1. Cold wave
Experts suggest that the cold wave is a strong cold air activity that attacks from polar regions or cold zones to low latitudes. The cold wave struck and the weather changed suddenly. At this time, we should learn relevant protection knowledge to resist the strong wind, blizzard and cooling weather brought by the cold wave.
Related knowledge: ① Cold wave will lead to a sudden drop in temperature. Sometimes the temperature will drop to about MINUS 30 degrees. (2) With the strong wind and heavy snow, 2 meters deep snow can appear in many places. Trains and trams can be derailed. Due to transportation difficulties, the energy supply is threatened. Many wild animals will freeze to death.
2. In what season does the cold wave occur?
The annual variation of cold wave activity is obvious. From late autumn to early spring every year, most parts of China often encounter cold waves.
Related knowledge: ① In spring and autumn, the cold wave will also bring sand blowing and sandstorm. (2) Due to the cold wave in spring and autumn, some people with weak constitution will get sick due to the sudden drop of temperature. ③ Cold wave warning standard: China's Central Meteorological Observatory stipulates that the cold air intrusion will cause the temperature to drop above 10℃ and the minimum temperature to drop below 5℃ within 24 hours, which is the standard for issuing cold wave warning.
3. What should I do if the south encounters a cold wave?
There are only a few cold waves in southern China every year, mainly from 65438+February to the following February.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Residents should strengthen the protection of doors and windows, because many areas in the south have no indoor heating equipment, so they should pay attention to heat preservation. When it was warm and cold, people in most parts of the south were already wearing spring clothes. If the cold wave comes at this time, you must pay attention to warm clothes. The cold wave in the south is different from that in the north, because it is very cold because of the humid climate. So when the cold wave strikes, go to outdoor activities less.
4. What preparations should citizens make after receiving the cold wave forecast?
Citizens should be prepared early when they receive the cold wave warning signal.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Pay attention to keep warm, especially the elderly and children with weak constitution, and prepare for the cold as soon as possible. (2) Do a good job of lightning protection. (3) Take measures against wind, cold and freezing. ④ Patients should prepare drugs as soon as possible.
5. How should urban residents cope with the cold wave?
Low temperature is a great threat to human body. First, cold can directly cause diseases, such as frostbite; Second, it can indirectly aggravate the condition of patients with chronic diseases, and can also induce sudden diseases.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Pay attention to the local weather forecast and make all kinds of cold and warm preparations before the arrival of the cold wave. ② The frail old people, pregnant women, parturient women and children have poor tolerance to cold and are more likely to get sick. If you find the illness, seek medical advice in time. (3) Wear a mask when going out, and clothes should also be mainly cotton-padded jackets with strong warmth. When the cold wave comes, it will not only bring strong winds and cool weather, but also bring trouble to traffic, so pay special attention to traffic safety when traveling.
6. When the cold wave comes, how can children avoid being frostbitten and frozen?
Children are playful by nature, so they should pay attention to self-protection when the cold wave comes.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Make a snowman and have a snowball fight in the snow for no more than 10 minute. (2) When playing downstairs, be careful to be injured by unstable objects upstairs and keep a distance from the building. (3) When chasing in the snow, don't run to the road to avoid being injured by vehicles. ④ Keep warm when playing, especially hands, face and ears to avoid frostbite. ⑤ Don't travel far in snowy days to prevent getting lost. ⑥ Stay away from all kinds of vehicles in snowy days.
7. How to resist the cold wave on the way to work?
Because office workers are busy with their work and neglect their health, they should remind everyone to take precautions when the cold wave comes.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① The correct way is to wear good clothes to keep warm, keep the room temperature of the working environment stable, and prevent catching cold on the way to and from work. (2) Stay away from windproof doors and windows in the snow to avoid being hit by wind-blown debris. ③ When taking the bus, you should pay attention to stop in the snow before getting on the bus, otherwise you may be injured due to wheel slipping. 4 The weather is cold, and the diet must pay attention to the nutritional collocation to ensure the nutritional intake of the body. ⑤ Before the cold wave comes, first arrange the food, clothing, housing and transportation for the elderly and children at home to ensure their safety.
8. How to avoid traffic accidents during the cold wave?
Due to the cold wave, roads are frozen and covered with snow, and traffic accidents occur from time to time. Therefore, we should strengthen self-protection when traveling abroad.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Motor vehicles driving on the road should control their speed, drive slowly and avoid sudden braking. Road icing will cause wheel skidding, causing traffic accidents and traffic jams. ② Automobile tires can be equipped with snow chains on the road. (3) When visibility is reduced due to heavy snow, railways, highways and airports will be temporarily closed to avoid accidents. (4) when people walk against the snow, they should walk slowly and look up at the car.
9. How do outdoor workers avoid the cold wave?
In case of bad weather, many outdoor jobs should be stopped to ensure the safety of workers.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Construction enterprises should strengthen anti-skid measures for outdoor work and aerial work. On-site springboard, scaffolding, ladders, platforms and all kinds of equipment should be cleared of ice and snow by designated personnel to prevent workers from mechanical accidents and falling from heights due to ground sliding. (2) After the occurrence of bad weather, the accumulated water and snow on the construction site should be removed in time, and the normal construction can only be carried out after effective anti-freezing and anti-skid measures are taken. (3) Ships should avoid the wind. (4) Outdoor personnel such as high altitude and water should stop working and wait in an indoor safe place as much as possible. Pay attention to the latest news of the weather forecast so as to take further measures.
10. How to avoid other accidents when the cold wave comes?
Those who are weak should pay attention to cold protection, and those who suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should prevent accidents.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Cold wave is the main cause of blood pressure fluctuation and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. (2) The sudden drop in temperature causes the road to freeze, the car breaks down, and the tire puncture happens from time to time. Drivers should check the oil, water and circuits of vehicles to avoid traffic accidents. (3) The water supply pipeline equipment shall be protected from freezing and warmth to prevent accidents in the water supply system. (4) Pedestrians should pay attention to traffic. The safe distance between man and car is several times longer than usual in snowy days. Be extra careful when crossing the road and bridge to prevent accidents. ⑤ Reinforce doors and windows, billboards, light boxes, hoardings, scaffolding, etc. To avoid being blown down by strong winds and causing accidents.
1 1. What should I pay attention to in cold wave heating?
Whenever a cold wave strikes, carbon monoxide poisoning incidents will continue to occur. Therefore, when the cold wave comes, residents should take precautions. If you have a headache, vomiting, dizziness, etc. During heating, doors and windows should be opened immediately for ventilation.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Indoor ventilation should be maintained during heating. ② Correct use of water heater and gas. Because the temperature is low in winter and the indoor air does not flow, it is easy to cause insufficient oxygen. If the water heater or gas stove is installed indoors, carbon monoxide poisoning may occur. (3) Because carbon monoxide is the invisible killer of heating in winter, special attention should be paid when the climate is abnormal and the air pressure is low. Before going to bed at night, the coal in the furnace hall should be hollowed out to prevent the oil smoke from flowing backwards in the middle of the night. (4) When the air pressure is low, the meteorological department and the environmental protection department should promptly remind the public to take precautions against carbon monoxide poisoning. ⑤ When the cold wave strikes, you should also prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when using the car, and don't turn on the air conditioner for too long when parking. Because after parking, the carbon monoxide emitted by the engine gathers in the car, which is easy to cause poisoning. You should open the window to ventilate.
Second, the protective measures of snowstorm
1. How do urban residents cope with the disasters caused by snowstorms?
Snowstorms seriously affect or even destroy traffic, transmission lines and urban water supply systems, posing a threat to human safety and life.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① The family can prepare food and water for several days in advance. ② Prepare enough warm clothes and bedding. ③ Prepare candles and emergency lights for lighting. (4) All kinds of standing medicines. ⑤ Prepare cold-proof and non-slip shoes to ensure travel safety.
2. What should residents living in bungalows do when they encounter heavy snow?
When heavy snow comes, residents living in bungalows should pay more attention to prevention.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① After receiving the yellow warning of heavy snow, residents living in bungalows should prepare enough drinking water and protect indoor and outdoor water pipes with cotton cloth to prevent freezing. ② Manage and discharge domestic garbage and sewage. ③ Reinforce the roof of the bungalow to prevent it from being collapsed by snow. (4) When there is snow, it is forbidden to repair the roof against the strong wind, which is prone to danger. (5) When heating, carbon monoxide poisoning should be prevented. Because of the heavy snow cover, it will lead to the backward flow of kitchen smoke, causing gas poisoning. In order to prevent electric shock, snowstorm will bring trouble to normal power transmission. Residents of bungalows should be careful that the wires are broken by the wind or crushed by snow, and they should be more careful when entering and leaving the house.
3. What should I do if I fall into a snow pit in the forest?
Don't panic.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① When walking in the snow, first explore the road with branches. (2) It is forbidden to leave the ski run when skiing, and it is forbidden to ski after drinking. (3) At the moment of falling, hold your breath to avoid ice and snow pouring into your throat and lungs, causing suffocation. (4) Companions can pull it up with branches, sticks and ropes. If you accidentally fall into a snow hole while traveling in the wild, and no one can save you, if you have a waterproof sleeping bag, you should use it immediately. 6. Try to climb to the surface of the snow.
4. How to avoid the cold when encountering snow in the wild?
Be sure to wear warm clothes and bring enough warm clothes before you leave.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Try to send SOS distress signals during the day; At night, you have to dig a snow hole for the night. ② When digging a snow hole, it is best to bend slightly between the entrance and the hiding place, and then block the hole with branches or cotton cloth. (3) Care should be taken not to run out of physical strength and make the whole body wet, because after clothes are wet, they can not only keep warm, but also easily freeze people.
5. How to build a cold shelter in the wild?
You should take waterproof matches, candles, sunglasses and tarpaulins for building shacks with you before entering cold areas and snow.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Build shacks or snow caves as soon as possible to keep out the cold. ② The best safe place should be considered when building. Never put a shed where an avalanche may occur. You should choose a ridge covered with big trees. ④ Choose a flat land, make a fire to heat food and ask for help. ⑤ Avoid the lee of the cliff, because on this terrain, the wind will soon blow a lot of snow and bury the tent. 6. Where the snow layer is thin, the snow at the erection point should be swept away first, and where the snow layer is deep, the snow should be compacted and leveled. If you don't move for a while, dig a hole in the snow and bury a tent, which can better resist the cold wind. ⑦ Set up a tent in the open space, and erect a snow wall on the windward side to keep out the cold, which is convenient for making a fire and cooking.
6. How to ask for help when encountering snow in the wild?
Mobile phones in the wild may not have a signal, and computers may not have Internet. Always carry a walkie-talkie and ask for help in time.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Take a walkie-talkie with you to get in touch with the outside world. ② Bring a flashlight. If the bus is blocked by snow in the wild, you can ask the traffic management department for help through your mobile phone. If the camp is close to the village, you can ask the villagers for help. ⑤ Stay as close to the road as possible and ask for help from passing vehicles. 6. If you are in Xue Hai, you can light branches and put wet firewood on the fire to ensure that it smokes; You can put some dry wood at night. The bigger the fire, the better. Igniting three flames is an international distress signal. Make the fire into a triangle, preferably with the same distance between piles. ⑦ Ground-to-air signal, which can be filled on the ground, is an international emergency distress signal. Each letter is10m long, 3m wide and 3m wide. ⑧ Voice call for help. You can shout or make a sound with the help of other objects, such as sticks and cans.
7. How to deal with frostbite in the snow?
Frostbite refers to an injury accident caused by people being in a low temperature environment for a long time. Restoring blood circulation in frostbite area is the primary goal of treatment.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Frostbite mainly occurs in the hands, feet, ears and other parts of the human body, so cashmere products or down products with good thermal insulation should be selected to keep warm in the snow. (2) To deal with frostbite, first of all, let patients get out of the cold environment as soon as possible, quickly take off cold and wet clothes, and pay attention to keep warm. It is necessary to provide heat in various ways. ③ Warm the frostbitten area with warm water or the body temperature of the rescuer until the blood color recovers. Never rub or massage the frostbitten area. ④ Raising the frostbitten area can reduce swelling and pain. ⑤ Mild frostbite can be relieved by frostbite cream. ⑥ For severe frostbite, wrong methods such as snow rubbing, cold water soaking and direct fire baking should be avoided. The frozen part should be soaked in warm water of 40℃-42℃ to make it melt and heat up quickly, and then sent to hospital for treatment quickly.
8. What should I do if the car encounters a snowstorm while driving?
Cars will "break down" because of snow, especially long-distance buses should try their best to ensure the safety of passengers in the snow.
Key points of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Close the window and keep the temperature inside the car. (2) The transportation company should urgently start the bad weather plan, pump out ordinary diesel oil that is not suitable for ultra-low temperature and replace it with antifreeze diesel oil. ③ It is difficult to start on the icy road. You can put some weeds, sacks, branches and other things under the wheels. If it still doesn't work, don't start it forcibly to avoid damaging the tires or the engine.
9. How to deal with snow when traveling abroad?
Heavy snow may lead to the closure of many highways in snowfall areas, and buses, trains and airports may be delayed to varying degrees or take shutdown measures.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Travel to the north should avoid the cold and frozen period, because it is ice and snow at this time, the mountains are closed with snow, and the roads are impassable, which is not suitable for tourism activities. Take part in the ice and snow festival, and wear more clothes to keep warm. ② When traveling in ice and snow, you should apply antifreeze ointment to exposed parts such as face, ears, nose and hands, and don't wear shoes and socks too tightly. (3) During the rest on the way, Qin Ying changed his shoes and socks and washed his feet with warm water. Never travel in the wild when you are hungry and exhausted. ⑤ In case of frostbite, it should be broken by itself, not intentionally, and disinfected after breaking. When traveling in the snow, you should know the direction so as not to get lost. Driving in snowy days is easy to get out of control, so drivers should pay special attention.
10. How to keep warm in the snow
Staying in a cold environment for too long in winter can cause heart disease, flu, bronchitis and so on. So you should pay attention to keep warm.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① If camping in the snow, clothes should be put in sleeping bags, and wool hats and socks must be worn. Fill some soft clothes in the sleeping bag, and fill the gap in the sleeping bag when sleeping, which is easy to keep warm. You'd better have a hot drink before going to bed. The tent should be a special cold-proof tent. 2 use clothes to keep out the cold, and the outermost clothes should be windproof; A relatively stagnant air layer is formed inside the down jacket, which has good warmth retention; Underwear should be soft, moisture-absorbing, breathable, warm and dry clothes. (3) It is best not to expose the skin in snowy days to avoid frostbite. Wear cotton gloves and earmuffs. It is forbidden to wear soft-soled low-heeled shoes or multi-layer sweaters and coats, because these are not warm, waterproof and windproof.
1 1. How to prevent dehydration in snow?
The possibility of severe dehydration, frostbite and freezing in the snow is greatly increased.
Main points of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Save energy in snow to prevent dehydration due to excessive loss. ② When entering the snowy mountain plateau, many climbers consciously dehydrate themselves in order to reduce intracranial pressure and prevent brain edema. This method should not be advocated. The correct way is to carry a water bottle with you and drink less, but you can't resist not drinking, otherwise it will endanger your life. (3) When replenishing water, don't drink too much at a time, and take a sip of water every 5 minutes.
12. How to avoid snow blindness in the destroyer Xuefeng
The main cause of snow blindness is that the eyes are completely exposed to snow, which is caused by the reflex stimulation of snow.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① In order to prevent snow blindness at high altitude, goggles must be worn to block ultraviolet rays. These goggles must be able to filter more than 90% ultraviolet rays, thus reducing the stimulation of reflected light in snow. Wear a pair of yellow-green or brown goggles when traveling, which can block ultraviolet rays and enjoy the beautiful snow scene. ③ If you don't wear goggles in the snow, you can use cardboard or sawdust as simple goggles.
13. What should I do if I am buried by snow?
When the body is buried in the snow, it needs to be quickly put into a standing position.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① If you fall into a snow pit or are buried by heavy snow, try to keep your body standing at this time and rush out of the surface of the new snow layer with your hands and all your strength. Keep breathing smoothly. (2) If you have a companion, you can use a cane or stick in your hand to try to let your companion find it in time. If you can't climb out of the snow, you should reduce your activities, slow down your breathing and save your strength.
14. How to walk in the snow and ice
When encountering icy roads, go slow; Unfortunately, if you fall, try to support the ground with your hands and elbows to reduce the impact of your body hitting the ice.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Walking in the snow, don't lift heavy objects. Don't put your hands in your pockets. Swing your hands back and forth to balance. ③ Wear shoes with anti-slip function or rough soles. (4) When walking in the snow, wear goggles to protect your eyes.