In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), in July, the imperial court called Lv Zuo to be stationed in Yuyang, and Chen Sheng and Guangwu were appointed as commanders. They arrived in osawa Township (now the southeast of Su County, Anhui Province), and were delayed by heavy rain. According to Qin law, if it expires, it will be beheaded. Chen Sheng launched a garrison uprising and put forward the slogan of "Great Chu Xing, Chen". Chen Sheng established himself as a general, thinking that he was a surname. In the name of Fuxi, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang who was granted the death penalty, and Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, he called on the people to oppose Qin. The following year, the fake Wang Guangwu who besieged Xingyang was killed by Tian Cang on the pretext of Chen Sheng's orders because of disagreement with the rebel general Tian Cang.
Basic introduction Real name: font size: Zi Shu years: Qin nationality: birthplace of Huaxia nationality: (now Taikang, Henan)? Date of birth: date of death unknown: Main achievements in 208 BC: launching Daze Township uprising, establishing Zhang Chu regime, resisting Qin tyranny: Fake Wang Partner: Chen Sheng's life experience, being delayed by rain, launching uprising, seizing the flag, Xingyang's defeat, historical evaluation, anecdotes and allusions, dispute over the cause of death, killing subordinates, Chen Sheng's instigation, usurping power by subordinates, memorial for future generations, historical records, and film and television image. In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), in July, the imperial court called Lv Zuo to be stationed in Yuyang, and Chen Sheng and Guangwu were appointed as commanders. Guangwu, Chen Sheng and 900 other poor farmers, escorted by two Qin officials, traveled day and night to osawa Township (now southeast of Suxian County, Anhui Province), but they could not arrive on time because of heavy rain. According to Qin Liangfa, any soldier who is called to guard the border and fails to arrive at the designated place on time will be beheaded. At the critical moment of life and death, Chen Sheng resolutely decided to plan an uprising. That night, Chen Sheng quietly discussed with Guangwu. Although Guangwu and Bobby Chen have known each other for a short time, they are already friends who talk about everything. Chen Sheng said to Guangwu, "There are still thousands of miles away from Yuyang, so we can't reach Yuyang on schedule. In our present situation, we will die if we go there, and we will die if we escape and get caught. It is better to choose to die for the country and do something bigger than death? " Chen Sheng then analyzed the current situation: "Everyone in the world has been ruled by the Qin Dynasty for a long time, and the common people's exorbitant taxes and levies on the Qin Dynasty have reached an unbearable level. It is said that Hu Hai, the second emperor, was the youngest son of Qin Shihuang. It was his eldest son, Fu Su, who should not have succeeded to the throne. Fu Su was virtuous, but he was killed by II for no reason. There is also a famous soldier named Xiang Yan, who used to be a famous soldier of Chu. He made outstanding achievements in military service, cared for soldiers and won the hearts of the people. Now people don't know whether these two people are alive or dead. Why not call on the whole world to rise up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in their name? " Guangwu admired Chen Sheng's courage, felt that his ideas were in line with the people's hearts at that time, and fully supported Chen Sheng's decision to "subjugate the country" and "seek great things". The religious superstition of launching an uprising to predict good or bad luck prevailed in ancient times. After some planning, Bobby Chen and Guangwu specially found a fortune teller. The soothsayers knew their intentions and said, "Your career can be successful, and you can make great contributions to the people. But you should ask ghosts and gods about this. " Chen Sheng and Guangwu were very happy after hearing this. From their words, they realized the truth of "scaring the masses by ghosts and gods". So, they wrote "wàng" on the silk handkerchief with vermilion and stuffed it into the belly of the fish caught by fishermen. When the soldiers bought fish to eat, they were surprised to find the "Dan Shu" in the belly of the fish. At the same time, Chen Sheng let lurk in an abandoned temple near the camp, lit a bonfire at the temple in the middle of the night, pretended to be a jack-o'-lantern, imitated the fox's voice and shouted "Chu Xing, Chen (Yang)"! The sleeping soldier was awakened and very scared. The next day, the soldiers were whispering, and they all pointed the finger at Bobby Chen. In addition, Chen Sheng usually treats his subordinates warmly and kindly, and associates the image of Chen Sheng with the revival of Chu, so he praises Chen Shengbing for his higher prestige. Seeing that the time was basically ripe, Guangwu took advantage of the drunkenness of the two officers escorting the foot soldiers and deliberately threatened to escape, so as to anger the commander escorting them to the border. The two drunken commanders were really angry, scolding and flogging Guangwu, causing dissatisfaction among the soldiers, and they began to coax them. Guangwu rose up and killed Wei Peijian, a famous soldier. Chen Sheng also took advantage of the situation to kill another famous soldier. After Guangwu Uprising, Chen Sheng and Chen Sheng called 900 soldiers and said loudly, "We were caught in heavy rain here, and we couldn't reach Yuyang on time. If we miss the deadline, everyone will be beheaded. Even if we are lucky enough not to be beheaded, 67% of the people guarding the border will die. Besides, if a hero dies, he will achieve great fame when he dies! Will princes have natural noble species? " Bobby Chen's forceful words spoke out everyone's heart. The soldiers were full of resentment and anger towards the Qin dynasty, like a flood that burst its banks, shouting in unison: "We are willing to obey your orders!" " So everyone, under the guidance of Chen Sheng and, according to the plan in advance, exposed their right arms as a symbol, built an altar and vowed to declare an uprising in the name of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, sons of the King of Chu. Chen Sheng established himself as a general and took Guangwu as his surname. He captured osawa Township in one fell swoop, and then quickly captured Qixian County. In this way, the first large-scale peasant uprising war broke out in the history of China. Less than a month after the uprising in Daze Township, the rebels had six or seven hundred chariots, more than 65,438 cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. After controlling a large area at the junction of Anhui and Henan, the insurgents decided to attack the strategic location of Chen County. Chen was the capital of Chu at the end of the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms, Chen County was designated as a county, which shows the importance of its status. If we can win Chen county, it will undoubtedly be a major blow to Qin. So, Chen Sheng led the insurgents disguised as Chen Cheng. Abatti Giresse Concorde's county magistrate and county magistrate were frightened and fled early, leaving only Chengjun (acting as county magistrate) to retreat to the city and fight back. Qin Jun, the already frightened guarding city, quickly fell apart under the powerful offensive of the rebels. The insurgents killed and marched into Chen County. A few days after the rebels entered the city, they were ordered to call three elders (township officials in charge of education in Qin Dynasty) to discuss major issues with local heroes. The three old heroes all said: "The general (referring to Chen Sheng) is strong and sharp, and there is no way to cut. He also violently destroyed Qin State and re-established Chu State, so he should be king." Chen Sheng then established himself as king, with the title of "Zhang Chu". Zhang Chu has the meaning of Zhang Da Chu State. This is because this area is the old Chu State. People hate the tyranny of Qin State and naturally miss the past of Chu State. Chen Sheng and Guangwu called for an uprising in the name of Fu Su killed by Hu Hai and Xiang Yan, the respected general of Chu people. Therefore, the established regime was also named "Zhang Chu". Chen Sheng was appointed as the fake king, led the army to attack Xingyang in the west, Zhao in the north, and Deng Zongnan conquered Jiujiang and captured Wei. Xingyang was defeated and led the rebel army to besiege Xingyang. Chen Sheng sent Zhou Wei as a general to attack Qin in the west. On the way to Xianyang, Zhou Wen's team is expanding. When we arrived at Hangu Pass, there were thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. When the rebels arrived in a play hundreds of miles away from Xianyang (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi Province), they ordered Shaofu to organize hundreds of thousands of prisoners and slaves who built the tomb of Lishan Mountain into an army to meet them. One by one, the rebels were defeated, and Zhou Wen committed suicide. With the development of the anti-Qin struggle, the weaknesses and contradictions within the rebel army gradually emerged. Chen Sheng developed a sense of pride, listened to rumors, killed old friends and became increasingly alienated from the uprising people. Generals sent to various places did not listen to Chen Sheng's restraint, and even killed each other for power and interests. For example, Tian Cang, the rebel general who besieged Xingyang, disagreed with Guangwu's opinion and killed Guangwu under the guise of Chen Shengzhi's life, which led to the collapse of this rebel army. The historical evaluation of Sima Qian in Historical Records: "① Wu Guangsu loves her." "(2) Hungary's world, the lack of the main at home, deer strive for success, and look forward to the place. Chen Sheng's first thing, Zhang Juechu. Ghosts stand on their feet, swans are self-sufficient. Ying Ge went to the East, but Zhou Wenxi refused. Began to kiss Zhu Fang, and served as Hu Wu. The gang saw the killing, but they were absent-minded. Who is Zhuang Jia, who ate the city father! Yang Xiong: "Or ask Chen Guang and say' chaos' and say,' Otherwise, Qin won't die.' Wen Wen: "What about Qin's death? I'm afraid Qin died before he died. " "since ancient times, the disaster of chaos and death has not come from Siyi, but from the king. The prosperity of Qin, the annexation of six countries, and his demise disrupted the world, not the six countries, but Chen Sheng and. Anecdotal story: This is the story of Bobby Chen and Guangwu, who launched a people's uprising and disguised themselves as foxes. They put the fire in a cage at night, making it vaguely like wildfire and imitating what does the fox say. Later, it was compared to planning an uprising. Rise up: It tells the story of the peasant army led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu, cutting down tree trunks as weapons and raising bamboo poles as banners to resist Qin. The Biography of the First Qin Emperor, Volume VI of Historical Records, quoted Han Jiayi's On Crossing the Qin Dynasty: "The exhausted soldiers turned 100 people to attack Qin, chopping firewood as soldiers and uncovering poles as flags. Later, the idiom "get up from the pole" came into being, which refers to the armed riots of civilians. There is no way to rule the Qin Dynasty: Chen Sheng and Guangwu shouted a slogan during the uprising, rebelling against the Qin Dynasty, meaning to punish the inhuman rulers and destroy the cruel Qin Dynasty. The prince would rather have seeds! This is also the slogan that Chen Sheng and Guangwu shouted during the uprising, which means that those princes and princes are all noble-born species? To call on poor farmers. According to "Historical Records of Chen She Family", when Guangwu led an army to attack Xingyang, another uprising general, Zhou Wen, led hundreds of rebel troops to Xianyang. Because he was alone, the situation was extremely unfavorable. A few months later, because they were outnumbered, they were defeated by Mianchi. At this time, the Qin Dynasty organized hundreds of thousands of troops to counter the rebels. See Tian Cang defeat, Qin Jun. Xingyang is too slow, so they are going to partially contain the enemy of Xingyang and use most of the elite soldiers to meet Qin Jun. They discussed with each other and said, "Today, the fake king (Guangwu) is arrogant and doesn't know military power. You can't cooperate with it. If you don't punish it, you will be afraid of failure. "So he killed Guangwu under the pretext of Chen Shengzhi's orders and dedicated his head to Chen Sheng." Ambassador Wang Chen asked Tian Zangchu to make Yin Yin a general. ".In November of the following year (209 BC), I was in Qin Ershi. From this historical data, we can see that Guangwu was so arrogant and willful that his subordinates could not discuss the military action plan with him and had to kill him. According to some general history works, "Guangwu was arrogant and incompetent and was killed by Tiancang Department". But this conclusion is not invulnerable for the following reasons: First, according to historical records, the Chen She family said that "the arrogance of a fake king should not be allowed" came from Tian Cang and others who wanted to replace Guangwu, and its reliability is questionable. 2. Historical Records: Chen She's aristocratic family: "Wu Guang loves his wife, and foot soldiers are mostly used". Sima Qian used praise here, which shows that Guangwu is not as arrogant as Tian Cang said. Thirdly, Historical Records of Chen She Family only records Chen Sheng's arrogance and bossiness towards the queen, but makes no mention of Guangwu's "arrogance". How can you jump to conclusions based on Tamura's one-sided words? On the basis of the above problems, people have conducted in-depth discussions. Simply speaking, Tamura and Tamura have differences in military operations and cannot be unified. In the face of powerful Qin Jun, Tian Cang had to kill Guangwu, so that the scheduled military action could proceed smoothly. Later, Tian Cang was appointed by Chen Sheng, so he suited himself to stay in Xingyang. He led the main force to meet Zhang Han, the general of Qin State, and took Qin Jun to Yu 'aocang. As a result, he was defeated and died. Chen Sheng instructed that Wu's death was related to Chen Sheng. Chen Sheng is the queen, appointing cronies, killing old friends in vain and alienating soldiers; The relationship with Guangwu is not as harmonious as it was at the beginning of the uprising. It is speculated that Tian Cang killed Guangwu with the acquiescence of Chen Sheng. Otherwise, why "dedicate your head to Wang Chen"? And Tian Cang, who cut off Chen Sheng's left and right arms, how can he be a commander in chief and a general? There is also a saying that the cause of death of Guangwu should be investigated in the historical environment at that time. During the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, many men rose. Tian Cang is a man with personal ambition, unwilling to stay under Guangwu for too long, and suffering from being unable to surpass him. Therefore, saying that Guangwu is "arrogant and ignorant of the military power" may be just an excuse to eliminate Guangwu and replace him. There is no historical data to prove the reason why Guangwu was killed. However, a leader of the peasant war did not die on the battlefield of killing the enemy, but fell under the bayonet of his men. The reason is worth exploring after all. Later generations commemorate "Chen Comics" and "Comics Collection of the Romance of the Western Han Dynasty" (Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 1983 edition). Chen Sheng and Uprising Silver Coin "Chen Classic Comic Reader Series: Famous Peasant Uprising" (3 volumes in total), Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House. Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising Silver Coin. Historical records record Sima Qian's Historical Records, volume 48, family 18, and Ban Gu's Hanshu, volume 31, Chen Jichuan, the first. In 2004, TVB produced the TV series "Chu Han Jiao Xiong", and Xu Rong played Guangwu. 20 12 south Korean SBS produced and broadcast "wage earner Chu Han Zhi", with Hee-do Lee playing guangwu.