After the French Bourbon dynasty was overthrown, the regime fell to the big bourgeoisie? July dynasty? In their hands, the workers in Lyon, who suffered from severe disasters, fought for the right to live. 183 1 10 In June, more than 6,000 workers demonstrated and demanded higher wages, but they were unreasonably rejected by the bourgeois government. The workers shouted loud slogans: you can't live without labor, and you will die in the battlefield. 1in late October, they launched an uprising and once occupied Lyon. The French government quickly transferred a large number of counter-revolutionary troops from Paris and suppressed the uprising on February 3, 65438, making it fall in a pool of blood.
1April 9, 834, Lyon workers got up again. This time, the momentum is even stronger, and the political slogan of overthrowing the rich regime and striving for democracy and founding the country is clearly put forward. The bourgeois government panicked and quickly sent troops to put out the revolutionary fire. They sent it out? Kill anyone you see on the street? Command, and use artillery bombardment workers residential areas. Uprising workers are not afraid of violence and fight to answer the massacre of the reactionary government. In the case of poor equipment and a far cry from the number of people, we fought fiercely with government forces for days and nights, forcing the enemy to pay a high price for every step forward. On April 13, the last insurgents in Lyon died heroically in a church.
The two Lyon uprisings were the earliest armed uprisings of workers in history, which set a brilliant example for the proletarian independence movement. From 65438 to 0836, a large-scale charter movement took place in Britain. In the second year, British workers formulated a platform called the People's Charter, the central content of which was to demand universal suffrage and give workers the opportunity to participate in state management. The movement began in London and quickly spread throughout Britain. Many urban workers went on strike and some local workers revolted. However, the leaders of the Charter Movement hoped to achieve the goal of struggle through peaceful petition. The Charter Movement was suppressed by the British government in 1848, which shows that it is impossible to carry out revolution by peaceful means. But this is the first extensive, truly mass and political proletarian revolutionary movement in the world. 1844, an armed uprising broke out in Silesia, Germany, with the goal of opposing the oppression and exploitation of the feudal landlord bourgeoisie. More than 3000 workers took up arms and fought bravely with government forces. After two days of fierce fighting, they were suppressed.
The rise of these large-scale workers' movements shows that the proletariat has provided conditions. Only under the guidance of this theory can the independent workers' movement get on the right track and win the final victory. Without revolutionary theory, there would be no revolutionary movement. Therefore, the establishment of scientific materialism has become an urgent need of the times.
The people's charter is June 1837. London Workers' Association? A document for universal suffrage puts forward six requirements: (1) All adult males who are mentally normal and have no crime have the right to universal suffrage; (2) Parliament is re-elected once a year; (3) Members are paid, so that people without property can become members; (4) In order to eliminate bourgeois bribery and intimidation, the election was held by secret ballot; (5) Establish equal constituencies to ensure equal representation; (6) Cancel the purely formal restriction on the representative qualification of 300 Jin real estate, so that every voter has the same right to be elected. In the long-term struggle practice, the British working class gradually realized that bourgeois rule was the root of all disasters, and then pointed the finger at bourgeois regime and law. 1838 In May, this document was officially published in the form of a bill.
The universal suffrage movement is called. Charter movement? The promulgation of the people's charter marks the development of the charter. It was strongly supported by the broad masses of workers and working people, and soon thousands of people devoted themselves to the efforts to realize the six requirements of the Charter. Grand mass gatherings have been held all over the country, with tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people. The number of people gathered in Costa Rica was as high as 6.5438+0.5 million, and the Charter Movement quickly developed into a mass movement. The right wing of the Charter Movement was led by lovett? Moralism ",represented by O 'Connor in the left wing? Violent faction? Only a few people such as Hani and Jones stand firm.
1838, 1842, 1848 appeared three times. 1B48 On April 3rd, the Charter National Congress was held in London, and it was decided to organize people to go to Westminster to present their views and submit petitions to the Congress. However, fearing that the government claimed to use force to suppress it, chartist leader O 'Connor and others gave up the original demonstration plan. Later, the government made several big arrests and disintegrated from the failed Charter Movement at the end of September. However, the Charter Movement is of great significance. Is it? The first extensive, truly mass and political proletarian revolutionary movement in the world? Although the political demands put forward by the movement were not directly realized, they had a great influence on later British politics. By the second half of the19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, most of the demands of the Charter Movement were adopted by the British Parliament.