Zhu Yuanzhang's subordinates are divided into two categories: the Red Scarf Army and Confucian scholars. In the early years, the Red Scarf Army followed the leaders of Zoroastrianism, such as Han, Han and Han, and they were all followers of Daming, so they naturally agreed to use the name Daming.
For Confucian scholars, although they don't believe in Zoroastrianism, they think that Ming is light and distance is the sun and moon, which is consistent with the ancient ritual system. And the Ming Dynasty started in the south. For example, the South is a fire, and God is Zhu Rong. North is water, and God is mysterious. At that time, the Mongolian regime originated in the north, which happened to be the reason why yin and yang and five elements were born together.
In addition, there is a saying of "Zhu Ming" in ancient mythology, which just happens to be the surname of the emperor.
According to Wu Han, the meaning of "Daming" really comes from Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism, formerly known as Manichaeism, was founded by Persian Manichaeism. In the first year of Tang Yanzhai (694), it was introduced to China. Because of its worship of light, it was also called Zoroastrianism. The teachings of Zoroastrianism are two cases of San Ji, that is, they think that the two forces that rule the world are light and shade; The two forces of light and shadow struggled with each other. After three stages, Xu Da's tomb in Nanjing was named San Ji. Ming is light, representing goodness and reason; Darkness is darkness, representing evil and desire. In the initial stage, there is no heaven and earth, and the light and shade are relative; On the international stage, darkness dominated, when the Ming king was born and the darkness was driven away through struggle; In the later period, light and shade returned to their own standards. Zoroastrianism has great attraction to the oppressed and exploited, because Zoroastrianism advocates welcoming the birth of the Ming king and changing the status quo. I believe that people will live a good life in the near future.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zoroastrianism took this opportunity to preach among the poor peasants and prepare for an armed uprising. At that time, Peng Yingyu of Zoroastrianism preached in Huaixi, preaching that the Ming King was coming to earth, and asked believers to get ready. In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1338), his disciples led more than 5,000 people to revolt in Yuanzhou (now Yichun County, Jiangxi Province). Although the suppression failed, since then, struggles have started everywhere, and Peng Yingyu is also persisting in the struggle. Han, a native of Hebei, is also an important secret religious leader, recruiting believers and brewing troubles. In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng (135 1), the Yellow River was built by peasants in the Yuan Dynasty. Han sent someone to bury a one-eyed stone man in the river in advance, engraved with the words "The one-eyed stone man provoked the Yellow River to rebel against the world". After the stone man was dug up, people's hearts were unstable. Think the time is ripe, contact others to prepare for the uprising, and elect Han as the Ming king. When the story came to light, Han was killed and his wife Yang escaped with her son. Liu Futong happeneth to break through, and then captured Yingzhou and other places. Moved by the wind, various places revolted one after another, which set off the climax of the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Liu Futong established Han Liner as Wang Xiaoming, and established the Longfeng regime. Guo Zixing Department of Zhu Yuanzhang was controlled by Liu Futong after Guo Zixing's death, so Zhu Yuanzhang was actually Wang Xiaoming Department. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang was very powerful and ordered Liao Yongzhong to welcome Wang Xiaoming to join his army. On the way, Wang Xiaoming fell into the water by boat, so he died inexplicably. Some historians believe that this may be arranged by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Zhu Yuanzhang named the country "Daming", which was inherited from Wang Xiaoming. "The name of the country is Daming, and Lin's name is Xiaoming." It is said that this was Liu Ji's idea. Zhu Yuanzhang's generals were either enlightened by Peng Yingying in Huaixi or subordinates of Wang Xiaoming, mostly Ming believers. Therefore, it is natural for Zhu Yuanzhang to name his country Daming, which also means that Zhu Yuanzhang is a Ming king and no one else has legitimacy. There should be no other Ming kings in the society, which also helps to stabilize people's hearts. In addition, the word Ming stands for light, and the words day and month are separated, which is a very auspicious word and represents the sacredness of the Ming Dynasty. It is worth noting that shortly after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, in order to prevent the secret church from endangering his rule, all cults, including Bailian, Maitreya and Zoroastrianism, were banned.
The mystery of the name of the Ming dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, its country name was "Daming". How did this Daming come from? Obviously, this has a lot to do with Wang Xiaoming. Because Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, took part in the uprising of the Red Scarf Army, and the commander in chief of the Red Scarf Army was Wang Xiaoming Han Liner.
(Han Liner (? -1366) Son of Han, leader of the Red Scarf Army at the end of Yuan Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, when politics was dark and people were poor, Korea organized a secret religious group and contacted it to prepare an uprising against the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, the Red Scarf Army uprising has been surging. Later, in order to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty, restore the Song Dynasty, and make Han Liner, the son of Han Shan Tong, the Ming King, Liu Futong established the "Da Song" regime with the title of "Dragon and Phoenix". )
Later, they built Daming. These two "Ming" are one "Ming", so the "Ming" of "Daming" comes from the "Ming" in Wang Xiaoming. Then you will ask, where did Wang Xiaoming's "Ming" come from? Wang Xiaoming's "Ming" comes from Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism, also known as Manichaeism, was founded by a Persian named Mani in the third century. Zoroastrianism has absorbed the doctrinal factors of Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and Christianity. Its classics include two classics and three classics. What is the propaganda? The propaganda is that darkness will be defeated by light, and finally light will be defeated, and everyone will be freed from suffering. When did Zoroastrianism spread to China? That was during the reign of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty. After Zoroastrianism was introduced into China, it experienced a long period of development, but it remained mysterious. Why? Because Zoroastrianism preaches that "Maitreya was born, and the Ming king was born." Some people who resisted the imperial court often appealed to the masses through Zoroastrianism, so Zoroastrianism was often banned, sometimes surfaced and sometimes sneaked into the ground. In order to protect themselves, they had a relationship with Buddhism, and they had a relationship with the Buddhist White Lotus Sect, which eventually formed the White Lotus Sect. Therefore, from the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zoroastrianism appeared from time to time and sneaked into the ground from time to time, but it was often used as a weapon against the imperial court.
So why should the Red Scarf Army give priority to Wang Xiaoming? When the Red Scarf Army revolted, most people joined the army to improve their living conditions. Han Liner was founded by Liu Futong and claimed to be the eighth grandson of Song Huizong. There are two slogans they put forward, "The mountains and rivers have the land of China, and the sun and the moon will reopen the Great Song Dynasty." What do you mean "mountains and rivers have China's land"? The rule of the Yuan Dynasty was dominated by Mongolian nobles, who put the Han people and southerners in an oppressed position. Recovering China's land will make the Han people and Mongols equal and restore China. "The sun and the moon reopen the Great Song Day". Whose world is this in the Song Dynasty? It is a world with the Han nationality as the main body, or that the Han nationality and all ethnic groups live together on an equal footing. At that time, these hungry people joined the army and faced two problems in order to get a happy life: one was serious class oppression, they were poor, deceived by the government and oppressed by the rich; One is the oppression of the nation, that is, they are inferior and cannot be treated equally with the Mongols and Semu people. Then Wang Xiaoming publicized "Maitreya was born, Wang Ming was born", which brought everyone a happy life after birth, so the Red Scarf Army gave priority to Xiaoming and Wang Feng. In order to keep a low profile, Zhu Yuanzhang himself called on the army to seize the world under the banner of Wang Xiaoming when the time was not ripe for the Great Song Dynasty. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang's investment in the Red Scarf Army was mainly Wang Xiaoming, which had an indissoluble bond with Wang Xiaoming and the word Zoroastrianism.
(A.D. 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang became more and more powerful. So he sent Liao Yongzhong to take Wang Xiaoming and Han Liner to his base camp. However, when Wang Xiaoming came, he mysteriously drowned in the waterway. There are different opinions about the murderer of Wang Xiaoming in history, but it goes without saying that Zhu Yuanzhang is also suspected. Strangely, however, Zhu Yuanzhang followed the name of Wang Xiaoming and named the country "Daming". Is he trying to hide his eyes and ears and avoid being suspected of killing Wang Xiaoming, or is there another reason? )
I think there are two problems here. First, why do so many people follow Zhu Yuanzhang to farmland? For the birth of Amin King, I hope Amin King will be born. They hope that "Maitreya Buddha was born and Ming Wang was born" to change their life destiny. If we put this "Ming" aside now, are these people a little chilling? They lost their goal, we worked hard for a long time, and we paid tribute to Wang Ming for success. Where is Ming Wang? Wang Xiaoming is gone. Is there Amin King? They need King Amin, so the slogan of "Ming" can't be thrown away. This slogan met the wishes of many working people at that time. Although it was superstition, people's ideological level at that time was just so. However, in Zhu Yuanzhang's team, a considerable number of scholars and intellectuals came, who used Confucian concepts to guide Zhu Yuanzhang's governance. One of the core values of Confucianism is that "Zi Buhe" is confused. Confucianism opposes Buddhism, Taoism and all the chaotic gods in Machamp. So why do these Confucian intellectuals use the word "Ming"? In fact, in the eyes of these intellectuals, "Ming" is no longer Wang Xiaoming's "Ming", and they have made their own interpretation of this word. Tomorrow is the day and the month. In ancient China, people always sacrificed years to publicize the divine right of imperial power. I am "bright" and open. Second, China people believe in the Five Elements and their theories. The five elements say that the north is water virtue and the south is fire virtue. The Mongols won by water, and Zhu Yuanzhang in the south won by fire. I, fire, beat your water. The fire is very light.
You can recall that when Zhu Yuanzhang was born, there was often a legend that Zhu Yuanzhang was accompanied by a fire. When Zhu Yuanzhang was born, all the neighbors saw that Zhu Yuanzhang's house was red and all the neighbors thought it was on fire. They rushed to put out the fire, but when they couldn't, they gave birth to a child. It is also said that Zhu Yuanzhang is in the temple, and this temple is also a red light. Everyone nearby thought that the temple was on fire. If there was no fire, Zhu Yuanzhang was in it. What does this mean? They preached Zhu Yuanzhang's virtue of fire. Therefore, "Ming" has been given a new meaning in the words of these people, which is different from Wang Xiaoming's "Ming". There is another reason. After Wang Xiaoming's death, Zhu Yuanzhang must make this "clear" and this seat will be occupied. Why? Because many people came here with the goal of "Born in Wang Ming", Wang Xiaoming was able to publicize "Born in Wang Ming" and finally overthrow the Yuan Dynasty. Does anyone want to oppose the court? It also promoted "Ming Chengzu" and then overthrew the new dynasty. There must be such a problem. However, I can't let others use Ming Wang against me. Zhu Yuanzhang himself is the Ming king. So he wants to occupy this position by himself, and no one is allowed to use this position again. Who's Wang Ming? I am Wang Ming. But I am Wang Ming and I am Daming. Well, here's a question, and I want to explain it to you. When we say that a person is in trouble and has done something, we call ourselves "big", but why is Wang Xiaoming "small"? In fact, Wang Xiaoming's "smallness" was imposed on him by Zhu Yuanzhang. He is the Ming King, and Zhu Yuanzhang himself is the Ming Emperor. He had to make Han Liner, the king of the Ming Dynasty, be called "Wang Xiaoming". No one else can be older than him. If Wang Xiaoming is called "Daming", where should Zhu Yuanzhang put it? So Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the name "Wang Xiaoming".
The mystery of the name of the Ming dynasty. Everyone knows the Ming Dynasty. Of course, the name of the country is "Ming", but the Ming Dynasty is also called "Daming". How did this "Ming" come from? Today we will talk about four questions to explain the name of the Ming Dynasty.
First, where did Wang Xiaoming's "Ming" come from?
Second, why should the Red Scarf Army give priority to Wang Xiaoming?
Third, why did the Ming people generally accept the word "Ming" as the country name?
Fourth, Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor. What kind of country does he want to build this Daming country into? Here are four questions.
Let's start with the first question. What is Ming in Wang Xiaoming? As we all know, there was chaos in the world at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and class contradictions and ethnic contradictions were very sharp. Finally, there is the rebellion of Han He. Han Liner, known as the eighth grandson of Song Huizong, said that he came out to rule the world again. But what do they use to call on the people? Their propaganda is "Maitreya Buddha was born, Wang Ming was born". After the Ming king came out, the world was at peace and the people's lives were better. This "Ming" is the Ming of Ming Wang. The common people hope to live a good life in hot water. Therefore, to publicize the birth of the Ming King is actually to call on the people to revolt. So, where did this Ming king come from? This Ming king comes from Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism, also known as Manichaeism, was founded by a man named Mani in the 3rd century.
When did this Manichaeism spread to China? It was in the Tang Dynasty when Wu Zetian was there. At that time, in order to win over Uighurs in the Tang Dynasty, Uighurs were ethnic minorities and believed in Zoroastrianism. In order to win over the Uighurs, they raised the status of Manichaeism, which is equivalent to acknowledging the legal status of Manichaeism. But after the destruction of Uighur in the Tang Dynasty, this Manichaeism was no longer taken seriously. Because many people who suffer often oppose the imperial court under the banner of religion and the slogan of "Maitreya was born, Wang Ming was born", they are driven underground and cannot move normally. During the Song Dynasty, Manichaeism was once recognized. However, due to the nature of this religious rebellion, the court still refused to allow it to exist normally and was forced to go underground again.
In the Yuan Dynasty, as we all know, it left the traditional Confucian orthodoxy in China, so it was more open to religion. Manichaeism once became a religion that could spread freely. But later, this Manichaeism was also used to resist the imperial court and was once again driven underground. This Zoroastrianism or Manichaeism has been driven underground. In order to protect themselves, they are desperately linked to Buddhism and to the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism, Bailian. That is, in the Yuan Dynasty, many people used the White Lotus Sect to gather people. In fact, they believe in such a religion that Manichaeism and Bailian are mixed. What are they promoting? The propaganda is "Maitreya was born, Wang Ming was born". We talked about it twice before. At that time, Liu Futong said that "ten people fight the Yellow River with one eye against the world" and "Maitreya Buddha was born and Wang Mingsheng was born", calling on the people to rise up against the imperial court and strive for a happy life. At this time, they carried out their slogan, that is, playing the banner of Wang Ming. Therefore, this "Ming" in Wang Xiaoming means that Manichaeism is the "Ming" of Zoroastrianism.
The second question, why does the Red Scarf Army give priority to Wang Xiaoming? Now let's look at Wang Xiaoming's slogan. At that time, the slogan was "The mountains and rivers have the land of China, and the sun and the moon will reopen the Great Song Dynasty". What do these slogans mean? "Mountains and rivers have Han land" is the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, dominated by Mongolian nobles. It divides people into several classes and practices national oppression. They play "mountains and rivers have their own places", which means to drive away the Mongolian aristocrats and rule by the Central Plains people again. "Sun and Moon will reopen DaSong", and they can only be more appealing if they say that they are the heirs of DaSong. The word "day" and "month" implies a word "Ming", calling on people with Zoroastrianism.
Call on the people to achieve two purposes:
One is to resist class oppression and restore the rule with the Han nationality as the main body, and no longer be oppressed by ethnic groups.
The second one wants to live a good life and welcome the birth of Wang Ming. Therefore, for a long time, in order to make his team more authoritative and appealing, Zhu Yuanzhang also gave priority to Wang Xiaoming. For a long time, he called himself DaSong with the title of Wang Xiaoming. Therefore, his title is based on the title of Dragon and Phoenix in the Song Dynasty, and his country was ruled by the Song Dynasty and Wang Xiaoming. Since Zhu Yuanzhang accepted the title of Wang Xiaoming, he worked as a deputy marshal under Wang Xiaoming, a Wu Guogong under Wang Xiaoming, and was later named the King of Wu. Therefore, it has an indissoluble bond with Wang Xiaoming's "Ming". Then everyone will ask a question, since Zhu Yuanzhang has become the emperor, why not ask for another title and the word Wang Xiaoming?
I think there are two reasons: first, many people who took part in the uprising, many people who resisted the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, still believe in Ming Chengzu's statement. They joined the ranks of the rebels, hoping that Ming Chengzu would be born. To satisfy the wishes of this group of people, we can't throw away this slogan. If you throw away this slogan, you will lose this part of the people's hearts. Who is Ming Wang? Zhu Yuanzhang himself is the Ming king, and he is Daming. Who wants to be the king of Ming Dynasty? There's no room. He's already taken a seat. However, after all, Zhu Yuanzhang's team was transformed by Confucian intellectuals, and they and the original group gathered through burning incense in Bailian Sect. The uprising team went further and further. So, Zhu Yuanzhang later said this in the battle against Zhang Shicheng:
He said that because the Yuan Dynasty was very dark, everyone was looking forward to changing their living conditions, so they fell into witchcraft by mistake. The witchcraft he refers to is white lotus religion, which is Zoroastrianism. Foolish people were misled by witchcraft, confused by the false birth of the proposal, and mistakenly believed that Maitreya really existed. They don't understand this statement at all. This spell is nonsense. They especially believe that Maitreya will be born in the afterlife, and Wang Ming is real. Why? Miracle rules the world and Su Qi suffers. I hope he can govern the country and save his own pain, but what should these people do together? This happened. It's "burning incense at the party." As the shadow said, spread Heluo. As long as the evil words are good, the evil plan will be obvious. Burning battlements, killing scholars, poisonous creatures, endless reason. " That is, although Zhu Yuanzhang used the titles and titles of Zoroastrianism and Wang Xiaoming to revolt, after the uprising was successful, he came back to criticize Bailian and Zoroastrianism, saying that they were "unprovoked". Therefore, it can also be seen that Zhu Yuanzhang has ideologically divorced from Zoroastrianism and the primitive white lotus religion believed by most insurgents who participated in the peasant uprising.
He has been reformed by Confucian intellectuals. In that case, why is this statement still accepted? There are many intellectuals belonging to Zhu Yuanzhang, including Zhu Sheng, Tao An, Liu Ji and Li Shanchang mentioned last time. They all believe what Confucianism says, and they accept Daming. In fact, they have explained the word "Ming" in another way. It is said that in ancient China, there were sacrifices to Daming, the sky, the sun, the earth and the moon, which was related to the ancient sacrificial ceremony in China and the ancient Five Elements Theory in China. They also put forward a saying that Mongolia originated in the north, and it was declared that it was a water virtue, while Zhu Yuanzhang originated in the south, which was a fire virtue. Also said, said the word "Zhu", after the surname Zhu Rong, who is Zhu Rong? It was the ancestors who mastered the fire, called the fire and called the fire officer. He brought light to people. Zhu Yuanzhang inherited this fire virtue, and started in the south, which will definitely defeat the water virtue in the north, so this Ming and fire are interlinked.
Why were there many legends when Zhu Yuanzhang was born, all related to fire? It is said that the temple where he lives is thought to be red by others. Is it on fire? Many people say no. When I was born, I saw if their house was on fire, but it still wasn't. This fire actually indicates that he is a fire virtue and will be associated with the word "Daming" in the future. Used to be a royal official. In order to make their rule more legal, they used these Shinto doctrines to fool the people, strengthen their authority and publicize the divine right of imperial power. So he planted a lot of foreshadowing in advance, and finally said that Zhu Yuanzhang was justified in the world.
Confucian intellectuals believe that it is natural for Zhu Yuanzhang to take Daming as his country name, build the country by virtue of fire, get heaven and help from heaven, and he wants to rule the whole country. Therefore, even though Zhu Yuanzhang gave up the theory of Maitreya's birth and the theory of Wang Ming's birth, he still kept the name of Daming. One more thing, last time we left a small question, that is, who is the king, say who is the king. Why is Wang Xiaoming a small print? Who made the title? From ancient times to now, it is a two-word title, but there is no one-word title. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang have a title of Wu Yuannian when he was king of Wu before the founding of the Ming Dynasty? In a word, what do you mean?
According to the current analysis, Zhu Yuanzhang called it "Daming", but Wang Xiaoming can never call it "Daming". He must make this "Wang Ming" a Wang Xiaoming, and show that he is taller than him, so everything should be publicized on such materials as Wang Xiaoming. Therefore, Han Liner can only be Wang Xiaoming, not King Daming. Although the word "Ming" was used, it was made small, and only Zhu Yuanzhang himself was big. The enlargement of the country name originated in the Yuan Dynasty, but it didn't exist before, like the Great Song Dynasty, which was later called. The Yuan Dynasty was called Dayuan. How did the name of this Yuan Dynasty come from? This is a sentence in the Book of Changes, called "Great Gan Yuan", Dayuan. The Ming Dynasty inherited the Yuan Dynasty, also known as "Daming".
Besides, in the first year of Wu, why did people use a two-word title, and when they arrived at the king of Wu, they gave them a one-word title? In fact, Mitchell accidentally let the cat out of the bag when compiling history. Why do you say that? Because he used the year of Dragon and Phoenix, which was 1367, the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Zheng. Zhu Yuanzhang sent Liao Yongzhong to meet Wang Xiaoming. When Liao Yongzhong arrived in Guazhou, the ship sank. This Wang Xiaoming is gone, and this Dragon and Phoenix Year can't be used. However, this year is not the year to change the first year, that is, it is not the year to establish the New Year's number. So when describing this history, can we still use the year of dragon and phoenix? If no other year is available, use "Wu", which is the first year of Wu, so there is a first year of Wu in history. This year of Wu Canyuan just let us know that it was the year before the founding of Zhu Yuanzhang, and he was still named as the Dragon and Phoenix in Wang Xiaoming. But when Mitchell writes, he can't write like this. The three questions we talked about earlier are about Zhu Yuanzhang's Ming. How did this "Ming" come from Manichaeism or Zoroastrianism? Finally, it is generally accepted.