/kloc-In the middle of 0/9th century, Britain, France, Turkey and Russia fought for their respective spheres of influence and the Crimean War broke out. 1853 165438+ in mid-October, the Turkish navy Osman? Marshal Pasha led the mixed fleet and joined forces with three Russian battleships in Batumi, Caucasus. Osman was afraid that the main force of the Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet was nearby, so he immediately returned to Sinop Bay. The Russian Black Sea Fleet has been active here, looking for opportunities to annihilate the Turkish fleet. On this day, Admiral Na Cui Yimu led three battleships for maritime reconnaissance and found the Turkish fleet not far from Sinop. Because of the disparity in strength, we dare not act rashly and are ready to wait for the arrival of the main force and wait for an opportunity to fight.
Ottoman-led Turkish naval fleet * * * owns 16 warships and 5 10 small caliber guns, which are backward in equipment. Warships are mainly light wooden sailboats and light cruise ships, which are out of date. Faced with this situation, Osman plans to avoid a simple naval battle with the Russian Black Sea Fleet as much as possible, and make full use of the power of shore guns to cover its retreat and wait for the arrival of the main fleet. He put all the ships close to the coast of Sinop, moored between three coastal batteries, in order to obtain the double protection of naval guns and coastal guns, and ordered all the ships to face Haikou with their foreheads ready to set sail and retreat at any time.
165438+1On October 23rd, two Russian cruise ships and three battleships arrived. Russia * * * has 8 warships and 720 guns, 76 of which are powerful bombardment guns that launch explosive bombs. Na Cui Yimu decided to attack. He believes that in terms of quantity, Turkish ships are dominant, but their firepower plus 38 coastal guns is far less than that of Russian troops. It is a favorable opportunity to directly destroy the Turkish sub-fleet at the base before the arrival of the Turkish reinforcement fleet.
Before the Battle of Sinop, the Russian Black Sea Fleet was the most powerful sailing warship fleet in the Black Sea region.
Show fake tricks, new guns and new bombs
165438+1On the morning of October 30th, Na Cui Yimu commanded the ship to sail to Sinop Bay in the fog. In order to paralyze each other, every ship raised the British flag. At this time, the Turkish fleet is still moored on the shore. On the flagship, Osman, eager for reinforcements, paced up and down from time to time. Near noon, the dense fog dispersed, and a fleet with neat queues suddenly appeared on the dazzling sea, hanging the British flag and coming in two columns. Osman was very happy and quickly ordered the signalman to greet each other with semaphores. However, the other side ignored the greetings from the Turkish warships and continued to sail for Sinop Bay. They quickly turned around within the artillery range, closed their sails and anchored, forming a crescent formation. After a while, I saw the British flag lowered, and all the flags were replaced by Russian flags with white crosses on a blue background.
Osman immediately realized the seriousness of the situation and immediately ordered the fleet artillery to fire first. However, the artillery of the Turkish fleet has small caliber, short range and low power. 720 large-caliber artillery pieces of Russian warships then returned fire. When the brakes started, two warships and two transport ships of the Turkish fleet were shot one after another, and the ammunition in the cabin was ignited. The explosion shook the earth, and the fire was soaring. The water was covered with boards, sails and the bodies of Turkish soldiers.
Turkish coastal guns fired in a hurry to help the fleet move. However, while shooting, the Russian fleet approached the shore and entered the shooting angle of the battery. Although the three forts in the west are facing the Russian fleet, the smoke hinders the aim of the shore guns and affects the shooting effect.
The overwhelming artillery fire of the Russian army continued until 5 pm. The Turkish fleet blocked in the port was in chaos. Seeing the tide ebbing, Osman ordered the ship to cut the anchor cable and try to escape. In the chaos, some ran aground and some were shot and caught fire. Osman's flagship didn't go far, and it was beaten again and again. Osman was badly injured and the hull began to sink. The officers and men on board hurriedly put down the dinghy and carried the injured Osman aboard to escape, but they became prisoners of the Russian army without rowing a few oars. The Turkish warships that rushed out were either sunk or captured by the Russians, and only one steam turbine cruise ship escaped from the tiger's mouth.
If you lag behind, you will be beaten and you will inevitably fail.
In this fierce battle of nearly four hours, the Turkish fleet lost 15 warships, more than 3,000 people were killed and 200 others were captured, including Admiral of the fleet Osman? Pasha and three captains. Only 37 people were killed, 235 were injured and one battleship was injured in the Russian fleet.
In this battle, the Russian fleet gave full play to its own advantages, skillfully launched ships, used bombardment guns, acted quickly and resolutely, and always blocked the other fleet in the base, thus realizing the war of annihilation. At the same time, Russia first used blasting bombs. Although this kind of blasting bomb is still immature, it has amazing destructive power to wooden warships like the Turkish fleet. The Turkish fleet is backward in equipment and tactics, and failure is inevitable. On the other hand, it also proves that after the appearance of powerful bombardment guns, wooden sailboats can no longer meet the needs of maritime operations, and iron ships are urgently needed to adapt.