In order to further implement the safety production policy of "safety first, prevention first and comprehensive management", promote and strengthen the investigation and rectification of all kinds of safety production accidents (hereinafter referred to as accidents), completely eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, effectively prevent and reduce all kinds of accidents, establish a long-term mechanism for the investigation and management of safety production accidents, strengthen the responsibility of the main body of safety production, strengthen the supervision and management of accidents, prevent and reduce accidents, and ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
First, establish a competent accident risk assessment team.
Accident hidden danger assessment is a very detailed and tedious work, which requires a lot of time and energy to carry out this work. Therefore, it is better for the working group leader to be headed by the safety supervisor, so as to provide strong manpower and financial resources for the smooth development of the work. The members of the evaluation team should be composed of technicians with high working enthusiasm and strong professional quality, preferably full-time, so as to concentrate more on their work. Identifying and controlling potential hazards (or identifying and eliminating hidden dangers) in the production (engineering) system refers to finding out potential local faults that affect the overall situation and potential fuse accidents that can lead to major accidents in the production (engineering) system, and preparing emergency measures and implementing control. Only security experts can be competent.
Second, full participation must be achieved.
The ultimate goal of accident hidden danger identification and evaluation is to put an end to any accident. To achieve this goal, full participation is the key. The training, publicity and promotion team of the Safety Management Department should go deep into the grass roots, adopt various training methods, let all employees master the risk assessment method, carefully analyze the non-conformities existing in the operation activities, equipment and facilities and working environment of this post, make them clear about the hazards and risks around them, and achieve the purpose of "nip in the bud".
Third, hidden dangers investigation
Only by forming a long-term management mechanism can we achieve substantial results. The political movement in China has disappeared, but some governments are still more or less accustomed to the way of carrying out the movement. If the "Regulations on Safety Accident Supervision and Management" is implemented as a movement, it will have no practical effect. My view is to establish a long-term operation mechanism of hidden danger investigation with interaction, relative closure and collaborative matching among the upper, middle and grass-roots levels.
Four, the classification and investigation scope of hidden dangers of accidents
The hidden danger of accidents in production safety (hereinafter referred to as the hidden danger of accidents) refers to the fact that the production and business operation entities violate the provisions of laws, regulations, rules, standards, procedures and safety production management systems in production and business operation activities, or there are dangerous conditions of things that may lead to accidents, unsafe behaviors of people and management defects due to other factors. Accidents are divided into general accidents and major accidents. General accident hidden danger refers to the hidden danger that is less harmful and difficult to rectify, and can be rectified and eliminated immediately after being discovered. Major accident hidden danger refers to the hidden danger that is harmful and difficult to rectify, and should be completely or partially stopped, and can only be eliminated after a certain period of rectification, or the hidden danger that is difficult to eliminate by the production and business operation entity itself due to external factors. Hidden dangers belong to the specific quasi-accident system existing in the production system, mainly including the potential dangers of the production (engineering) system and the dangers of the dangerous engineering system. In this respect, the three levels of post, workshop and factory department are interactive, relatively closed and coordinated.
Specific classification and scope of investigation:
(1) Fire:
1. The field fire extinguishers are obsolete, the quantity, type and quality can't meet the requirements of fire regulations, and there is a lack of fire hoses and water guns.
2, fire and explosion-proof places (all kinds of oil depots, all kinds of gas cylinders, etc. ) explosion-proof switch, socket,
Lamps and lanterns, exhaust fans, operating tools, etc. , the lack of sufficient fire sand, fire fighting equipment and other necessary items.
3. Other fire hazards.
(2) explosion:
1. The strength, earthquake resistance and sealing performance of water cooling facilities of smelting furnace, heating furnace and ammonia cracking chamber are not up to standard, and monitoring and alarm facilities such as thermometer, pressure gauge and flowmeter are not set as required, and regular inspection is not carried out.
2. The flange of combustible gas pipeline and the shaft seal of gas equipment are not tight, and there is no leakage alarm device.
3. Lack of management system in important places of fire and explosion prevention.
4. Other explosion hazards.
(3) Poisoning and suffocation:
1. Dangerous places lack warning signs to prevent accidental entry, touching and eating.
2. Dangerous places are not equipped with rescue equipment as required.
3, other kinds of poisoning and suffocation.
(4) Mechanical injury:
1, the illumination of the operating point and operating area of the production equipment does not meet the requirements.
2. When the equipment is running, the operator needs to be close to the moving parts, and the necessary safety protection devices are not configured.
3. The field equipment and systems lack safety warning signs, the names of equipment, pipelines and valves are not perfect, and the flow direction of media is not perfect, which is easy to cause misoperation and interval error.
4, field equipment, system safety facilities, devices can't play a role.
5. Other hidden dangers of mechanical injury.
(5) Leakage:
1, liquid ammonia storage tank is damaged; The outlet valve of liquid ammonia storage tank is not tightly sealed and leaks; The joint and pressure gauge are not tightly sealed, resulting in leakage.
2. During transportation, the fuel tank of the transport vehicle is not tightly sealed.
3. Other hidden dangers.
(6) Corrosion:
1. During all kinds of acid preparation and pickling, there is no protective facility and acid splashes.
2. The acid mist produced in the production process corrodes equipment and buildings.
3. The damage of acid fog to human respiratory organs.
4. Other corrosion hazards.
(7) Electric shock:
1, the cable hole is not blocked; Failing to meet the requirements of cable fire prevention; There is serious water accumulation and leakage in the cable trench.
2, low-voltage power supply wiring does not meet the safety requirements, knife switches, sockets and wires are exposed, switches and sockets are not fixed, qualified fuses are not used as required, and the lighting junction box lacks a cover.
3. Motor, bench drill, grinder, dryer, cutting machine, etc. Lack of standardized grounding wire.
4. Other electric shock hazards.
(8) Falling:
1, the hole cover plate is missing or uneven, which can't meet the requirements of preventing people from falling.
2. The height or strength of platform railings, guard plates and safety nets do not meet the requirements or are missing, not fixed firmly and not recovered in time.
3. Other falling hazards.
(9) Other hidden dangers:
1 If new technologies and processes are adopted, or new equipment and materials are adopted, relevant operators and managers are not educated on new operation methods and accident prevention measures, and rules and regulations and operating procedures are not updated and revised in time.
2. The special equipment is not inspected regularly as required, and the hidden dangers found are not rectified on time.
3. Other hidden dangers.
Specific requirements for investigation and rectification
1, the accident will not end until hidden dangers are eliminated. All units should, in light of the actual situation of their own units, carefully investigate the hidden dangers of accidents, formulate feasible rectification measures for the hidden dangers of accidents, increase safety investment, speed up the technical transformation of safety, eliminate backward production capacity, clarify the division of labor, clarify responsibilities, pay close attention to implementation, and enhance the ability of accident prevention. To fully understand the seriousness and harmfulness of hidden dangers of accidents, the person in charge of the unit, the deputy in charge of safety and the safety officer should fully mobilize each team and every employee to actively find hidden dangers, organize rectification in time, check and correct themselves, and constantly eliminate hidden dangers.
2, the investigation of hidden dangers of accidents should be confirmed. Every month, the unit shall fill in the Summary of Accident Hidden Danger Investigation and Remediation, and report the accident hidden danger and remediation to the security department, which shall be signed and confirmed by the person in charge of the responsible unit.
3. The investigation and remediation of hidden dangers shall be classified according to the principle of territoriality, and the remediation period, responsible person, remediation measures and verifier shall be determined according to the classification of hidden dangers. The responsible person must be responsible for the rectification project. If the rectification is not in place and a safety accident is caused, the responsible person shall be held accountable.
4, general accident hidden danger requirements within seven days to complete the rectification;
Major accidents and particularly major accidents require immediate rectification.
5. The responsible unit shall make rectification in the form of Notice of Correction and Prevention of Non-conformance for the general hidden dangers of accidents found in daily inspection. The responsible unit shall report the major and particularly major hidden dangers of accidents found out in time, and the safety department shall issue a Notice on Correction and Prevention of Non-conformance.
6. When the hidden dangers of accidents involve the improvement of equipment system and technology, the responsible unit can submit a written report, and the security department will collect the improvement plans provided by relevant departments, which will be implemented by the responsible department.
7. Due to the large investment and complex renovation project, the responsible unit shall explain the situation in writing to the security department for the major and particularly serious accidents that have not been rectified within the prescribed time limit, and promise the rectification period.
The evaluation of hidden dangers of accidents must be realistic.
(A) the problems existing in the assessment of hidden dangers of accidents
The evaluation of accident hidden danger is the core of establishing and implementing safety management system. In the process of accident hidden danger assessment, the following problems often appear:
1, the incompleteness of incomplete accident hidden danger assessment mainly has two aspects:
First, in the stage of finding hidden dangers of accidents, analysts cannot guarantee to find out all hidden dangers of accidents; Secondly, there is no guarantee that all possible causes and consequences of accidents can be considered for the hidden dangers of accidents that have been discovered.
2. Subjectivity Due to the high subjectivity of accident potential assessment, the assessment results are closely related to the assumed conditions. Different evaluators may get different results when evaluating the same problem with the same data. Although there are many empirical prediction methods, the quality of accident hidden danger evaluation depends to a great extent on the correctness of judgment, especially the hypothetical conditions.
3. Fear mentality In the process of accident hidden danger assessment, especially the front-line workers don't understand the purpose and significance of the work, and think that finding out the problems existing in their posts may affect the honor of the unit or fear that the leaders will be held accountable, so they avoid the reality.
(2) Principles to be followed in the evaluation process.
In view of the above-mentioned limiting factors in accident hidden danger assessment, it is required that the accident hidden danger assessment personnel must conduct accident hidden danger assessment realistically, so that employees can truly understand the significance of accident hidden danger assessment. Only in this way can the conclusion be operable and provide scientific basis for future engineering control, administrative control and personnel control. Therefore, the assessment of hidden dangers of accidents should follow the principles of scientificity, systematicness, comprehensiveness and applicability.
1. Scientificity In the process of accident potential assessment, we must reflect the objective reality, that is, we can truly identify all the accident potential hazards existing in posts, operation activities, equipment and facilities. It should be admitted that many hidden dangers of accidents can be identified through experience or knowledge, but they are easily restricted by the existing technical level and influenced by the quality, professional limitations, mentality and concepts of analysts. In view of this situation, analysts can take the following ways to analyze:
A) Identify hidden dangers of accidents together with post personnel by means of inquiry and conversation, and find out existing hidden dangers;
B) Observe the site:
Through the on-site observation of the working environment, the hidden dangers of accidents are found, but the personnel engaged in on-site observation must have safety technical knowledge and master perfect occupational health and safety regulations and standards;
C) Obtain relevant records:
Consult the records of related accidents and occupational diseases, from which hidden dangers of accidents can be found;
D) obtaining external information:
Obtain hidden danger information from similar institutions, literature and expert consultation. And analyze it, you can identify the hidden dangers of accidents in the organization.
2. The hidden dangers of system accidents exist in all aspects of production activities. Only by dissecting the system in detail and studying the correlation and constraint relationship between the system and subsystems can the hidden dangers of accidents be identified to the maximum extent.
3. The objects of comprehensive system safety analysis and evaluation are very different, involving the management of people, things, environment and enterprises, and it is impossible to complete the task with a single method. For example, safety checklist (SCL) and failure mode (FMEA) can be used simultaneously when analyzing specific equipment; When repairing ammonia tanks, the methods of job hazard analysis (JHA) and pre-hazard analysis (PHA) can be used. Therefore, when evaluating, we should comprehensively consider and choose a variety of suitable evaluation methods to find out the hidden dangers of accidents to the maximum extent.
4, applicability system analysis and evaluation method should be suitable for the specific situation of the unit, that is, operability. The method should be simple, the conclusion should be clear and the effect should be remarkable, so that it can be easily accepted.
5. Accident potential assessment is an uninterrupted PDCA cycle process. According to the identified hidden dangers of accidents, the criteria for judging the possibility of dangerous events and the severity of consequences, combined with the actual situation of the unit, the hidden dangers of accidents are divided into three categories according to the nature and degree of possible harm:
General accident risk:
Refers to the hidden danger that may lead to general production safety accidents under certain conditions. Major accident hazards:
Refers to the hidden danger that may cause safety accidents at any time. Especially serious accident hidden danger:
Refers to the hidden dangers that may cause serious production safety accidents at any time, with obvious signs of accidents, which have endangered the lives and property of the country and people. According to different hidden dangers of accidents, management plans were made respectively, and a meaningful group day activity was held in Bantu Branch of Chemical Industry10/3 at 2:30 pm on February, 20xx:
How to prevent AIDS and how to treat AIDS patients.
The meeting began in a quiet and serious atmosphere. First of all, the Communist Youth League Secretary introduced the purpose and significance of this activity. Then, the monitor explained the relevant knowledge about AIDS and put forward some questions for everyone to answer. At the meeting, the students listened carefully and answered questions actively. This group day activity not only made the students learn some knowledge about AIDS prevention, but also made them show a little concern for AIDS patients. This is a very meaningful activity. Operation control document or emergency plan. After the completion of this work, it does not mean the end of the accident hidden danger evaluation work. As the production equipment, devices, processes, etc. change with time, new risk factors will be constantly generated during this period, which requires us to continuously evaluate the hidden dangers of accidents according to the PDCA management model of planning → implementation → verification → action, so as to nip new hazards in the bud, so this work is a continuous improvement process of PDCA cycle.
The sixth plenary session of the State Council Safety Committee decided to take 2008 as the "hidden danger management year" for safety production. On the basis of "year of implementation", "year of tackling key problems" and the initial achievements of the special actions in the previous stage, it is necessary to thoroughly publicize and widely mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, rely on the strength of the whole society, take the safety production policy as the guide, take laws, regulations, standards and rules as the basis, and focus on enterprises in high-risk industries such as coal mines to control major hidden dangers and prevent major accidents. It is necessary to comprehensively investigate the problems existing in the basic conditions for safe production, infrastructure, technical equipment, working environment, ideological style, rules and regulations, labor discipline, and on-site management. From the two main responsibilities of enterprise management and government supervision, hardware and software, all kinds of hidden dangers that may lead to accidents, especially serious accidents, are carefully managed to ensure production safety. Therefore, in the process of investigation and management of hidden dangers of production safety accidents, it cannot be done overnight. We should follow the management principle of "full staff, whole process, all-round and all-weather", constantly evaluate the hidden dangers of accidents in our work, minimize the occurrence of accidents, and achieve the goal of continuously improving the safety performance of enterprises.