The national revolution was carried out under the correct influence, promotion and organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s role was manifested through the organizational form of the revolutionary United front.

(1) Politically, China put forward the basic political program and slogan according to the historical development process. The "Second National Congress" formulated the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program, and Sun Yat-sen's new Three People's Principles became the political basis for the cooperation between the two parties. The problem of leadership is mainly political leadership, and the development of the Great Revolution was carried out in the direction guided by China.

(2) Organizationally, with the promotion, help and organization of China, a revolutionary united front of state-to-state cooperation was established, the Kuomintang was reorganized into an alliance of various revolutionary classes, the party's program was publicized through the organization form of the united front, the workers and peasants movement was actively carried out, and the development of the national revolutionary situation was promoted.

(3) In terms of mass movements, the workers' and peasants' movements during the Great Revolution basically started under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. The great revolution was characterized by mass movements. For example, the May 30th Movement, the recovery of Hankou, the British Concession in Jiujiang and Shanghai, and the Great Rural Revolution centered on Hunan dealt a heavy blow to the ruling foundation of imperialism and feudal warlords, and supported and cooperated with the Northern Expedition.

(4) Militarily, under the impetus of China, the revolutionary armed forces were established, the Huangpu Military Academy was founded, and the political work system was established in the National Revolutionary Army. China played an important role in the Northern Expedition. At that time, because China was still in the primary stage, and because of Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism, China's leading role in this period was insufficient and incomplete.

Fully understand the achievements of the first national cooperation.

The first cooperation between countries has two historic achievements: ① the rise of the national revolutionary movement. The main manifestations are as follows: under the influence of the revolutionary situation, the warlords became independent, Feng Yuxiang tended to revolution, staged a coup in Beijing and overthrew the directly controlled Beijing regime; When Sun Yat-sen went north, the National Conference Movement was launched all over the country. The rise and development of the workers and peasants movement; Guangdong revolutionary base areas have been consolidated. The favorable revolutionary situation caused by the rise of the national revolutionary movement created conditions for the Northern Expedition. (2) Make the Northern Expedition achieve initial victory. Sun and Wu were basically eliminated, and the revolution developed from the Pearl River basin to the Yangtze River basin, basically overthrowing the reactionary rule of the Beiyang warlords and dealing a heavy blow to imperialist and feudal forces.

The main reasons for the successful March in the Northern Expedition War

The cooperation between the two parties and the establishment of the revolutionary United front promoted the development of the revolutionary situation.

② Correct strategic deployment.

(3) The Northern Expeditionary Army was brave and good at fighting, especially * * * party member and its members played a vanguard and exemplary role.

(4) The masses of workers and peasants support and respond with great support.

⑤ The political and ideological work of the Northern Expeditionary Army was excellent.

6 Feng Yuxiang responded in the north.

⑦ Soviet help.

The main mistakes and harms of Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism.

Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism error has its profound ideological roots, both in theory and strategy. Specifically:

(1) advocated the "second revolution" and denied the leading position of the proletariat in the democratic revolution. Chen Duxiu thinks that the working class in China is naive and the peasant class is conservative, so it is impossible to become an independent revolutionary force. The bourgeoisie is more concentrated than farmers and richer than workers, which is the social foundation and leading force of the bourgeois revolution in China. Therefore, the bourgeois-democratic revolution should be carried out. At the third congress in the Communist Party of China (CPC), he advocated that "all work belongs to the Kuomintang", which is the natural leader of China's democratic revolution.

The future of revolution is the victory of the bourgeoisie, and the proletariat can only engage in socialist revolution in China where capitalism is highly developed. The essence of "the theory of the second revolution" is to regard China's democratic revolution as the old democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie and give up the leadership of the revolution, which became the theoretical basis of Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism.

(2) on the issue of the United front, give up China's leadership in the United front. Chen Duxiu adopted a capitulationist policy of "all unite and deny struggle" against the bourgeoisie, and thought that only adopting a concession policy could show that the producers of * * * had no attempt to seize power, and could reassure Chiang Kai-shek and other Kuomintang leaders that the cooperation between the two countries would not break down. In fact, Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang Rightists used Chen Duxiu's compromise and concession to weaken the position and influence of the * * * production party in the United front, thus making all preparations for launching a surprise attack.

(3) On the issue of peasants, they denied the main role of peasants in the democratic revolution and suppressed the peasant movement. Chen Duxiu put forward various restrictions on the booming peasant movement, opposed to solving the problem of peasant land, and accused the peasant movement, thus making the proletariat lose its reliable allies.

On the issue of the army, we neglected the importance of mastering the army and didn't know how to master the leadership of the army. Chen Duxiu tried to limit the armed forces of workers and peasants. Jiang and Wang rebelled, and China was unable to organize effective resistance, which eventually led to the failure of the Great Revolution.

Comparison between the Revolution of 1911 and the National Revolution

Similarities: ① The same background-all happened in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China.

(2) the revolutionary tasks are the same-they all shoulder the revolutionary tasks of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, and the struggle is aimed at the agents fostered by imperialism.

(3) The nature of the revolution is the same-both belong to the bourgeois-democratic revolution.

(4) The reasons for failure are all the same-they are all due to imperialist interference, collusion between Chinese and foreign reactionary forces, and weak compromise of revolutionaries.

(5) The meaning is the same-both have dealt a heavy blow to imperialist and feudal forces.

Differences: ① Different backgrounds: The Revolution of 1911 took place during the old democratic revolution; The national revolution took place during the new-democratic revolution.

② Different leadership classes: The Revolution of 1911 was led by the national bourgeoisie; The national revolution was carried out with the cooperation of the state and under the leadership of the revolutionary United front.

③ Different mass bases: The Revolution of 1911 mainly relied on the national bourgeoisie, communist party and the new army; The national revolution is mainly composed of peasant class, working class, national bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie.

④ Different objects of struggle: The Revolution of 1911 aimed at overthrowing the decadent rule of the Qing Dynasty; The national revolution wants to overthrow the reactionary dictatorship of the northern warlords.

⑤ Different revolutionary achievements: The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the feudal monarchy; The national revolution basically overthrew the rule of the northern warlords.

Lessons from the failure of the Great Revolution

(1) * * * If the production party wants to lead the people to win the revolution, it must adhere to the leadership of the proletariat over the revolution. In the later period of the Great Revolution, Chen Duxiu's right capitulationists emphasized that "all work belongs to the Kuomintang" on the issue of the United front, and adopted a right-wing policy of "all unity and denial of struggle" against the bourgeoisie, so as to abandon the leadership of the proletariat, suppress the workers and peasants' movement and maintain national cooperation at the expense of their fundamental interests. 1April, 927, when Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary activities were already obvious, he and Wang Jingwei issued a joint declaration, asking workers not to listen to "rumors" such as "Kuomintang leaders will expel the * * * production party and oppress trade unions and workers' pickets" in an attempt to hold Chiang Kai-shek back. In fact, it is to whitewash Chiang Kai-shek and paralyze the revolutionary people. After Chiang Kai-shek's mutiny, he touted Wang Jingwei as the left-wing "central leader" of the Kuomintang, which led to the failure of the revolution.

(2) * * * To lead the people to win the revolution, the production party must also build revolutionary armed forces and persist in armed struggle. Compromise and concession will only destroy the revolution. The main form of China's revolution can only be armed revolution against armed counter-revolution. Without the revolutionary army led by the party, there would be no status of the producer party and no victory of the revolution. On the issue of armed struggle, Chen Duxiu continued to oppose the establishment of the people's army under the leadership of the Party and suppressed the armed forces of workers and peasants. As a result, when Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei rebelled against the revolution and launched a massacre, they could not and could not organize effective resistance, which eventually led to the failure of the Great Revolution.

The significance of the great revolution

(1) It dealt a heavy blow to the ruling forces of imperialism and feudalism, and the level of consciousness and organization of the people of China was significantly improved. In fact, this is a great exercise to meet the victory of the future revolution. Because it was in this period that China producers began to explore the road of Marxism in China, initially put forward the basic idea of a new-democratic revolution led by the proletariat, the masses, anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, learned serious historical lessons from the failure of the Great Revolution, and began to realize the importance of carrying out the agrarian revolution and mastering revolutionary armed forces. It is precisely because of the Great Revolution that the people's consciousness and organizational level in China have improved significantly, and the China * * * production party began to master some revolutionary armed forces. All these have prepared the necessary conditions for pushing the China revolution to a new stage-the stage of agrarian revolutionary war.

(2) It expanded the political influence of China * * * Party among the people of China, publicized the Party's program in the stage of democratic revolution, and made China * * * Party undergo the baptism of a great revolution and accumulated preliminary experience.