In December of the third year of Chuping (192), the main force of Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army surrendered unconditionally to Cao (not defeated and surrendered). After the defection, the Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army, including family members, numbered more than one million, of which tens of thousands were physically strong and were incorporated into the relatively independent "Qingzhou Soldiers" by Cao Cao. As for the Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army, which was not accepted as a soldier, it concentrated on agricultural production and made rear supplies. Under Cao Cao's management, Qingzhou soldiers were not the same as the former refugee armed forces, and soon they went into battle.

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When Cao Cao had just defeated the Yellow Scarf Army, Gongsun Zan, at the request of Yuan Shu, sent Liu Beitun Gaotang, Shanjingtun Plain and his ally Tao Qian Tunfa to threaten Yuan Shao who occupied Jizhou. This should be the first battle of Qingzhou soldiers.

At that time, Tao Qian's army was stationed in the jurisdiction of Dong Jun, and the plain and Gaotang were also adjacent to northern Hebei. So Cao Cao and Yuan Shao carried out a north-south attack. As a result, Yuan Shu's encirclement was completely broken, and this World War I was probably the beginning of Cao Cao's enmity with Tao Qian.

At the same time, Qingzhou soldiers are developing in the direction of professionalism and internationalization. Father and son are soldiers one after another, and generations are soldiers. Relevant historical data show that Qingzhou soldiers have existed for at least 28 years (192-220 years) since they were incorporated in December of the third year of Chuping. If it weren't for generations, this team wouldn't have lasted that long. But how did this army perish? Nobody knows. Some people say that this team has become the second batch of battlefield military households in 200 years. Maybe, but there is no way to prove it.

But when Qingzhou soldiers were alive, one thing was 100% certain, that is, Qingzhou soldiers would only listen to Cao Cao's orders. Therefore, when Cao Cao gang died in the first month of the 25th year of Jian 'an (220), the soldiers in Qingzhou, Luoyang "thought that there was chaos in the world, and they all beat the drums and left", and they simply did not want to listen to other people's commands, including Cao Pi, Cao Cao's successor, which caused great confusion in a short time. If they don't handle their own affairs properly, they may even lead to more serious unrest. But from another angle, Cao Cao still has some charm.

Qingzhou Yuan Bing Laikao Editor

"Chase the yellow turban insurrectionary to the north. In winter, 300,000 soldiers were dropped, with more than one million men and women. Those who accept their elite are called Qingzhou soldiers. " -"Three Kingdoms Shu Wei and the First Emperor Wu Ji"

Chen Shou is a famous historian. In just two sentences, he explained the origin and composition of Qingzhou soldiers very clearly, without any ambiguous contradictions.

Some people think that the historical records are very general, saying that Cao Cao surrendered more than 300,000 able-bodied men and formed the "Qingzhou Army", which is a lack of detailed textual research in the historical records. In fact, about 1 10,000 people surrendered to Cao Cao, including 300,000 people in the Yellow Scarf Army, including young and strong men (later the main body of Qingzhou soldiers), old and weak foot soldiers and young "baby soldiers". In view of the previous defeat in attacking Xu Rong and Yangzhou soldiers rebelled, Cao Cao put the fighting capacity and loyalty of foot soldiers in the first place, and Qingzhou soldiers were as brave and invincible as tooth soldiers. It is conceivable that Qingzhou foot soldiers must have gone through quite strict selection, and eventually tens of thousands of people were brought into the formal military system. In order to dispel the worries of foot soldiers and establish a relatively stable logistics base, the rest of the people, including the families of Qingzhou soldiers, were arranged to settle the field and provide food and grass support for the army.

Mr. Gao Min, a historian, thinks in his book "Research on Military System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" that there is no so-called "religious freedom" because they basically broke away from the Yellow Scarf School after surrender. The yellow turban insurrectionary religion is just a slogan to woo rebellion, just like the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in later generations. Once ordinary people can live and work in peace and contentment, the religion of the Yellow turban insurrectionary has no attraction for them.

After their surrender, they changed from unorganized and undisciplined idlers to well-trained effective troops, which made great contributions to Cao Cao's career. They inherited their father's footsteps and existed for a long time. The name Qingzhou Bing has existed for 28 years. After Cao Cao's death, they thought they had lost their loyalty to the leader, and there was no such wise person to lead them, so they asked for decentralization. At that time, Jia Kui was a doctor and a very talented person. In order to prevent them from rebelling, he provided them with food and money and let them go home unconditionally. After the last visit to the imperial court, this army, which made great contributions to Cao Wei, mostly returned to the fields and lived a leisurely farm life.