1In September, 949, people from all walks of life in Beiping celebrated the success of the CPPCC meeting in front of Xinhua, Zhongnanhai.
The film "The Founding of the People's Republic of China" starring many stars will be grandly released in mid-September.
This film commemorating the 60th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) tells people about the history that shocked the world on the land of China, with Mao Zedong and other founding fathers joining forces with democratic parties and people's organizations to convene the China People's Political Consultative Conference (hereinafter referred to as the new CPPCC) and form a new government as the main story.
However, movies are movies after all. Behind the founding of the great new China, in that era of fierce ambition and turmoil, the true story of a generation of * * * and the founding fathers pioneering the great new China can even shock us.
* * * The Central Committee issued the "May Day slogan".
From 65438 to 0948, the People's Liberation Army won on the battlefield, the China revolution entered a new climax, and the people's political power was about to be established. China and even the whole world are speculating: What kind of regime will China's * * * production party form?
How to form a new regime, China * * * production party is ready. 1945 At the Seventh National Congress of China, Mao Zedong proposed in his report: "Abolish the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang and establish a democratic Coalition government." He also designed two steps to realize the democratic Coalition government: first, "to establish a temporary Coalition government through the agreement of representatives of all parties and non-parties"; Second, "after free and unfettered elections, convene a national assembly to form a formal Coalition government." Under the pressure of the people all over the country, the Kuomintang made a compromise on the surface. During the period of 1946, a multi-party political consultative conference was held in Chongqing to discuss the formation of a Coalition government.
But Chiang Kai-shek, who monopolized the power, quickly tore up the contract and provoked a national civil war. 1 May, 9481day, the Nanjing National Congress closed, and Chiang Kai-shek was elected president with a "high vote". On the same day, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Daily published the "May Day Slogan" (also known as the "May Day Call") issued by the Central Committee on the front page. The next day, People's Daily was published in full. The slogan solemnly put forward: "All democratic parties, people's organizations and social elites quickly convened a political consultation meeting to discuss the realization of convening a people's congress and establishing a democratic Coalition government."
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's "May 1st Slogan" quickly received enthusiastic response from democratic parties and personages. Five days later, Democrats Li, He Xiangning, Shen Junru, Zhang Boju, Ma Xulun, Cai Tingkai and Guo Moruo, a non-party personage, jointly called and thought that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's call was "suitable for the requirements of the people's current situation". At the same time, they sent a telegram calling on domestic colleagues and overseas Chinese to "work together to achieve great things."
The Book of Heaven was sent to Mao Zedong.
In order to discuss the convening of the new CPPCC with the democratic parties, Zhou Enlai took great pains to carefully consider how to bring the democratic people from all over the country safely to the liberated areas.
In the following months, under the careful arrangement of the Central Committee, a large number of Democrats such as Shen Junru, Zhang Boju, Cai Tingkai, Ma Xulun and Guo Moruo overcame many obstacles and arrived in the liberated areas in three batches.
1949 In March, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee approved the proposal of establishing a new political consultative conference and a democratic coalition government. Soon, with the breakdown of peace talks in Beiping and the successive liberation of Nanjing and Shanghai, the preparations for the new CPPCC were soon put on the agenda.
On June 1949 and 1 1, the first preparatory meeting for the new CPPCC was held in Mao Zedong's residence in Xiangshan. The meeting generally agreed on the participants, numbers and candidates of the preparatory meeting for the new CPPCC, as well as the participants and numbers of the new CPPCC conference. /kloc-On the evening of 0/5, the first plenary meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the new CPPCC opened in the Qin Zheng Hall of Zhongnanhai, Beiping. Attending the meeting were 134 representatives from 23 units, including 43 from party member, 48 from progressives and 43 from the middle, of which only 16 came from the center right, and among the progressives were 15 from the secret party member. * * * The production party can guarantee absolute leadership over the preparatory meeting of the CPPCC. "The next day, the Preparatory Committee passed the Standing Committee composed of 265,438+0 people through consultation, and was elected as the director of the Standing Committee, while Shen Junru, Guo Moruo and Chen Shutong were deputy directors.
Subsequently, the Standing Committee of the Preparatory Committee for the new CPPCC began to determine the candidates to participate in the new CPPCC. After nearly three months of hard research and consultation, the list of 662 delegates was finally determined. Among them, party member produced by * * * accounts for about 44%, workers and peasants and representatives without party affiliation account for about 26%, and representatives of democratic parties account for about 30%. In non-party member, progressives account for about13, and progressives from party member, Canada, Africa and party member account for about 2/3 of the total. This not only ensures the leadership of the * * * production party, but also widely unites non-party people. At that time, the Central United Front Work Department printed a thick list of candidates and various statistical data for the new CPPCC. After reading it, Mao Zedong joked that it was a "gobbledygook".
In the grand lineup of 662 people, "including the democratic parties, the army and people's organizations, representatives of various regions and ethnic groups. In terms of class composition, it includes workers, peasants, national capitalists and petty-bourgeois intellectuals; As far as the revolutionary history of China is concerned, there are participants and leaders from the coup of 1898, the Revolution of 1911 and the May 4th Movement to the 1924 Revolution. From the representative age, there are 92-year-olds and 2 1 year-olds; In terms of faith, it has materialistic philosophers, scientists, writers and artists, politicians, as well as Christians, Buddhists and Muslims who are deeply religious; Judging from the areas where they live, there are overseas Chinese leaders who have ventured back from the ends of the earth, as well as Miao, Yi, Li and Tibetan compatriots who are far away in the mainland ... They all hold the same mood of abandoning old China and building a new China ... and unite around the China * * * production party as never before. "
"We stand up."
With the implementation of various tasks one by one, the opening of the new CPPCC meeting of China People's Political Consultative Conference entered the countdown.
1949 On the evening of September 2 1, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference was grandly opened in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. 634 representatives of political parties and organizations and 300 guests attended the opening ceremony. When Mao Zedong solemnly announced in a calm and slow tone that "our work will be written into human history ... our nation will no longer be an insulted nation, and we stand up", all eyes in the meeting room were filled with tears.
At 8 o'clock on the evening of September 25th, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai invited Guo Moruo, Shen Yanbing, Huang Yanpei, Tian Han, Liang Sicheng and others 18 to hold a meeting in Fengzeyuan, Zhongnanhai to discuss the determination of the national flag, national anthem, title and date. Just as everyone was deep in thought, a tall, thin middle-aged man stood up and broke the silence: "Where is march of the volunteers?" This man is the famous painter Xu Beihong. Zhou Enlai smell speech, immediately expressed support. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect, also stood up and spoke: "I agree with Mr. Xu Beihong's suggestion." Then, everyone spoke in succession and put forward their own views. After discussion, most people tend to take March of the Volunteers as the national anthem before it is decided. Finally, Mao Zedong said, "Everyone thinks that March of the Volunteers is the best national anthem. I think it's settled. " Hardly had his voice fallen when warm applause broke out in the room. At the end of the meeting, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai suggested that everyone should sing march of the volunteers. There is a loud and passionate song in Fengze Garden.
On September 27th, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference unanimously voted: 1. The capital of China people and China was Beiping, and it was renamed Beijing. 2. People's Republic of China (PRC) has adopted the AD for many years, and this year it is 1949. 3. Before National Anthem of the People's Republic of China was formally formulated, the national anthem was March of the Volunteers. National Flag of the People's Republic of China is a five-star red flag, symbolizing the great unity of the revolutionary people in China.
On the afternoon of September 30th, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference elected the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference members:,, Zhu De,, Zhang Lan, Li et al. 180 people were elected. Elected the chairman, vice-chairman and all members of the Central People's Government: Mao Zedong as the chairman, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Soong Ching Ling, Li, Zhang Lan and Gao Gang as the vice-chairmen, and Chen Yi and other 63 members of the government; The Declaration of the First Plenary Session of the China People's Political Consultative Conference and the Message of Tribute to the China People's Liberation Army were discussed and adopted.
65438+ 10 1 3 pm, Mao Zedong, President of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, and Zhu De, newly appointed Vice President of People's Republic of China (PRC), first boarded the Tiananmen Gate along the ancient brick stairs on the west side of the gate. Accompanied by march of the volunteers, the national anthem sounded and the chairman, vice-chairmen and members of the Central People's Government took their seats. Mao Zedong then solemnly announced: "The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) was established today!" (Wu)