Arabs took advantage of their naval superiority to occupy Crete in 823 and malta island in 858. The battle of Sicily lasted for more than 50 years and was occupied by Arab troops at the end of 878. Based in Sicily and other Mediterranean islands, Albanian troops constantly launched attacks on Byzantine territories in Calabria and Apulia, Italy.
Since the end of the 9th century, Crete has also become a base for Arab pirates to attack Peloponnesus and Aegean islands cities. In terms of military weapons and technical equipment, it is far less than the Arab Khalifa of Byzantium, so it can win many times because the war between Byzantium and Iran has greatly weakened Byzantium politically and militarily.
On the other hand, the people who were brutally oppressed by Byzantium rose up and rebelled, although their strength was not great, but they also helped the Arabs win. After the decline of caliphate, Byzantium occupied northern Syria at the beginning of 10 century, and recovered Crete, Cyprus and Rhode Island in the second half of 10 century. At the beginning of 1 1 century, Byzantium met a new country-Seljuk, Turkey, so its competition with Arabia eased.