First, the origin of the slogan of freedom, equality and fraternity (the formation of bourgeois ideology)
1, bourgeois ideology is gradually formed in the process of ideological revolution.
The emerging bourgeoisie first launched an ideological revolution and declared war on feudal absolutism and religious theology. Authoritarianism advocates resignation. "If someone hits you on the left face, you should let him hit you on the right face." The bourgeoisie preaches the concepts of freedom, equality and fraternity. Christianity advocates deism and asceticism, while the emerging bourgeoisie advocates humanism and hedonism.
(1) The Renaissance set a cultural precedent for bourgeois ideology.
Renaissance is a cultural movement initiated by the emerging bourgeoisie under the banner of "reviving classical culture", which lasted from 14 to 16 century.
People comprehensively criticize feudal thoughts in the form of social ideology such as literature, art and philosophy, and advocate replacing divinity with humanity, ignorance with reason and abstinence with personality liberation.
After the Renaissance, the bourgeois ideology with humanism as the main content was gradually formed.
② The Enlightenment laid the theoretical foundation of bourgeois ideology.
The Enlightenment generally refers to the European bourgeois democratic cultural movement, which lasted from 17 to18th century.
Voltaire (1694 ~ 1778) is regarded as the first enlightenment scholar in French history. He was put into the Bastille twice and deported twice for attacking religion and satirizing the monarchy. After the death of King Louis XV 1778, Voltaire won a great victory in Paris and became the "king of knowledge".
Enlightenment thinkers held high the banner of "rational principle", mercilessly criticized feudal autocracy and religious theology, and put forward slogans such as freedom, equality and fraternity, which laid the theoretical foundation of the whole bourgeois ideology.
2. The bourgeois ideology was consciously constructed during and after the political revolution.
(1) constitutional provisions
Freedom, equality and fraternity are one of the slogans of the French Revolution. During the three years of the Republic of China, it was designated as the official motto. The constitutions of the Fourth Republic and the Fifth Republic clearly confirm that it has become the core content of the French spirit.
② Official remarks
Lincoln's theory of the people, by the people and for the people.
1the battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 863 was the cruelest battle in the American civil war, with 5 1000 deaths on both sides.
1863165438+1October 19 Lincoln delivered a speech at the dedication ceremony of the fallen soldier's tomb in Gettysburg.
-we should draw more dedication from these glorious dead to complete the cause they have devoted themselves to completely; We must make the greatest determination here and not let these dead people die in vain; We hope that this country will be reborn freely under the blessing of God, and this government of the people, by the people and for the people will exist forever.
● Kennedy on patriotism
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your motherland.
Country.
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. -196165438+1October 20th
inauguration address
③ Academic education
Weber was born in 1864 in Ford, Huel. He was weak when he was a child, but he was smart. It is only in adolescence that the spirit is high.
188 1 entered the university of heidelberg to study law, 1883 did military service, and then transferred to the university of Berlin to complete his studies. 1889 obtained the doctorate in law. Teaching in many universities.
1June 920 14 died of pneumonia in Munich at the age of 56.
He is one of the founders of classical sociology. In the west, he, Karl Marx and French sociologist Emile Duerk Heim are regarded as the three elites of sociology.
Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism is often quoted by China scholars.
Second, the nature of capitalist ideology
First, capitalist ideology is the ideological superstructure under the conditions of capitalist society and serves the economic foundation of capitalist social form.
Second, capitalist ideology is the concentrated expression of bourgeois class consciousness.
Third, the historical progress and class limitations of bourgeois ideology.
1, historical progress
First, it lashed out at feudal absolutism and religious theology and promoted the liberation of human thought.
Second, the enterprising and realistic spirit advocated by it has played a great positive role in promoting the progress of human civilization and the development of productive forces.
Third, it provides some ideological achievements for the establishment of a new social ideology. Slogans such as "freedom, equality and fraternity" reflect the progress of human culture and the requirements of social development, and can be used by the proletariat to fight for their rights to some extent.
2. Category restrictions
First of all, it is based on fully affirming the system of private ownership and exploitation.
Second, it is to safeguard the fundamental interests of the bourgeoisie.
Third, it is extremely hypocritical and deceptive. The concepts of freedom, equality, human rights and democracy in bourgeois ideology have never and cannot go beyond the narrow boundaries of the bourgeoisie.
We should treat bourgeois ideology with a scientific and dialectical attitude. "Get rid of its dross and take its essence" to promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.