The unit of big pot rice usually refers to state-owned enterprises, and "big pot rice" is an image metaphor of egalitarianism in distribution, including two aspects: first, enterprises eat the "big pot rice" of the country, that is, regardless of good or bad operation, profit or loss, wages are paid as usual, and the total wages of enterprises are out of touch with operating results; second, employees eat the "big pot rice" of enterprises, that is, they do whatever they do within enterprises. This system has seriously suppressed people's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, and made the originally vibrant economy lose its vitality to a great extent. In order to completely eradicate this abuse, the central authorities have put forward requirements: establishing various forms of economic responsibility system, conscientiously implementing the principle of distribution according to work, and breaking the slogan of "one pot cooking". First, the government system and property rights problems that must be faced in deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises 1. Thoroughly reform the appointment and dismissal system of government cadres and the employment system. First of all, we should really abolish the administrative level of enterprises and the cadre treatment of enterprise managers, cultivate the entrepreneur market, improve the performance evaluation system of enterprise managers, and promote the rational flow of management talents; Secondly, it is necessary to implement competition for civil servants in government departments, establish a performance appraisal system for civil servants, and improve the quality of civil servants; Third, actively explore a new mechanism for selecting and employing people to meet the requirements of market economy, and combine organizational assessment and recommendation, introduction of competition mechanism and open recruitment for the society. 2. The reform of property rights system is still the core issue of state-owned enterprise reform. The establishment of modern enterprise system must be based on clear property rights, otherwise any other reform measures will be ineffective or have little effect. A mature and perfect property right system should include three aspects: first, the property right is clear, that is, the subject of property ownership and its responsibilities and rights with the legal person subject are clear; The second is the flow of property rights, that is, property rights can be traded; Third, the internal property rights structure of enterprises is reasonable, that is, the main body of property rights within enterprises is diversified. At present, the reform of the property right system should focus on the following tasks: (1) Actively promote the improvement of the shareholding system. First of all, we should correctly understand the leading role of the state-owned economy in the national economy, completely change the understanding of the absolute holding of shares in such joint-stock enterprises in China, and promote the diversification of enterprise property rights structure. Secondly, we should establish a perfect corporate governance structure so that owners can have their "position". Corporate governance structure is the core of the company system, and its foundation is the separation of ownership and management rights. The key is that the owner has his "status", that is, an institution that can clearly exercise his residual control rights and residual claims on behalf of the owner in the corporate governance structure. (2) Take effective measures to promote the rational flow of property rights. Revitalizing the existing assets and promoting the optimal allocation of assets of state-owned enterprises have been included in the focus of China's current economic work. One of the problems to be solved is to improve laws and regulations and standardize the operation of property rights trading institutions. In view of the present situation of multi-government, direct government intervention and over-the-counter transactions in property rights transactions, we should first improve the laws and regulations on property rights transfer as soon as possible to promote the legal, standardized and orderly flow of public property rights; Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of property rights changes and property rights registration inspection; Third, improve the functions of property rights trading institutions, strengthen the intermediary role of property rights trading institutions, and actively promote the free trade of property rights and the realization of national policy objectives. Second, combined with the strategic adjustment of state-owned capital, give full play to the government's macro-control function, use administrative and economic means, formulate corresponding policies to adjust the investment direction and structure of state-owned assets, and achieve the adjustment goal in a planned and step-by-step manner. The third is to expand and improve the capital market. First, promote the expansion of the stock market step by step year by year, create opportunities for qualified enterprises to go public directly, and at the same time urge enterprises to operate capital according to the inherent requirements of the capital mechanism; Second, we should further explore the ways and methods of the flow of state-owned shares, eliminate the obstacles between state-owned shares, legal person shares and market tradable shares as soon as possible, enhance the liquidity of state-owned shares, realize the same benefits, standardize the operation of state-owned shares, and effectively protect the rights and interests of state-owned assets owners. Second, deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises must face the issue of economic interests. As a cell in social economy, enterprises must pay attention to and seek their own economic interests. From the perspective of social and economic development, this is the driving force and source of economic development. In the period of planned economy, the economic interests of state-owned enterprises and their employees have been neglected for a long time, and the prevalence of "big pot rice" and egalitarianism has seriously dampened the enthusiasm of enterprises and employees. This problem should be solved in the reform of state-owned enterprises. However, it must be noted that ignoring the economic interests of state-owned enterprises is only one of the reasons for the long-term inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, and it is very debatable to take solving the economic interests of state-owned enterprises as the main line of reform. We must note that state-owned enterprises, as a special enterprise form, must follow certain principles when pursuing economic interests. These principles can be summarized as follows: first, the ownership of state-owned enterprises belongs to the whole society rather than the enterprises themselves. This determines that the recipients of economic benefits of state-owned enterprises should be the whole society, not the state-owned enterprises themselves. Second, state-owned enterprises are responsible for ensuring social and economic stability and guiding social and economic development. Therefore, the goal of state-owned enterprise management has the consistency of economic benefits and social benefits, rather than a single demand for its own economic benefits. Third, define the composition of economic interests of state-owned enterprises. Some of the economic benefits realized by state-owned enterprises are obtained by virtue of the "monopoly" status of resources, and these economic benefits should be completely owned by society. First of all, about the economic interests of state-owned enterprise staff. Employees of state-owned enterprises can be divided into three categories: managers, technicians and workers. At present, China is still in the primary stage of socialism, and the staff in state-owned enterprises cannot directly seek economic benefits as the owners of means of production, and their economic benefits are mainly reflected in the form of remuneration. The salary of employees in state-owned enterprises is a collection of historical and social enterprise benefits and the result of market mechanism. On this issue, whether from the perspective of reforming the old system or building a socialist market economic system, we must ultimately rely on the market mechanism. Under the old system, the characteristics of our labor and wage system are "lifelong system" and "supply system". Under the socialist market economy system, the economic interests of employees in state-owned enterprises must gradually form a reasonable framework structure through the labor market, human resources market and human capital market. From the perspective of economics, such a request is absurd: from the perspective of maintaining value, the progress and development of technology will inevitably lead to the "intangible loss" of enterprise assets, and the emergence and development of emerging industries will replace the original industries, which is an objective law that is independent of human will. Therefore, it is not feasible to simply take "preserving value" as the evaluation standard of state-owned enterprises' operating performance; From the perspective of value-added, the development of production must adapt to the growth of demand. Blind development is not the gospel of society, but the waste of resources and the imbalance of economic development ratio. It is not advisable to develop state-owned enterprises only by profit without looking at the total amount and structure of social demand, the orientation of social and economic development, and the capabilities contained in various economic forms. From another perspective, the development of state-owned enterprises depends on the will of the owners rather than the state-owned enterprises themselves. We can use incentive mechanism and restraint mechanism to manage state-owned enterprises, but we can't give them "residual claim and residual control". If we don't properly emphasize the economic interests of state-owned enterprises, it will inevitably dilute the position of state-owned enterprises in the development of national economy, which will have an adverse impact on the development of national economy, and even lead to the phenomenon that state-owned enterprises and the state play a game on "residual claim and residual control". Third, the social problems that must be faced in deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises 1. Many state-owned enterprises have obviously improved their competitive strength after restructuring, but the quality and structure of employees have become the biggest obstacle to the further development of enterprises, and even a new talent gap has emerged. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. In understanding, some enterprises have not put people-oriented into practice, and have not built their development on the basis of all-round development of employees. Systematically, the diversion of laid-off workers in the past few years has also caused some brain drain, and even the introduction of talents has obstacles because of treatment policies and other issues. Culturally, we don't pay enough attention to the construction of corporate culture, neither inheriting traditional culture nor establishing innovation mechanism, and there is no perfect people-oriented advanced corporate culture. In ideological and political work, there is not enough education and guidance for employees. In training, the investment is less, and the effectiveness of training is not strong, which can not meet the needs of development. 2. Some enterprises unilaterally pursue scale expansion, ignoring economic benefits, resulting in new waste and pollution. There are also some old state-owned enterprises with high pollution and high consumption, which have put great pressure on protecting the ecological environment because of outdated equipment and backward technology. This blind pursuit of short-term economic benefits has caused serious overdraft of resources and ecological environment, destroyed the ecological environment on which human beings depend, and directly restricted the sustainable development of economy and society. 3. With the deepening of reform, some old state-owned enterprises have formed different interest groups, and the contrast of their interests has increased the difficulty of maintaining stability. From the perspective of enterprises, some enterprises are not careful and rigorous in implementing relevant policies and formulating specific operating procedures. From a personal point of view, there is still a certain distance for employees to gain a place in the torrent of market economy and adapt to competition. In particular, the employees of state-owned enterprises are aging, and their thoughts, skills and cultural level are limited and influenced by historical conditions, which is far from the talent demand in today's information society and knowledge economy society. In addition, the gap between the rich and the poor and the social imbalance lead to the expansion of social problems, leading to social instability and disharmony. From the social point of view, the social security system is not perfect, the security ability is not strong, and the employment pressure is great, which can not guarantee full employment. The unbalanced mentality of some employees evolved into emotional fluctuations until they gathered to petition and formed unstable groups.