19 12, geologist Zhang first called for the establishment of geological survey; In the same year, Gaul set out to organize a central observatory; 1928, with the efforts of the famous educator Cai Yuanpei and others, Academia Sinica was established, followed by Peiping Research Institute and various research institutes, and several private research institutions were also established. The establishment of the Institute is an epoch-making event in the history of science and technology in China. It shows that China has formed a professional scientific and technological team, which is the backbone of establishing and developing modern science and technology in China and the guarantee of reviving science and technology in China.
During the period from 19 12 to 1937, but in 25 years, more than 1 10 societies (excluding medical science) appeared, involving a wide range of modern science and technology. Some disciplines, such as geology, meteorology, physics, etc., have made a number of achievements with the international advanced level at that time in individual fields. In engineering technology, it can imitate 10,000-ton ships, more advanced planes, automobiles and various machine tools. Engineers in China have mastered the technology of building high-rise buildings with reinforced concrete and built the Qiantang River Bridge with international standards. China's modern science and technology was established and developed in this period, which greatly shortened the gap between China and the West in science and technology. This period is undoubtedly of special significance in the history of science and technology in China.
In the 1920s, the institutes of Academia Sinica made remarkable achievements in the following 20 years. From 1928 to 1929, the Institute of Historical Languages excavated the Yin Ruins in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, and found a large number of bronze wares and Oracle Bone Inscriptions of the Yin Dynasty, which made the ancient history of China a thousand years, became a major event in the archaeological history of China and the world, and marked the maturity of modern archaeological science in China.
In the early 1930s, the Quaternary glacial remains in China were discovered in Lushan and other places. The Institute of Physics conducted research on electricity, magnetism and optics, and later started research on nuclear physics, metallography, crystallography and short wave.
The Institute of Chemistry focuses on molecular spectrum, chemical analysis of sex hormones and Chinese medicine components, properties of chemical glass and utilization of Pingyang alum mine.
The research of Institute of Mathematics mainly focuses on modern mathematical theory, including number theory, algebra, differential geometry, topology, series theory and mathematical statistics. The Institute of Astronomy established the Purple Mountain Observatory, compiled the national calendar, and issued the Nanjing time service, focusing on observing the orientation and shape of stars, comets, sunspots, eclipses and other celestial bodies.
The Institute of Meteorology has observed and studied the laws of climate change in China, and Zhu Kezhen's research on rainfall and typhoon in China has attracted the attention of the international meteorological community. The Institute of Zoology conducted taxonomic research on animals, and later focused on fish biology, entomology, parasitology, protozoology and laboratory animal science, and also investigated the physical and chemical properties of Shandong marine and plankton. The Institute of Botany has carried out research on plant taxonomy, phycology, mycology, forestry, plant physiology, plant morphology, plant pathology and cytogenetics.